1. Brief History and Overview of Community Colleges AmeriCorps Orientation August 2012 Dr. Ron Abrams, President, OACC Dr. Mike Snider, Project Coordinator, OACC

2. Many people never would have attended college were it not for community colleges and their commitment to open-access admissions. Every community college has its own culture and serves a unique geographic area and clientele. The Community College Story, Vaughan, George B., American Association of Community Colleges, Community College Press, 2000.

3. Brief History of Higher Education United States Ohio Review of Community College Heritage United States Ohio Review of Columbus State Community College Heritage

4. 1636 Harvard University 1693 College of William & Mary 1701 Yale University 1776 Constitution of the United States

5. 1787 Northwest Territory Land for “a literary institution”

6. Zane’s Trace – Late 1700’s Current Ohio map shows Zane's Trace from Wheeling, West Virginia, to Zanesville, to Chillicothe and to Maysville, Kentucky.

7. 1802 Passed an Act to Establish a University 1803 Admission of Ohio as a State 1804 First College in the U.S. Found on Land Endowed from the National Government from the National Government First College in the Northwest Territory First College in Ohio Ohio University

8. 1825 – 1847 Ohio’s 1000 Mile Network of Canals Frontier Economy was Transformed Overnight Opened Markets for Agriculture and Industrial Products Attracted Thousands of Immigrants to the State

9. 1825 – 1847 Ohio’s Canals

10. 1838 - Caleb Atwater Ohio’s First Historian “It is cheaper for those who own property, to educate all the children of the state than to punish them for crimes which they will commit if left to grow up in ignorance and vice. Furthermore, unless better colleges are soon forthcoming, the schools, the courts, and the legislature of Ohio could only decline.”

11. 1862 - Passage of the Morrill Act “Land Grant Act” The Morrill Acts funded educational institutions by granting Federally controlled land to the states. The mission of thee institutions, as set forth in the 1862 Act, is to teach agriculture, military tactics, the mechanic arts, and home economics, not to the exclusion of classical studies, so that members of the working class might obtain a practical college education.

12. Prior to “Land Grant Act” 300 Colleges – Nearly all Private Colleges Must be Proficient in Latin and Greek to be Admitted Not for the “common person” Agriculture and Mechanical Arts not worthy of study Stigma of being “cow college”

13. 1862 Land Grant Colleges and Universities

14. 1870 Chartered College Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College 1873 Opened the College 1878 Renamed Ohio State University

15. 1901 Founding of Joliet Junior College “postgraduate” Education beyond High School 1916 Postgraduate Separated from High School 1917 Formally named Joliet Junior College

16. Joliet Junior College Important for several Reasons Well Equipped Public High Schools could offer College Level Courses Demonstrated the Feasibility and Desirability of using Tax Dollars to offer Postsecondary Education in Communities The needs of the Community helped Shape the Courses and Programs Offered The Acceptance of Courses by University of Chicago and Northwestern – Transfer

17. 1917 California Kansas Michigan

18. 1944 Passage of the GI Bill of Rights “GI Bill” World War II Winding Down What to do with Millions Returning from War Pre-war Economic Depression Citizens Feared not enough Jobs Political Leaders – Delay of Return to Job Market Improve Skills/Reward them for Serving Send to College

19. “The GI Bill set a Precedent for the Student Financial Aid that Exist Today”

20. 1947 – Higher Education for American Democracy Truman Commission Report Establishment of a Network of Public Community Colleges charge little or no tuition Serve as a Culture Center Comprehensive in Program Offerings – Civic Responsibilities – Serve the area where located Introduced the Term Community College

21. 1947 – Higher Education for American Democracy Truman Commission Report, cont. Be within Reach of most Citizens Offer Continuing Education for Adults, as well as Technical and General Education Be Locally Controlled Be part of their State’s and Nation’s Higher Education System

22. Growth 1960’s 1958 Introduction of ADN Programs 1960-1970 457 New Colleges Opened throughout the Country Passage of Higher Education Act – Federal Support for Education Baby Boomers Coming of Age End of School Segregation in the South bolstering commitment to Access and Equity

23. 1988 – Building Communities: A Vision for a New Century W. K. Kellogg Foundation Metropolitan Life Foundation The word community should be defined not only as a region to be served, but also as a “climate to be created.”

24. American Association of Community Colleges Number of Community Colleges Public Institutions 987 Independent Institutions 177 Tribal Institutions 31 Total 1195 Enrollment 11.5 million Students 6.5 million credit 5 million noncredit 46% of all U.S. Undergraduates 41% of First-time Freshmen

25. Community Colleges at the Forefront Health Care: 59% of new nurses and the majority of other new health-care workers are educated at community colleges. Workforce Training: 95% of businesses and organizations that employ community college graduates recommend community college workforce education and training programs. International Programs: Close to 100,000 international students attend community colleges, about 39% of all international undergraduate students in the United States.

26. Community Colleges at the Forefront Homeland Security: Close to 80% of firefighters, law enforcement officers, and EMTs are credentialed at community colleges. Online Education: Students at 41% of public community colleges can earn a degree entirely online and 92% of all institutions offer at least one Internet- based course. Earnings: The average expected lifetime earnings for a graduate with an associate degree are $1.6 million, about $.4 million more than a high school graduate earns.

27. Mission Serve all Segments of Society through an Open-access Admissions Policy Offer Equal and Fair Treatment to all Students Provide a Comprehensive Educational Program Serve the Community as a Community-based Institution of Higher Education Teaching and Learning Foster Lifelong Learning

28. Implementing the Mission College Transfer Programs Occupational-Technical Programs Developmental Education Community Service Support Services

30. In the 21 st century, the community college’s success will continue to depend on its ability to respond to a changing environment. The Community College Story, Vaughan, George B., American Association of Community Colleges, Community College Press, 2000.