1. System Optimization Networking
In this topic, we will introduce the networking in IP surveillance system, Course 3 Section1

2. Introduction The basic connection of IP camera. WAN and LAN.
DNS and DDNS.
How to select bandwidth size.
Dual stream and single stream.
We will introduce the major knowledge we shall need to know in networking, including
- The basic connection of IP camera.
WAN and LAN.
DNS and DDNS.
How to select bandwidth size.
Dual stream and single stream.

3. IP Camera basic connection
Prepare an IP camera, a PC with NVR and an Ethernet cable.
Plug the Ethernet cable into the Ethernet port of IP camera and PC.
IP Camera PC
Ethernet Cable
NVR
First, how do we connect to IP camera? Here are the primary steps,
Prepare an IP camera, a PC with NVR and an Ethernet cable.
Plug the Ethernet cable into the Ethernet port of IP camera and PC.
Next step, we need to set up the IP address of PC and camera.
As how to set the IP address? We will have detail introduce in next slides.

4. IP Address Setting
Set the IP address of PC to follow the IP range of camera.
You can open the Web Interface of this camera.
For example,
if the default IP address of camera is
The PC’s IP address can be set
First, you have to set the IP address of PC to follow the IP range of camera.
Then, you can open the Web Interface of this camera.
For example,
if the default IP address of camera is
The PC’IP address can be set
Setup IP address in PC:
Start Control Panel Network and Sharing Center  Local Area Connection Properties Internet Protoca4 Version 4

5. Cameras or PCs extension
If we want to add more cameras or PCs in the local area network, we can use switch to connect all.
IP Camera PC
After we connect PC and camera and setup the IP address and Web Interface.
If we want to add more cameras or PCs in the same local area, we can use switch to connect all.
Just like the below figure. PC

6. Local Area Network
In this area, devices can’t access to internet Independently however they can connect to each other. This area we called “Local Area Network(LAN)”
The IP addresses of devices in LAN are called “Private IP”.
NVR Server
In this area, devices can’t access to internet Independently however they can connect to each other. This area we called “Local Area Network(LAN)”
And the IP addresses of devices in LAN are called “Private IP”.
NVR Remote Client
LAN
IP Camera

7. How to get private IP? Get private IP from DHCP server.
IP Range …
Camera
Dynamic IP
Request IP
Camera
Dynamic IP
DHCP Server
Assign IP
Set the private IP into camera manually
Confirm the IP range in the same network area.
As we know the private IP is used in LAN, however, how to get the private IP?
There has two method to get private IP,
From DHCP server.
The first question you may ask is where to get DHCP Server?
Basically, the general router already built-in the DHCP server.
DHCP server has a range of private IP for management.
While cameras are set to get IP from DHCP server, cameras will send request IP message to DHCP server.
Then DHCP server will assign IP to these cameras.
2. Set the private IP into camera manually.
You have to confirm the IP range in the same network area.
If the network area are not the same, camera and NVR can’t communicate each other. (Ex, can’t communicate with )
Oppositely, If they are in the network area. camera and NVR can communicate each other. (Ex, can communicate with )
NVR Server
NVR Server

8. Access to Internet from LAN
If the devices in LAN want to access to Internet, devices can connect to a router that uses IP address for Internet.
IP Camera
IP address for Internet
Router
Internet
Now, we know the architecture of LAN and how to get the private IP.
However, how could we access to internet from LAN?
Just like the figure in below, we can set the IP address for Internet in router.
If the devices in LAN want to access to Internet, devices can connect to a router that uses IP address for Internet
LAN
NVR Server
Client

9. Wide Area Network (WAN)
The IP addresses for Internet can access Internet are called “Public IP”.
This area we called “Wide Area Network (WAN)”.
Apply to your local ISP to get public IP
Static IP Address
PPPoE (Dynamic IP)
IP Camera
Router
Private IP
Public IP
Devices in the area have legal IP address can access Internet, we called “Wide Area Network”, WAN.
The legal IP addresses can access Internet are called “Public IP”.
You may have question, how to get public IP?
The answer is apply to your local ISP to get public IP
There has two kinds of public IP.
Static IP Address (The unique IP address in Internet.)
PPPoE (Dynamic IP)
About PPPoE, User needs to use username and password to get a IP address every time while user wants to connect to Internet.
So, this IP address will be changed frequently.
Internet
LAN
NVR Server
WAN

10. Remote clients in WAN LAN WAN
If clients in WAN wants to get video stream, how can clients send the request to IP camera and get video stream because of private IP is invisible in Internet?
We can use “Port Mapping ” to let remote clients know where camera is.
IP Camera
Video Stream
Client
Request
Devices in LAN can use router to access to Internet.
How can devices in WAN connect to the cameras in LAN?
If clients in WAN wants to get video stream, how can clients send the request to IP camera and get video stream because of private IP is invisible in Internet?
We can use “Port Mapping ” to let remote clients know where camera is.
The detail of port mapping, we will introduce in next slide.
Router
Internet
Client
LAN
NVR Server
WAN

11. Port Mapping
Setup the port mapping table in router, ex: Port 101 = (camera’s IP). That means as long as the request comes from port 101 into router, router will forward this request to the specified IP address.
While client types “ IP: port” in browser, ex : 101. It can find the router via this public IP and access to the camera via port mapping table.
Port
IP Address
101
102
103
104
Connect to : 101
Using “Port Mapping”, we can connect to Router and find the right camera with mapping port setting.
The steps are.
Setup the port mapping table in router, ex: Port 103 (The port number from Internet) = (camera’s IP address).
There will list the mapping table in router about the message from which port and router will forward to the corresponding private IP address.
Thus,
While client types “ IP: port” in browser, ex : 103. It can find the router via this public IP and access to the camera via port mapping table.
Router
Internet
Public IP:
Client

12. Easy to search in Internet
Even remote clients can connect to IP cameras via router with public IP address, however the IP address is too hard to remember, instead of using friendly Domain name to access.
DNS (Domain Name System) and DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System)
Even remote clients can connect to IP cameras via router with public IP address, however the IP address is too hard to remember, instead of using friendly Domain name to access.
Domain name just like, you type “ in browser, not use the complex IP address.
There are two methods. DNS (Domain Name System) and DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System)

13. DNS (Domain Name System)
A naming system mapping with Static IP Address for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet.
User needs to has a domain name and apply the mapping with the public IP of router to DNS server.
While client types the domain in browser, it will search the mapping IP address in DNS server and link to the router.
Internet
Camera
As we know the static IP of public IP, we will introduce DNS, domain name system, in this slide.
What is DNS? For example, while we want to access to Google website, we just type “ in browser, not the IP address of Google. “ is the domain name of Google’s website. The reason is IP address is to hard to remember, instead of using friendly Domain name to access. So, we can say DNS is a naming system mapping with static IP address for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet.
User needs to has a domain name and apply the mapping with the public IP of router to DNS server.
Then, while client types the domain in browser, it will search the mapping IP address in DNS server and link to the router.
Client
Static IP:
DNS Server
NVR server
IP Address
Domain Name

14. DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System)
Using static IP has higher cost than PPPoE.
Even the camera obtains dynamic IP address (PPPoE), user still can use domain name to connect this camera.
While the dynamic IP is changed, it will send the notice to DDNS server and DDNS server will update it. Then, clients still can use the mapping of IP address and domain name to find camera and NVR server.
Internet
Camera
However, using static IP has higher cost than PPPoE. Could PPPoE use domain name?
The answer is yes, but it has to use DDNS, dynamic domain name system, even the camera obtains dynamic IP address (PPPoE), user still can use domain name to connect this camera.
While the dynamic IP is changed, it will send the notice to DDNS server and DDNS server will update it. Then, clients still can find the mapping of IP address and domain name in DDNS server to find camera and NVR server through the router.
Client
Dynamic IP:
DDNS Server
NVR server
IP Address
Domain Name
IP Address
Domain Name
Go to this camera

15. Network Bandwidth Size Selection
Here, we will guide you how to select the network bandwidth size based on your network architecture.

16. Bit Rate The amount of transmitted video stream per second.
Bit rate is related with Resolution, Compression type, frame rate and video quality.
Video Stream
Frame Rate
Frame Rate
Compression Type
Compression Type
Low Bit Rate
Resolution
Resolution
Before the network bandwidth introduction, we shall need to know what bit rate is, first.
Bit rate is the amount of transmitted video stream per second and the unit is bit/s or bps.
And bit rate is related with Resolution, Compression type, frame rate and the final we will see in the video is quality.
We can use a simple example to let you know.
Bit rate just like the truck and carry the video stream to clients.
The video stream includes resolution, compression type and frame rate.
If we use high bit rate (big truck) to carry, the video stream will arrive to destination safely, that means it will has good quality.
If we use low bit rate (small truck) to carry, the small truck is difficult to handle this video quality and will drop the video quality.
However, high bit rate means the data size will be big and clients also need the big hard disc space.
High Bit Rate
Low Video Quality

17. Resolution: 1280x1024, Compression type: H.264, Frame Rate: 18 fps.
We can see these two images,
These two images use the same resolution, compression type and frame rate.
The left image uses high bit rate and has good video quality and we still can see the detail in this image.
The right image uses low bit rate and has poor video quality. The detail in this image is blurred
High Bit Rate
Low Bit Rate

18. Architecture of your Network
You have to know the architecture of network
From cameras to NVR server for storage.
From NVR server to remote clients for live view and playback.
Client 1 2
Internet
NVR Server
After the introduction of bit rate, we will guide you about “Network Bandwidth Size Selection”
First, before we calculate the total bandwidth, you have to know the detail about the architecture of your surveillance Network.
We can use the position of NVR server to see that shall have two parts.
1. From cameras to NVR server for storage.
2. From NVR server to remote clients for live view and playback.
Client
IP Cameras
: Video stream from camera to NVR server
: Video stream from NVR server to client

19. Bandwidth from cameras to NVR server
How many cameras will connect with NVR server?
What is the bit rate of each camera?
Calculate the result of total bandwidth.
Camera 1
No.
Bit rate
Camera1
4 Mbps
Camera2
2.5 Mbps
Camera3
3 Mbps
Total Bandwidth
9.5 Mbps
NVR Server
Camera 2
Let’s see the bandwidth from cameras to NVR server. We have to know tow things
1. How many cameras will connect with NVR server?
2. What is the bit rate of each camera?
Then, we can calculate the result.
For example, there are three cameras connect with NVR server and the bit rate of each camera is 4 Mbps, 2.5 Mbps and 3 Mbps.
Then, we can calculate the total bandwidth from cameras to NVR server is 9.5 Mbps.
Camera 3

20. Bandwidth from NVR server to NVR Workstation
How many remote clients will connect with NVR server?
How many cameras do remote clients want to see simultaneously?
What is the bit rate of these cameras?
Calculate the result
Client
Internet
NVR Server
Live view/
Playback
Here, we will know the bandwidth from NVR server to NVR Workstation. We need to know three things here.
1. How many workstations will connect with NVR server?
2. How many cameras do remote clients want to see?
3. What is the bit rate of these cameras?
For example, there are 2 remote clients want to get video stream from NVR server.
Client1 wants to see camera1 and camera3, client2 wants to see camera2 and camera3 simultaneously.
We can see the bit rate of these cameras in this table.
Than, we can calculate the total bandwidth from NVR server to remote clients.
No.
Camera 1
Camera 2
Camera 3
Bandwidth per client
Client 1
4Mbps X
3 Mbps
7 Mbps
Client 2
2.5 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
Total Bandwidth
12.5 Mbps

21. Small Resolution for live View
While the cameras are streaming H.264 for both recording and live view, the NVR server has difficulties to decode 64 channel live view filled with H.264 cameras.
Due to the scale of layout for live view to support multi-channels (up to 32 or 64 channels), small resolution (ex: VGA) serves the purpose.
Could we use the small resolution for live view and maximum resolution for recording at the same time?
Dual Stream
Small scale
Because of the proposes to get video stream are recording and live view, while the cameras are streaming H.264 for both recording and live view, the NVR server has difficulties to decode 64 channel live view filled with H.264 cameras. Due to the scale of layout for live view is small to support multi-channels (up to 32 or 64 channels), the small resolution (ex: VGA) is enough to meet.
So, could we use the small resolution for live view and maximum resolution for recording in the same time?
The solution is “Dual Stream”
VGA resolution

22. Dual Stream
The camera can send out two streams to NVR, one of them for live view and another for recording purpose.
Media 1: with the maximum resolution and quality using H.264 that will be directly stored on the server side without requiring much CPU power.
Media 2: with MJPEG in VGA resolution as a source for live view and saving bandwidth from NVR server to workstation.
The quality of the stored video is highly important – should any details be missed during live view, they can easily be found during high quality playback.
Saving bandwidth
Media 1
(maximum resolution/H.264)
NVR Workstation
NVR Server
Live view
What is dual stream?
The camera can send out two streams and NVR can choose which one for live view or recording.
Media 1: with the maximum resolution and quality using H.264 that will be directly stored on the server side without requiring much CPU power.
Media 2: with MJPEG in VGA resolution as a source for live view and saving bandwidth from NVR server to workstation.
The good quality of the stored video is highly important – should any details be missed during live view, they can easily be found during high quality playback.
Media 2
(VGA resolution/MJPEG)
Reduce CPU loading for decompression.
Multi-channel live view is working smoothly
Storage
Quality video is stored for future playback

23. Dual Stream / Single Stream
Optimize the loading of NVR recording and live view.
The bandwidth of remote live view consumption is very small.
Media 1
(maximum resolution/H.264)
Storage
NVR Server
Media 2
(VGA resolution/MJPEG)
Live view
Single stream:
Efficient the calculating power of camera.
So, while camera provides dual stream, we can optimize the loading of NVR recording/ live view and the bandwidth of remote live view consumption is very small.
And while camera only provide single stream, we have efficient the calculating power of camera.
NVR Server
Storage
Media
(maximum resolution/H.264)
Live view

24. Conclusion Clarify Networking Environment
Calculate the Bandwidth You Need
As a conclusion, let’s quickly go over the important facts about the Networking
Clarify your Networking Environment and choose the right function for real application.
Calculate the Bandwidth You Need and select the appropriate network bandwidth size.
It is better your cameras and NVR support dual stream, dual stream can optimize the loading of NVR recording and live view. Dual stream also can keep the quality of stored video.
Dual Stream