1. Detlef Loy GIZ Advisor dloy@loy-energy-consulting.de February 2013

2.  Reference is COPANT standard 1707:2006 “Energy Efficiency. Refrigerator, freezers and combined household appliances. Specifications and labeling”.  This standard is partly identical to the former EU Commission Directive 94/2/EC of 21 January 1994, which was in its original version in force until 2003.

3.  Refrigerators with or without low-temperature compartments  Refrigerator-freezers, appliances to store frozen food; and  Freezers type frost-free or not.

4.  The energy efficiency classes are ranked from A to G.  The label requires indicating the volume in liters (whereas most of the refrigerators coming from the US are measured in cubic feet).  It requires the energy consumption expressed in kWh/month (whereas in Europe the figure is expressed in kWh/a).

5.  For test methods SLBS refers to the following standards: ISO 7371, ISO 8187, ISO 5155, ISO 8561.  The standards propose two different methods for defining the energy efficiency classes: Annex A follows the European approach and uses an ambient temperature of 25 °C. Annex B describes an approach with an ambient temperature of 32 °C that follows the US standard.

6.  The standard defines 10 different categories according to refrigerating type and temperature of compartments.  The ranking of the EE classes is done according to an Energy Efficiency Index (EEI)

7.  Determination of the refrigerating type category (10 different ones)  Calculation of the Equivalent Volume  Correction Factors  Calculation of the EEI D. Loy, EU Label for Household Refrigerating Appliances, 12/2012

8. EEIEE class < 55A 55 … < 75B 75 … < 90C 90 … < 100D 100 … < 110E 110 … < 125F ≥ 125G With:  EEI = Measured consumption of energy / Normalized consumption of energy (expressed in percent)  Normalized energy consumption = M x Adjusted volume + N (in kWh/a)  Adjusted volume = Volume of fresh food compartment + Ω x Volume of frost food compartment (in liters)  Values for M, N and Ω are established in a separate table and specific for the type of appliance. (For the most common combinations a relatively complex calculation applies that includes the nominal temperature of each compartment)

9.  The standard defines 6 different categories according to refrigerating.  The ranking of the EE classes is done according to an Energy Efficiency Ratio (I e )

10.  Using test temperature of 32°C  Determination of the refrigerating type category (6 different ones)  Calculation of the Adjusted Volume  Calculation of the Standard Consumption  Calculation of the Energy Efficiency Ratio

11.  Table A.2: In footnote (2) it is not clear what means that the factor applied to this index will be provisionally 1.2, changing to 2.58. Under footnote (3) it is mentioned that the adjustment factor for “frost-free” compartments is 1.2.  It is not clear which energy consumption will be indicated on the label and how they compare to each other: the one measured with 25°C or the one with 32°C?  Is declared consumption under Method B the one that is measured and is it the monthly consumption?

12. Detlef Loy GIZ Consultant dloy@loy-energy-consulting.de December 2012

13. CategoryDefinition 1Refrigerator with one or more fresh-food storage compartments 2Refrigerator-celler, cellar and wine storage appliances 3Refrigerator-chiller and refrigerator with a 0-star compartment 4Refrigerator with a 1-star compartment 5Refrigerator with a 2-star compartment 6Refrigerator with a 3-star compartment 7Refrigerator-freezer 8Upright freezer 9Chest freezer 10Multi-use and other refrigerating appliances Each category is defined by the composition of the compartments and independent of the number of doors and/or drawers. Appliances that cannot be classified in cat. 1-9 are classified in cat. 10 D. Loy, EU Label for Household Refrigerating Appliances, 12/2012

14. The Equivalent Volume (V eq ) of a refrigerating appliance is the sum of the equivalent volumes of all compartments (in liters) with n: number of compartments V c : storage volume of the compartment T c : nominal temperature of the compartment (see table) FF, CC, BI: volume correction factors (see table) D. Loy, EU Label for Household Refrigerating Appliances, 12/2012

15.  FF: Volume correction factor the volume of frost-free compartments  CC: Volume correction factor of specific climate classes  BI: Volume correction factor of build-in appliances D. Loy, EU Label for Household Refrigerating Appliances, 12/2012

16.  For calculation of the EEI of a refrigerating appliance the annual energy consumption is compared with the standard annual energy consumption with AE c : annual energy consumption of the appliance SAE c : standard annual energy consumption of the appliance D. Loy, EU Label for Household Refrigerating Appliances, 12/2012

17. …. is calculated as follows: with E 24h : measured energy consumption of a refrigerating appliance in kWh/24 h D. Loy, EU Label for Household Refrigerating Appliances, 12/2012

18. …. is calculated as follows: with V eq : Equivalent volume of the refrigerating appliance M, N: factors, see table CH: 50 kWh for appliances with a freezing compartment of at least 19 liter D. Loy, EU Label for Household Refrigerating Appliances, 12/2012

19. EE classEEI (until June 30, 2014) EEI (as from July 1, 2014) A+++< 22 A++22 … < 33 A+33 … < 4433 … < 42 A44 … < 5542 … < 55 B55 … < 75 C75 … < 95 D95 … < 110 E110 … < 125 F125 … < 150 G ≥ 150 D. Loy, EU Label for Household Refrigerating Appliances, 12/2012

20. Brand and model EE class Energy consumption per year (measured) Volume fresh-food compartment (liter) Volume (liter) and type (stars) freezer compartment Noise emission D. Loy, EU Label for Household Refrigerating Appliances, 12/2012

21. Detlef Loy GIZ Advisor dloy@loy-energy-consulting.de February 2013

22.  Fridge/freezer combinations with 300 liters of fresh-food compartment and 100 liters of freezer compartment  The adjusted (or equivalent) volume according to the current EU regulation would therefore be 618 liters (non frost-free, Climate Class T, non built- in).  The Standard Energy Consumption for such an appliance would be 833 kWh.  One combination per household served by Lucelec = 54,400 in total.

23.  Combinations have been purchased over a period of 20 years with equal shares every year.  Every five-year period the medium efficiency standard has increased by one class, starting at the current European D-level (95 to 110% of the standard energy consumption) in the period 1993-1997.  On this basis we have made calculations, each time looking at the lowest and highest standards for energy consumption in every class range.

24. Purchasing period Amount of fridge/freezer combinations Low Cons.High Cons.Total LowTotal High Equivalent to EU efficiency class … kWh/a GWh/a 1993-199713,60079291710.812.5D 1998-200213,6006257928.510.8C 2003-200713,6004586256.2 B 2008-201213,6003674585.06.2A Sum30.535.7

25.  In the first year (2013) the fraction of the now 20-year old appliances will be replaced by models with a medium EEI of 44 (standard consumption of 367 kWh/a).  In the second and all following years the EEI will be reduced by one point per year, thus reaching at an EEI of 25 in 2032.  This would still be higher than the threshold (<22) for the most efficient European appliances (class A+++) that was introduced in December 2011.

26. GWh/a

27.  The saving potential is between 14.8 and 20.1 GWh/a (or 4.4 and 6.0 % of final electricity use in 2011) and will be fully achieved in the 20 th year.  Avoided plant capacity will be in the range of 2.9 to 4.0 MW in year 2032.  Fuel savings will reach between 760,500 and 1.0 million imp. gal. or about 7.6 – 10.0 million EC$ per annum (based on 2011 prices).