1. Solutions and responses to ocean acidification

2. Recap: Fossil fuels burned -> releases GHG’s into the atmosphere -> GHG’s are absorbed into the ocean-> the added compounds change the chemistry in the ocean-> the water becomes more acidic -> crustaceans cant make their shells, other skeletons dissolve, immune systems are compromised -> messed up food web -> sad, poor humans and other predators

3. WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT OCEAN ACIDIFICATION? Obviously … reduce CO2 to ease future issues Over 70% of global CO2 emissions are produced within city limits Recognizing this, mayors from cities around the world have joined the C40 Cities Global Leadership Program

4. C40 cities

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6. But what else can we do now? MONITORING APPROACH Repeat hydrographic surveys, ship-based surface observations, and time series stations in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, have allowed us to begin to understand the long-term changes in the carbonate chemistry of the oceans in response to ocean acidification.

7. BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE AND ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDIES Conduct experiments to determine how economically and ecologically important species respond to ocean acidification. Determine the range of ability and the likelihood of especially important species to adapt to high acidity Understanding how ocean acidification will impact ecosystem services will allow informed decisions to be made about how we approach adapting to and mitigating the forecasted changes.

9. ADAPTATION Scientists, policy makers and managers will have to learn how to adapt to a radically to a different ocean.

10. EDUCATION AND AWARENESS Education and outreach are a vital to improving the public's awareness and understanding of the Ocean Acidification. This includes not only increasing the general awareness of ocean acidification, but also increasing the understanding of the scientific knowledge and impacts of the ocean's changing chemistry. There are many programs within NOAA that are active in educating a variety of audiences about this and other issues There are annual workshops and an Ocean Acidification Education Implementation Plan in the works, in order to outline the next steps to implement NOAA ocean acidification education that were outlined in the OA Research Plan.