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Published byHugo Mitchell Modified over 8 years ago
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negatively charged particles with a mass of 0.0006 a.m.u. (or just put zero) that equal the # of positive protons in the nucleus their exact location around the nucleus is not known--Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. an electrons’s position, momentum, or energy can never be precisely determined measuring any variable disturbs the others in an unpredictable way
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therefore, we say they are found in an electron cloud or orbital electron orbitals represent a volume of space where an electron would have a 95% probability of being found many orbitals can make up an electron level as electrons are added to an atom, they settle into the lowest unfilled energy leve l
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for this class (Physical Science), each level or orbit, can only hold a certain amount of electrons 1 st → up to 2 electrons 2 nd → up to 8 electrons 3 rd → up to 8 electrons 4 th → up to 8 electrons (really 18)
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the properties of elements depends on how many electrons are in a particular atom’s different levels valence electrons are the electrons in the very last or outermost energy level
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draw a sodium atom and a chlorine atom
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Draw a aluminum atom
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valence electrons are represented as dots around the chemical symbol for the element Na Cl
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Draw the following atoms (Mr. J uses the light table and draws with students)
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