1. Please share your modules with me or take them out for check off Take out your water quality lab for stamping

2. Module 43-45 Multiple Choice 434445 1.B1. E1.A 2.D2.C 3. B3. E3.D 4. E4. D End of Chapter: 1.D5. C9. B 2.E6. C 3.B7. E 4.A8. A

3. Water Pollution Warm-Up A body of water with a high BOD and high phosphate and nitrate levels is probably contaminated with what? A body of water with high conductivity is probably contaminated with what? A body of water with a low pH may be contaminated with what? A body of water with high turbidity and low D.O. may be contaminated with what?

4. Fecal Coliform results

5. Biggest pollution problem in the world … LACK OF CLEAN WATER! Ganges in India Yangtze & Three Gorges Dam in China

6. Waterborne Diseases Cholera, typhoid fever, giardia, E. coli, dysentery, hepatitis … to name a few Why is tea such a popular drink in many developing countries?

7. Clean drinking water is not just a problem in developing countries Cryptosporidium in Lake Michigan/Milwaukee King County’s Combined Sewer Overflow Control –– http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/wastewater/CSO.aspx

8. Nutrient Pollution Main Cause: Fertilizer Run-off Effect: Eutrophication/Hypoxia

9. Eutrophication Eutrophication: the natural nutrient enrichment of freshwater Cultural Eutrophication: man-made, rapid nutrient enrichment Phosphates, nitrates from fertilizer run-off, animal feedlots, untreated sewage

10. Cultural Eutrophication Excess nutrient cause huge algal blooms Block light for phytoplankton and submerged plants; DO drops Aerobic bacteria decompose the algal mats; DO drops

11. Eutrophication Remediation Mechanical removal of excess weeds Pumping O2 into the water Use of herbicides/algaecides Buffer zones to prevent run off Advanced treatment plants- remove N, P http://www.kingcounty.gov/services/environment/water- and-land/lakes/lakes-of-king-county/lake- washington/lake-washington-story.aspx

12. Pathogen/Waterborne Disease Main Causes: Sewage overflows/runoffs and manure runoffs from feed lots Effects: Disease Outbreaks/Eutrophication

13. Water Borne Disease Bacteria- Typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery, enteritis Viruses- Hepatitis B, polio Protozoa- amoebic dysentery, giardia, cryptosporidium Worms- schistosomiasis

15. Industrial Chemicals Organic chemicals: oil, plastics, pesticides, cleaning solvents Inorganic: acids/bases, salts, metals PCBs We will cover these more in detail after break in the toxins mini-unit

16. Heavy Metals Mercury: comes from burning coal and mining; bacteria convert it toxic methylmercury in water; causes neurological damage Lead: comes from old paint, leaded gasoline, mining; causes neurological damage

17. Mining and Water Pollution Mining exposes large areas of earth’s surface to water and wind, creating runoff Sediments Naturally occurring heavy metals (mercury, lead) Sulfuric acid, arsenic, cyanide used to extract gold

18. Biomagnification The accumulation of toxins (pesticides, metals, industrial chemicals) in tissues of larger consumers as you move up the food chain Why? Organisms at top of food chain need to eat huge amounts of smaller organisms to survive

19. Case Study: Great Lakes Cultural eutrophication from sewage, fertilizer, phosphate detergents Mercury from coal-fired power plants Pesticides from farms PCBs and other industrial chemicals Zebra mussels! Native species are toast

20. Sediment Pollution Main Cause: Deforestation of steep slopes and/or land near rivers Effects: Less photosynthesis Clogs gills of fish

21. Thermal pollution Warm water doesn’t hold O2 as well Fish can go into thermal shock Also speeds up metabolism and need for O2 in consumers Sources: Wastewater from nuclear power plants (used to cool fuel rods) Dams cause water to become stagnant

22. Biomagnification Lab Due Today!

23. FRQ

24. Due Next Time Finish FRQ Sewage Treatment Online Activity