1. Business and Environment Course Business and Society Chiara Certomà c.certoma@sssup.it

2. 1. Emergence and content of key global environmental principles as defined by major U.N. declarations 2. Mainstreaming process of green regime that opened up the opportunity for business to commit in biodiversity and ecosystems protection initiatives through regulatory measures in dedicated international policy framework 3. Critiques toward this “green managerialism” at the light of the environmental justice theory outline

3. “just sustainability” “environmental governance” Limits to growth Sustainable development Contestation Green regimes Conservation Restoration “place transformation” Key passages:

4. 1. The emergence of the environmental thinking ’60 Modern environmental thinking XIX Proto-ecology (von Humboldt, Moebious) XVII Colonialism XVIII-XIX Romanticism and trascendentalism (Rousseau, Herder, Goethe, Toureau, Just ) Movements: Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, WWF, Green Pirates, Global Ecovillages Network … 1960 Ecosistem Ecology (Odum, Margalef) 1960 Global Ecology (Lovelock, Margulis) XIX Antropogeography 1930 Ecology (Tansley, Vernadskij, Hutkinson) Population (Erlich 1968) Growth (Meadows et al. 1972) Pollution (Carson 1962) Alternative economics (Commoner 1972) Social values (Naess 1989) …

5. Stockholm UN Conferences 1972 “sustainable development” U.N. summits (Rio 1992, Johannesburg 2002, Rio+20) Environmental regimes institutions, political theory and parties (Dobson, 1995; Wissemburg, et al., 1999) carrying capacity, principles of precaution and responsibility, ecological footprint, environmental rights … Green Managerialism Environmental diplomacy (World Conservation Strategy, 1980; Aalborg Charter, 1994; Kyoto Conference, 1997; Aja Conference, 2000; Bali, 2007…)

6. Stockholm Conference 1972 Conference on Environment and Development Rio de Janiero 1992 Climate convention Convention on Biodiversity Statement on Forest Principles Rio Declaration Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol, 1997 joint implementation, clean development mechanism emission trading World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg 2002 Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development and the Plan of Implementation Partnership (governments, industry and NGOs) South concerned with environmental issues; North support economic globalization Rio+20, 2012

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnjx6KETmi4

8. http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/m ost-admired/2012/full_list/ Further check: http://www.apple.com/supplierresponsibility/en vironment.html http://www.amazon.com/b/ref=gw_m_b_corpr es?ie=UTF8&node=13786321 http://www.google.com/green/ http://www.coca- colacompany.com/stories/sustainability- reports http://www.ibm.com/ibm/environment/ 2. Mainstreaming

11. 3. critiques

12. a) CSR is business as usual

13. b) greenwashing ENI Implementation of Global Compact: http://enifor2011.eni.com/communication-on-progress/l-implementazione- dei-principi-del-global-compact/l-ambiente.aspx?sc_lang=en Company’s principles: http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/environment/environmental- management/environmental-management.shtml Nigeria: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUncWZFhLoc

14. c) environmental justice critique

15. Environmental Injustice is determined by the unequal distribution of environmental hazard, damages and risks overlapping the spatial distribution of population characters Environmental conflicts are those conflicts, which originate in the control of natural resources. Conflicts refer to struggles over the burdens of pollution or over the sacrifices made to extract resources, and they are determined by inequalities of income and power