1. READ 10 MIN

2. Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment By 1500's learned of scientific advantages in Arab world, started to propose theories and test those theories and called it scientific revolution TPS Why do you think people were open to new ideas of the time, what things were happening that made them open up to things? In wake of scientific revolution, new ways of thinking prompted scholars to reevaluated old notions about other aspects in society Sought new insight on beliefs about government, religion, economics, education. This spurred the enlightenment – a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. Known also as the Age of Reason

3. Enlightenment Spreads Partner Jigsaw

4. Britain & It’s American Colonies Philosophers like Voltaire considered England's gov’t the most progressive in Europe. Since the Glorious Revolution they considered a king w/ power was ideal. Colonists disagreed. Colonies thriving under King George III 1700 – 250,000, 1770 - 2,150,00 Colonists had a new sense of Independence. By mid 1700s had been there for 150 years, each colony had it’s own government and saw themselves as Virginians or Pennsylvanians instead of British. Still British subjects. In 1651 British Parliament passed a trade law called the Navigation Act – prevented colonists from selling their most valuable products to any country except Britain TPS Why might Parliament want to restrict American colonial trade?

5. Americans Win Independence 1754 French & Indian War breaks out Britain expected colonists to pay the huge debt for the war because they benefited from Britain’s victory. 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act – colonists had to pay a tax to have an official stamp put on wills, deeds, newspapers, and other printed materials. Colonies outraged, argued that they had never had to pay a direct tax to the British Gov’t before. Argued it violated their natural rights, accused the British of “Taxation without Representation”. In Britain citizens consented to taxes through their rep in Parliament, colonists had no representation in Parliament therefore they could not be taxed Boston Tea Party – George III closed Boston Harbor 1 st Continental Congress gathered (except Georgia) to discuss treatment of Boston, complaints were not heard so 2 nd Continental Congress formed April 19, 1775; Lexington & Concord, 2 nd Congress voted to raise an army and give command to a Virginian named George Washington

6. Used Enlightenment ideals to justify Independence. The tyrant in Britain was not providing the same rights to them that English citizens received. He broke the social contract July 1776 Second Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence. Written by political leader Thomas Jefferson filled with ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment Shortly after went to war, American ragtag army won for multiple Reasons 1.American’s motivation for fighting was much stronger than that of the British (defending their homeland) 2.Overconfident British generals made several mistakes 3.Time itself was on the side of the Americans, fighting an overseas war 3,000 miles from London. What is the problem with that? TPS Expensive, citizens in Britain got weary of paying heavy taxes. Louis XVI of France didn’t care for Americans ideals of Independence but was willing to do anything to take down rival England. Key to victory.

7. Americans Create a Republic Shortly after Independence created a government known as the Articles of Confederation. Articles of confederation was a weak confederation States held most of the power. No Executive/Judicial, only Congress. Each state had one vote, 9 of 13 needed to pass legislation No power to tax No power to regulate Trade Problems arose with tariffs on interstate goods, veterans complaining they had not been paid, the gov’t had to borrow money from the states to function etc. May 1787 held the first Constitutional Convention to revise the Articles of Confederation.

8. The new Government Established government with three separate branches Legislative, Judicial, Executive. This provided a built in system of checks and balances – each branch checking the actions of the other two. Set up a federal system – power divided between national and state governments. Federalism Approval of constitution required 9 of 13 states. Federalists v. Antifederalists. Bill of Rights – first 10 Amendments of the constitution added to please the supporters of the states. Provided basic freedoms such as speech, press, assembly, religion. With the constitution first time optimistic view that reason and reform could prevail, progress was inevitable. Swept to Europe. Monarchies and privileged didn’t give up power and position easily.

9. Revolution Video

10. Come to America! Early colonies were run by companies that had a large interest in the colonies’ lasting success. When England took over the colonies, it had a large strategic and economic interest in the colonies’ success. Lets Discuss… What’s the various attractions of America during the colonial period. In each group of 4 one student will be a designer, another an artist, another a letterer and the final a fact checker (look up and verify the historical accuracy of the images. Each group will create a print advertisement to convince people to settle in America. Advertisements should showcase the attractions of America and feature a large slogan. Present