1. Q UICK W RITE “My generation of radicals and breakers-down never found anything to take the place of the old virtues of work and courage and the old graces of courtesy and politeness.” F. Scott Fitzgerald Write in your notebooks a response to the quote. When writing, think about these questions: What do you think his generation did instead of these “old virtues” and “old graces?” Why do you think Fitzgerald and his generation felt this way?

2. W HAT IS M ODERNISM ? Just like Realism after the Civil War, a new literary movement emerged with WWI. Modernism is the period between the 1910’s and 1930’s. Writers changed… Writers privileged their dedication to craft over traditional beliefs Literature changed… Instead of predictable structures and rhythms, modern writing was sometimes chaotic, its structures both ironic and whimsical

3. W HO W ERE M ODERNISTS ? The big names of Modernism: Ezra Pound T. S. Eliot Virginia Woolf James Joyce Gertrude Stein William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald What do they have in common? Most are expatriates Focus on: Fragmented People War Shattering Society A Rebellious Generation Rejection of form and definitions

4. T HE L OST G ENERATION Who were the writers of the Lost Generation? Ezra Pound T. S. Eliot Gertrude Stein William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Group of American writers in the Post-World War One era who were: Disillusioned by World War One. Displeased with American social values, sexual and aesthetic conventions, and established morality There was a loss of traditional values, a loss of belief in the idea of human progress, and a mood of ineffectuality and despair leading to hedonism. Expatriates Fled to France, England, and Rome All pioneered new ways of writing, rebelling against the traditional Victorian literary style.

5. T. S. E LIOT T. S. Eliot is a poet and playwright most famous for: The Waste Land The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock Hollow Men Old Man Possum’s Book of Practical Cats

6. Q UICK F ACTS ABOUT H EMINGWAY Born: July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. Graduated from high school in 1917 Immediately after graduation, he began working as a cub journalist for the Kansas City Star

7. H EMINGWAY AND WWI Hemingway signed up to be a volunteer ambulance driver and was accepted in December of 1917. April of 1918 he left his job at the paper and sailed to Europe in May. June 4 th, 1918 Hemingway arrives at Schio, Italy and to Red Cross Ambulance Section 4. July 8 th, 1918 Hemingway is wounded by a trench mortar shell while handing out cigarettes, chocolate, and postcards to Italian troops. Summer- Fall 1918 Hemingway has two operations and gets more than 200 pieces of shrapnel removed from his legs. January 4 th, 1918 Hemingway is discharged and heads back to America

8. W RITING A F AREWELL TO A RMS March 1928 (TEN YEARS LATER) Hemingway begins writing A Farewell to Arms The first copy he sends to his friend, Dr. Carlos Guffey, says he started it in Paris January 22, 1929 he completes his novel May-October 1929 the book is published in Scribner’s in six parts (parts 2 and 3 are banned in Boston).

9. I S T HIS A B IOGRAPHY ? Hemingway did… Get wounded while driving ambulances for the American Red Cross Have a nurse that he fell in love with, Agnes von Kurowsky Hemingway did not… Experience the Italian army’s retreat from Caporetto (ch 28 – 30) He was 18 working in Kansas City Have his nurse love him the same way He was 19 and she was 27. According to letters and diary entries, the love affair was never consummated. She also did not think of it as anything serious or loving.

10. H EMINGWAY ON W RITING W AR S TORIES “Buy or borrow a good history book of the war. Study it carefully and you will be able to talk intelligently on any part of the front. In fact, you will more than once be able to prove to the average returned veteran a pinnacle of inaccuracy if not unveracity. The average soldier has a very abominable memory for names and dates. Take advantage of this. With a little conscientious study you should be able to prove to the man who was at first and second Ypres that he was not there at all. You, of course, are aided in this by the similarity of one day to another in the army.” ( Toronto Star Weekly )