2. historic vs. historical

3. a historic building im portant in history historic vs. historical al l in the past, important or not a historical novel

4. Any past event is ________, but only the most memorable ones are _____.

5. Any past event is historical, but only the most memorable ones are historic.

6. 역사적으로 중요한, 역사에 남을 만한, 역사적인 a historic building / monument 역사적으로 중요한 건물 / 기념비 a historic occasion / decision / day / visit / victory 역사적인 행사 / 결정 / 날 / 방문 / 승리 역사적, 역사상의, 역사학의, 역사와 관 련된 I have been doing some historical research. 나는 역사 관련 연구를 해 오고 있다. Was Robin Hood a historical figure? 로빈 후드가 ( 역사적으로 ) 실제 존재했던 인물인 가요 ?

8. In the summer of 1861, Carleton Watkins, one of the most renowned photographers of his era, traveled to Yosemite Valley in California in the U.S.A. He photographed the area’s breathtaking natural landscapes and distinctive geography. renown n. 명성 have renown for ~ 로 유명하다, 명성이있 다 renowned a. 유명한, 명성있는 well known

9. People all over the country were astonished by his photos, which motivated others to visit the area. Watkins’ photos also brought about something much more significant., and they Bring about ~ 을 유발하다, 초래하다 = make something happen

10. In 1864, California Senator John Conness, who possessed a set of Watkins’ photo prints, drafted the Yosemite Grant Bill. The bill proposed something totally new in history: setting aside a large part of Yosemite Valley for public use., and he draft 초안을 작성하다 set aside ~ 을 따로 떼어두다 for public use 공적 사용을 위해

11. That same year, the bill was signed by President Abraham Lincoln. sign 서명하다 to indicate that you agree with what is written or that you were present as a witness

13. land grant ① 정부로부터 토지 등이 무상으 로 주어져 설립된 ② 정부가 주는 땅 ③ 무상 불하지

14. The Yosemite Grant Bill was based on the idea that wilderness should be preserved for future generations. This differed from the attitude that Americans had previously shown towards nature. be based on~ ~ 에 기초하다, 근거하다 the idea that S+V ~ 라는 생각 ( 동격의 that) preserve 보존하다 Previously 이전에

15. Until the mid-1850s, pioneers and settlers of America had been clearing forests/ along the East Coast/ for over a century. This was based on the belief that humans had the right/ to exploit the country’s wilderness. clear v. 치우다, 제거하다 the belief that S+V ~ 라는 믿음 ( 동격의 that) exploit 개발하다, ( 부당하게 ) 이용하다

16. It was clear/ that securing the land for preservation would not be good for economic growth. In this situation, Watkins’ photos brought about changes in public opinion. The bill had support from the government, businesses, and naturalists. secure 안전하게 지키다 economic 경제의 economical 경제적인, 실속 있는

17. economic 경제의 economical 경제적인, 실속 있는 the government's ___________ policy 정부 경제 정책 It would be more ___________ to buy the bigger size. 큰 것을 사는 것이 더 경제적일 것이다

18. economic 경제의 economical 경제적인, 실속 있는 the government's economic policy 정부 경제 정책 It would be more economical to buy the bigger size. 큰 것을 사는 것이 더 경제적일 것이다

19. It became an important first step/ toward establishing Yellowstone as the first national park in America in 1872. It was followed by Yosemite, General Grant, and Sequoia, which each became national parks as well. follow = go/do/happen after be followed by 그리고나서 이어 Yosemite, General Grant, and Sequoia followed it(Yellowstone).

20. Someone is following me. 뒤따르다, 나중에 가다 주어 + be followed by +B 주어는 B 에 의해 따라와진다, 쫓긴다 ( 어색 ) ( 앞에서 뒤로 읽으면서 ) ~ 하고 나서 나중 에 ~ 하다 저녁 먹고 나서 춤 Dinner is followed by dancing. Winter is followed by Spring. 겨울이 지나고 봄이 옴

21. The soap opera will follow the news. The news will be followed by the soap opera. 드라마가 뉴스를 따를 것이다. 뉴스에 이어 드라마가 방영 될거다.

22. Without Watkins’ photos, the lawmakers might not have been inspired/ to conserve these areas and protect the natural beauty of the country. might have p.p ( 과거 ) ~ 였을지도 모른다 inspire 영감을 주다 motivate, stimulate conserve 보호 / 보존하다 preserve

23. Without+ 명사, 주어 would have p.p ~ 이 없었다면, ~ 이었을지도 모른다 Without + 명사, 주어 would v. ~ 이 없다면, ~ 일지도 모른다

27. Margaret Bourke-White was working for Life Magazine in 1946/ when she was given a rare opportunity to photograph Mahatma Gandhi. He was the leader of India at a time when it was struggling to achieve independence from Britain. work for ~ 에서 일하다 rare 드문 struggle 투쟁하다, 싸우다

28. She met him at his home in India, where the photo shoot turned out to be a much stiffer challenge than she had expected., and there Photo shoot 사진 촬영 Stiff 심한, 힘든 difficult or severe Challenge 도전 sthg difficult

29. Things were difficult from the beginning. First, Gandhi’s secretaries told Bourke-White/ that she could not photograph Gandhi in front of his spinning wheel/ until she learned how to use it herself. Spinning wheel 물레

30. The spinning wheel was a symbol of India’s independence from Britain’s textile industry, and it symbolized the goal of people making their own clothing. Symbolize 상징하다 Textile industry 섬유산업

31. Next, she was told not to speak to Gandhi/ because it was his day of silence. Plus, she could only use three flashbulbs during the whole shoot /because Gandhi was not fond of bright lights. Flashbulb ( 카메라의 ) 플래시 전구 Shoot 사진촬영 Fond 애정을 느끼는, 좋아하는 Be fond of ~ 을 좋아하다

32. Bourke-White successfully spun thread and agreed to the other requests, but then she had problems with her camera equipment/ due to India’s humid weather. Spin–spun-spun ( 실을 ) 잣다 make thread Agree to n. 응하다, 승낙하다 say yes Request 요청, 요구 Due to ~ 때문에 Humid ( 날씨가 ) 습한

33. Finally, she was ready to shoot. To her disappointment, however, her first two shots did not turn out well. On the first try, the flashbulb broke, and on the second, she made a mistake with her camera. Luckily, her third and final shot was successful. To one’s disappointment, 실망스럽게도, Break 고장나다

34. The image of a thin frail man sitting on the floor by his spinning wheel became a historic portrait of the great leader. It was also one of the last portraits of Gandhi, as he was killed less than two years/ after the photo was taken. Frail ( 노인이 ) 노쇠한 not strong or healthy Less than~ ~ 보다 적은

35. On September 4, 1957, photojournalist Will Counts photographed a young black woman, named Elizabeth Eckford, as she walked to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A. The 15-year-old Eckford had just been turned away by Arkansas National Guardsmen/ after she attempted to enroll at the all-white high school. Turn away 외면하다, 거부 ( 거절 ) 하다 National Guardsman 주 방위군 병사

36. Had done(p.p) 1. 대과거 ( 과거 두 사건에 대해서 먼저 일 어난 사건에 사용 ) 2. 과거완료 ( 과거 한 시점에 대해 현재완료 용법처럼 쓰일 때, 뭔가 과거와 연관되어 있음, ~ 한 적 있었어,~ 해왔었어, 막 ~ 했었어 …) My girlfriend had left the library when I got there. I wasn’t hungry. I’d just finished dinner.

37. I didn’t want to go out. I’d been very tired. 나 피곤했었거든 ( 그때 ). I had no money. I had lost my wallet. 지갑 잃어버렸었거든 ( 그때 ).

38. In 1954, the court had declared (that) it was unfair to create separate schools on the basis of race. Despite the court’s judgment, several states in the South, including Arkansas, refused to desegregate. Separate 분리하다, 나누다 a. 분리된 Desegregate 인종차별정책을 철폐하다 Segregate 분리하다, 차별하다

39. The photo also depicts a young white woman, Hazel Bryan Massery angrily yelling at Eckford/ as she made her way through the hostile crowd. Depict 그리다, 묘사하다 Yell at ~ 에게 고함치다, 소리지르다 Make one’s way ( 길을 ) 나아가다 Hostile 적대적인

40. On October 25, 1997, the two women joined together/ to speak about peace in honor of the 40 th anniversary of the school desegregation effort. It was Counts that(who) arranged for the two women to reunite. [Counts arranged for the two women to reunite.] In honor of ~ 을 기념하여, 축하하여 Desegregation 인종차별폐지 Reunite 재회 ( 재결합 ) 하다

41. On that day, Counts photographed them once again/ in front of Little Rock Central High School, but this time, they were smiling at each other, standing side by side. Although this was the first time/(when) the two women had met face to face, it was not the first time/(when) they had spoken. Stand side by side 나란히 서 있다

42. Massery had called Eckford on the phone years earlier and apologized for what she had done 40 years prior. ~ 하는 것 the thing which Prior 이전에 earlier Apologize 사과하다

43. Without these two photos, we might not have had such a clear example of changing racial attitudes toward African-Americans in the U.S.A. If it had not been for these two photos, But for these two photos, ~ 가 없었다면 Racial 인종 ( 민족 ) 의 Attitude 태도, 사고방식

44. The photos show us that the world may not be perfect, but society is headed in the right direction/ thanks to the power of courage, equality, and forgiveness. Head 가다, 향하다 In the right direction 옳은 방향으로 Thanks to ~ ~ 덕분에 ( 때문에 )

45. If you are heading for a particular place, you are going towards that place. In American English, you can also say that you are headed for a particular place.

46. The Pulitzer Prize is an award/ (which is) considered one of the most respected honors/ in journalism, literature, and music. It was established/ by an American newspaper publisher/ named Joseph Pulitzer. Consider A B A 를 B 라고 여기다 A is considered B A 는 B 라고 여겨진다 Respected 훌륭한, 존경받는

47. Respective 각각의 Respectable 존경할 만한 approved of by society and considered to be morally correct He came from a perfectly respectable middle-class family. Respectful 존경심을 보이는, 공손한 If you are respectful, you show respect for someone. The children in our family are always respectful to their elders.

48. He left money/ in his will/ to Columbia University/ to launch a journalism school/ and establish the Prize. $250,000 was allocated to the prize and scholarships. Launch 시작 / 개시 / 착수하다 Allocate 할당하다 Scholarship 장학금

49. The first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded/ in 1917, and there are currently 21 categories. Award 상, 수여하다 Currently 현재 Category 분류

50. The winner of the award receives a certificate and $10,000. Famous winners of the Pulitzer Prize include President John F. Kennedy, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and Robert Frost. Pulitzer medals are also given to newspapers/, which can win the Public Service category., and they Certificate 증명서 Public service 공공서비스, 공익사업

51. The Pulitzer Prize for Photography was started in 1942. The first winner of the award was Milton Brooks, for his photo Ford Strikers Riot. Strike 치다, 파업하다 Striker 파업 중인 노동자, 파업 참가자 Riot 폭동

52. Later, the Pulitzer Prize for Photography was divided into two categories: the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography and the Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography (now called the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography). Feature 특집 ( 기사, 방송 ) Spot news ( 최신의 ) 속보뉴스, 긴급뉴스 Breaking news 뉴스 속보

53. Many Pulitzer-Prize-winning photographs have become famous/ due to their historical importance and symbolism.