1. Anaphora- repetition that occurs when the first word or set of words in one sentence, clause, or phrase is/are repeated at the beginning of successive sentences, clauses, or phrases. "To raise a happy, healthy, and hopeful child, it takes a family; it takes teachers; it takes clergy; it takes business people; it takes community leaders; it takes those who protect our health and safety. It takes all of us." -- Hillary Clinton, 1996 Democratic National Convention Address "What we need in the United States is not division. What we need in the United States is not hatred. What we need in the United States is not violence and lawlessness; but is love and wisdom and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of justice toward those who still suffer within our country whether they be white or whether they be black." -- Robert F. Kennedy, Announcing the death of Martin Luther King

2. Epistrophe- Not to be confused with ApostropheApostrophe Epistrophe, also known as epiphora is a figure of speech and the opposite of anaphora. It is the repetition of the same word or words at the end of successive phrases, clauses or sentences. It is an extremely emphatic device because of the emphasis placed on the last word in a phrase or sentence.figure of speechanaphoraphrasesclausesemphasis Examples "What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny compared to what lies within us." — Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson ""There's not a liberal America and a conservative America; there's the United States of America. There's not a black America and white America and Latino America and Asian America; there's the United States of America." — Barack Obama at the 2004 Democratic National ConventionBarack ObamaDemocratic National Convention

3. Use the definitions/ examples to help you identify the following examples of parallelism as anaphora or epiphora or both and tell what word or phrase is repeated. Label the one example of contrast and tell what opposites are listed. Examples taken from Cry, The Beloved Country ________________________________________________ 1.“not too many cattle feed upon it; not too many fires have burned it.” 2.“Keep it, guard it, care for it, for it keeps men, guards men, cares for men.” 3.It is not kept, or guarded, or cared for; it no longer keeps men, guards men, cares for men.” 4.“The lightning flashes over them, the clouds pour down upon them, the dead streams come to life, full of red blood.” 5. “The men are away, the young men and girls are away.”