1. American and Texas Government: Policy and Politics, 10/e By Neal Tannahill Copyright @ 2010, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. History of Federalism http://www.cas.sc.edu/poli/courses/scgov/History_of_ Federalism.htm http://www.cas.sc.edu/poli/courses/scgov/History_of_ Federalism.htm Copyright @ 2010, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. Case Study: No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind is a federal law requiring standardized testing in reading and math. Schools report results overall, and within subgroups by race and income. Pro – Children deserve access to good education, no matter where they live Con – Local control yields better results than a one-size- fits-all federal program What is the proper role of the federal government in education? Copyright @ 2010, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

5. Constitutional Basis of Federalism Powers of the National Government Delegated or enumerated powers are spelled out Implied powers are derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause Legislative –Article I Executive –Article II Judicial – Article III National Supremacy – Article IV Copyright @ 2010, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Constitutional Basis of Federalism Constitutional Status of the States Article IV – Full Faith and Credit Clause (recognition of same sex marriages?) Article IV – Privileges and Immunities Clause The U.S. is a republic – a representative democracy. The 10 th Amendment reserves powers to states and individuals States’ Rights/National Supremacy Controversy Advocates of states’ rights see the Constitution as a compact between sovereign states, which limits the powers of the national government. Critics say consistent national policy and control is more fair and more effective Copyright @ 2010, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Constitutional Basis of Federalism The Federal System and the Supreme Court McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Dred Scott (1857) New Deal decisions (1930s) Commerce Clause – congressional power “to regulate commerce … among the several states.” Modern rulings: Gun-Free School Zones Act (1990), Brady Act (1997) Copyright @ 2010, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

8. Federal Grant Programs Program Adoption Program Adoption Federal projects and programs are created through the congressional authorization process. Federal projects and programs are created through the congressional authorization process. Their funding comes through the annual appropriations process. Their funding comes through the annual appropriations process. Types of Federal Programs Types of Federal Programs Federal programs come in a variety of forms, including categorical and block grant programs. Federal programs come in a variety of forms, including categorical and block grant programs. Some federal programs, including Medicaid and Social Security, are entitlement programs, providing benefits to all persons qualified to receive them. Some federal programs, including Medicaid and Social Security, are entitlement programs, providing benefits to all persons qualified to receive them. Some funding comes through competitive project grant programs, while other money is distributed through formula grant programs. Some funding comes through competitive project grant programs, while other money is distributed through formula grant programs. Copyright @ 2010, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. Federal Grant Programs (cont.) Grant Conditions Grant Conditions Many grant programs are based on the idea of matching funds. Many grant programs are based on the idea of matching funds. Congress can also impose federal mandates on recipients of federal funds. Congress can also impose federal mandates on recipients of federal funds. Copyright @ 2010, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Conclusion: Federalism and Public Policy Agenda Building – U.S. has thousands of interconnected governments, each developing agendas and influencing each other Policy Formulation and Adoption – Federal policy has a tremendous impact on state and local policy. Consider the potential fiscal impact of federal healthcare policy. Policy Implementation and Evaluation – No Child Left Behind is a strict federal evaluation of local school district policy (and state school funding policy) Copyright @ 2010, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.