1. JROTC
Introduction to Maps

2. 5 Objectives Geography and Earth Science Introduction to Maps
Unit
Geography and Earth Science
Introduction to Maps
Objectives
Define map
Identify symbols, colors, and features on standard road maps
Identify locations on a city and state map
Communicate directions to specified sites using a city and state map
Chapter 2: Maps, Map Reading, and Land Navigation
Lesson 1: Introduction to Maps

3. INTRODUCTION TO MAPS PURPOSE
Reading a Map will strengthen your awareness of the world around you
Need a basic understanding of them, their scales, symbols, and colors
Orient a map by matching manmade or natural features with map symbols

4. DEFINITION OF A MAP AND MAP READING
A map is a line drawing of a portion of the earth’s surface, as seen from above.
Maps are drawn “to scale”.
Set measurement on the scale representing a set amount of the earth’s surface.

5. Types of Map city or state road maps geographic maps/atlases
topographic maps

6. City or State Road Maps Provide information: Street names
Important buildings
Route numbers
Distance
Recreational or historical areas

7. ROAD MAPS

8. Geographic Maps / Atlas
Overall view of the mapped area in relation to climate, population, relief, and/or vegetation
Atlas is a collection of geographic maps of regions, countries, continents, or the world
Not as accurate as city or state maps.

9. Topographic Map Show terrain and landforms
Show elevations of these features
Elevation is normally indicated by contour lines or changes in color
Most commonly used in the military.

10. Map Margin Information
Instructions on a map
Outer edge of a map
Maps are not the same
Read the marginal information carefully every time you use a different map

11. Bar Scales
Bar scales are special rulers used to measure ground distance on a map
Scales may vary with each map (miles and kilometers)

12. Legend Illustrating and identifying mapped features using symbols
These symbols are not the same on every road map.

13. Map Symbols Mapmakers use symbols to represent map features
Made to look as closely as possible like the actual features
The legend indicates the meanings of the symbols that are used on a map

14. Common Symbols
Roads: Indicated by parallel or solid lines. Thickness and color of these symbols indicate the road size.
Interchanges: Indicated by a heavy solid line for major access roads and parallel lines for intersecting secondary roads. Legends also illustrate full, partial, and no access at these interchanges.
Railroads: Commonly shown by single or parallel lines with horizontal tick marks.
Water Features: Normally shown in blue and take the approximate shape of the feature.

15. Common Symbols
Buildings: Vary from map to map according to the purpose of the map or building.
Schools and churches are commonly represented by a solid square with a flag or cross
Hospitals may be shown by a cross
Universities and colleges may have a special symbol
Points of Interest: Indicated by a special marking and its name; for example, a historical marker.
Airports: Normally shown by a picture of an airplane.

16. MAP COLORS
Map symbols are usually printed in different colors with each color identifying a class of features.
Colors may vary from one map to another.
Mapmakers indicate these colors and their uses in the marginal information

17. Map Colors Basic colors used on most road maps
Black: Indicates the majority of man-made features: buildings or roads.
Blue: Identifies water features: lakes, swamps, or rivers.
Brown: Identifies elevation and relief features: mountain ranges.
Green: Identifies vegetation: woods, grassland, brush, orchards, or vineyards
Red: Classifies man-made features: populated areas, main roads, special features, or boundaries on older maps

18. Orienting a Map
Finding your way requires the ability to read and interpret a map, compare it to the features on the ground, and move to the desired location.
Comparing your map to the ground is to orient it so that the map symbols fit the terrain and landmarks as they appear on the ground.
A properly oriented map can also indicate direction

19. Orient your Map
Determine your location using at least two known points.
Bridge / park entrance / river
Locate these same features on your map.
Rotated map until the symbol for the river points in the same direction as the river in front of you
Ensure that the park entrance is correctly aligned.
Check to see if the map symbol for the park entrance is on the right side of the road

20. ROAD MAPS
DIRECTIONS PLEASE

21. Write Format & brief your route accordingly
Start at _______________ (Town Name)
Head (N, S, E, W or combo) to (Town Name) along Route/HWY (Number)
Repeat as required
Arrive at _______________ (Town Name)
Write Format & brief your route accordingly
Team 1: Conasauga to La Follette Team 7: Maryville to Greer
Team 2: Hendersonville to Lake City Team 8: Oneida to Erwin
Team 3: Elizabethton to Sylva Team 9: Rockwood to Brevard
Team 4: Franklin to Morristown
Team 5: Asheville to Jamestown
Team 6: Clarksrange to Spruce Pine