1. Ch. 3.3 - Islam After Muhammad’s Death
EQ: What happened to the spread of Islam after Muhammad’s death?

2. Muhammad’s Accomplishments
Muhammad became an important religious, military, and political leader
Spread Islam to most of Arabian Peninsula
Muhammad died in 632 leaving Muslims without a leader

3. Abu Bakr (Ah*boo Bah*kuhr)
Muhammad’s father in-law and trusted friend
Respected for devotion to Muhammad and Islam
Elected as Muhammad’s successor after Muhammad’s death

4. Abu Bakr accomplishments
In 632 became first caliph (kay*lihf)
Caliph = title that mean “successor”, a civil and religious ruler
Used military force to reunite Muslim community that had begun to fall apart after Muhammad’s death

5. The “rightly guided” caliphs
Abu Bakr and next 3 elected caliphs – Umar, Uthman, and Ali
Used military conquest in other regions to continue to spread Islam
Empire grew 4 times in size under these caliphs, included all of Southwest Asia and stretched into N. Africa

6. Success of the Muslim Military
Believed Allah supported them
Energized by faith, willing to fight to spread Islam
Highly skilled military leaders
Empires they conquered already weakened from war with each other
Muslims let conquered peoples keep their own religions if they wanted to because the Qur’an did not allow forced conversions

7. Muslim Rule

8. Blending of many cultures Many peoples converted to Islam
Attracted to Islam’s message of equality and hope for salvation in Heaven
Wanted economic benefit – Muslims didn’t have to pay certain taxes
People of the book (Jews and Christians) received special treatment:
Paid a poll tax each year in exchange for not having to perform military duties
Held important roles in the Muslim state as officials and scholars

9. Summary Go back through each section and write one-two sentences.
Refer to your “mini-sheet” to make sure you have all your key words.