1. Fostering Entrepreneurial Mindsets in Education and Training Tunis, 16 December 2008 Christian WEINBERGER Entrepreneurship & SME Policy Adviser

2. The Political Background Lisbon Agenda for Growth and Employment 120% of new Jobs are created by SMEs Lack of readiness of Europeans to become Entrepreneur Mindsets are formed at early age

3. How desireable is it for you to become self- employed in the comming 5 years? Source: Flash Eurobarometer 192, January 2007 Base: all respondents

4. Women and people over 55 are less eager to start a business than men and young people Source: Flash Eurobarometer 192, December 2006 - January 2007 Base: those who did not answer „self-employed“

5. Over half of the youth is keen to follow an entre- preneurial route, particularly in new Member States Source: Flash Eurobarometer 192, December 2006 - January 2007 Base: those who did not answer „self-employed“

6. Obstacles Administrative procedures to start-up Lack of finance Wealth of legal requirements on businesses, products and services (bureaucracy) Personal financial uncertainties  Bureaucracy and Finances

7. Digging deeper Inertia Lack of self confidence Doubts in own skills Too long working hours Dont have a business idea Fear of Failure  Mindset / Attitude

8. So why do it? Personal independence Self-fullfillment Freedom to chose place and time of working Better income perspectives A business opportunity  Opportunity Entrepreneurship

9. More people in 2007 than in 2004 see the chance to start up a business as an opportunity Source: Flash Eurobarometer 192, December 2006 - January 2007 Base: those who prefer to be „self-employed“

10. Entrepreneurship Types Source : (GEM) Adult Population Survey and IMF

11. To enterprise Entrepreneurship refers to an individual’s ability to turn ideas into action. It includes  creativity,  innovation and  risk acceptance,  as well as the ability to plan and manage projects in order to achieve objectives. This supports everyone in day-to-day life at home and in society, makes employees more aware of the context of their work and better able to seize opportunities, and provides a foundation for entrepreneurs establishing a social or commercial activity (Council Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning COM(2005)548) ?

12. What is “Entrepreneurship Education” ? To develop personal attributes and horizontal skills: creativity, initiative, risk-taking, autonomy, self- confidence, leadership, team-working….. Awareness of self-employment and entrepreneurship as possible career options Early contact with the world of business Learning by doing: work on concrete projects (e.g. students running mini-companies) Specific business skills: how to start and run successfully a company.

13. Skills acquired Personal skills:Business skills: Team working Basic economics Communication Financial literacy Self-confidence Developing market research Taking initiative Drafting a business plan Problem-solving Raising finance Taking calculated risk Sales techniques Leadership Running a business meeting

14. Recent activities of the EC Education for Entrepreneurship, especially in primary and secondary schools. Expert Reports and Guide Student Mini-companies in Secondary Education. Expert Report and audiovisual material Commission Communication Creation of the Oslo Agenda Entrepreneurship in Higher Education, especially in non-business studies. Entrepreneurship in Vocational Training High Level peer exchanges Call for proposals on Oslo Agenda implementation European Entrepreneurship Summer Academies

15. 2006 Commission Communication Scope: Fostering entrepreneurial mindsets through education and learning among young people from primary school to university education Objectives: Set the scene, and show good practice Identify key issues to be addressed Suggest measures, and trigger action

16. Approach Bring together evidence based on projects carried out by Commission and Member States. Highlight that good practice can be found in Europe: the challenge lies in spreading existing positive examples. Support Member States in developing a more systematic strategy.

17. Proposed action Develop a coherent framework  Reinforce cooperation between different ministries and departments  Develop a global strategy on entrepreneurship education  Include entrepreneurship in national curriculum Support for Schools and teachers  Incentives to encourage take-up of programmes.  Raise the awareness of heads of schools  Provide training to teachers and didactic material Participation by external actors and teachers  Favour links between schools and businesses  Promote the use of student mini-companies Fostering entrepreneurship in Higher education  Universities: integrate entrepreneurship across different subjects (e.g. scientific and technical)  Share and disseminate good practice.

18. Policy Instruments Open method of co-ordination: Tools: expert groups, studies, dialogue with governments and stakeholders, benchmarking, monitoring of progress, organisation of events. Objectives: To promote the exchange and dissemination of good practice; To instigate policy action in the Member States

19. Some good practice examples Finland: the entrepreneurship strategy was jointly developed by different ministries and organisations Luxembourg: the programme for all primary schools has a section on starting up a business based on a cartoon Spain: in Asturias, secondary school students run import-export mini-companies as part of the regional curriculum Netherlands and UK: government funded pilot projects in schools, then disseminated resulting good practice UK: the “Science Enterprise Challenge” aims to match entrepreneurship with science / technology in university

20. The Oslo Agenda for Entrepreneurship Education in Europe A detailed catalogue of 47 initiatives, based on successful experiences in Europe Stakeholders can pick actions at the appropriate level Relevant actors are indicated for each one of the proposed actions

22. Share of secondary schools participating in Mini-company programmes

23. Participation and impact More than 200.000 secondary school students involved every year. Typically, less than 15 % of secondary schools offer these activities. Research in Sweden and Norway: 20% of participants go on to create their own company

24. Entrepreneurship in Higher Education Expert Group set up by the Commission Experts nominated by Member States 28 countries participating European organizations as observers (EUA, ESU) In operation during 2006-2008

25. European Survey on Entrepreneurship in Higher Education 31 countries Population of HEIs: 2.709 Responses to Questionnaire: 459 HEIs with entrepreneurship education: 198 Final results: November 2008

26. Entrepreneurship in Higher Education Main findings : Entrepreneurship is not sufficiently integrated in the curricula of HEIs The majority of entrepreneurship courses are offered in business and economic studies The diffusion of entrepreneurship is particularly weak in some of the Member States that joined the EU in and after 2004

27. Teaching Tools Gap between methods applied and those that are seen as the most effective Experience-based methods are crucial: traditional pedagogies (lectures) are not the most effective Most effective methods indicated: group techniques for new business ideas, case studies, business planning workshops Essential elements: crossing boundaries between disciplines, and multi-disciplinary collaboration

28. Benchmark – Teaching & Learning

29. Main barriers

30. Some good practice examples Technical University of Munich (DE): the Entrepreneurial University (in all disciplines); University of Strathclyde (UK): entrepreneurship for students of music; Dublin Institute of Technology (IRL): traditional exam replaced by the organization of a charity event; Lahti University of Applied Science (FI): linking students with business owners looking for a successor. Wirtschaftsuniversität Vienna (AT) : teams of 3 students from WU and 3 from TU developing cases together

31. 1 – 6 months stay abroad Nascent entrepreneur New entrepreneur Existing Entrepreneur in another EU Member State European Commission in cooperation with authorities and services at national / regional level Coordination support matching Training sessions Exchange of experiences, market access, networking, intercultural learning ‘ERASMUS’ for Young Entrepreneurs

32. European SME Week 2009 European umbrella for campaign activities throughout Europe  Conferences / workshops  Open days  Public events With the objective of  informing about available EU and national support  promoting entrepreneurship 6 – 14 May 2009

33. Entrepreneurship Education Initiative Selected issues for High Level Discussion, e.g. the Competitiveness Council Peer reviews of national policy initiatives (learning from each other) Call for proposals to support measures implementing the Oslo Agenda Annual European Summer Academy for Entrepreneurship Exchange Program for Entrepreneurship professors Promoting the image of Entrepreneurs in the Media

34. Picking the Winners isn‘t easy! Not every dreamer is an achiever but Every achiever is a dreamer Jan Mulfeit, Chairman Microsoft Europe

35. Info & Contacts Entrepreneurship http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sme/promoting_en.htm Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/entrepreneurship/support_measures/erasmus Eurobarometer on Entrepreneurial Attitudes http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/enterprise_policy/survey/eurobarometer_intro.htm SME Portal http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sme/index_en.htm SBA http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/entrepreneurship/sba_en.htm Enterprise and Industry Directorate General http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/index_en.htm Entr-sme-envoy@ec.europa.eu Fax : +32.2.29.94143