2. Week 37: May 16-20, 2016 Decades of Change ENDS! (Ch. 19-24)

3. Why are we here this week? Students will complete Ch. 24 review game and individual assessment on Monday, then begin review of Unit IV: Decades of Change (4 th of 5 district exams is Monday, 5/23) Wednesday-Friday of this week experience significant schedule & attendance disruptions…PLEASE PLAN ACCORDINGLY!

4. Unit IV: Decades of Change Be ready to listen to peers, read along in textbooks, ASK questions, complete an collaborative, open-book assessment, & then participate in a learning activity. There will be an individual objective QUIZ for each chapter. The Americans Visit Robinson SHARES folder for Ch. 20-24 “ttt Society: ” answers. SKIM textbook(s). 20…New Frontier & Great Society Monday, 4/25  Wed. 4/27 21…Civil Rights: Thursday, 4/28  M/5/2 22…Vietnam Years: Tuesday, 5/3  TH/5/5 23…Era of Social Change: Friday, 5/6  T/5/10 24…Age of Limits: Wednesday, 5/11  M/5/16 Collaborative “chapter tests” will be worth 20 minor points. Chapter quizzes (5) will be worth roughly 20-25 major points. Be sure to READ & complete “ttt” questions and Alive! fill-in notes & exercises BEFORE peers teach! History Alive! Summaries (in Shares) contain fill-in NOTES. 43, 48, 49 44, 45, 46 (47) 51, 52, 53 47, 50, 55 53, 54, 55 Day 1: Teach “ttt” via PowerPoint Day 2: Socratic Symposium, followed by “textbook test” Day 3: Game, then QUIZ 4 th district exam will be on or soon after Monday, May 23 rd

5. Wednesday, Thursday, May 11-12, & Monday, May 16 2016 Decades of Change PROJECT Ch. 24: Age of Limits The Americans, Ch. 24 History Alive! Ch. 53, 54, 55 Homework: Ch. 24 “ttt” & Alive! Ch. 54 due work due Thursday Collaborative assessment 5/12; QUIZ Monday, 5/16 *Ch. 23 self & peer evaluation due Thursday!

6. Wednesday, May 11, 2016 Decades of Change PROJECT Day #1 Ch. 24: Age of Limits The Americans, Ch. 24 History Alive! Ch. 53, 54, & 55 Homework: Ch. 24 “ttt” & Alive! Ch. 54 due work due tomorrow Collaborative assessment 5/12; QUIZ Monday, 5/16 *Ch. 23 self & peer evaluation due Thursday!

7. Thursday, May 12, 2016 Decades of Change PROJECT Day #2 Ch. 24: Age of Limits Collaborative assessment…20 pts Ch. 24 “ttt” & HA Ch. 54 due…20 pts Homework: STUDY for individual QUIZ: Ch. 24: Age of Limits & Alive! Ch. 53, 54, 55 *Ch. 23 self & peer evaluation due today!

8. Friday, May 13, 2016 Computer Lab 341 STUDY DAY! Ch. 24: Age of Limits and/or Unit IV: Decades of Change “study guide in packet" Americans, Ch. 24 OR Ch. 20-24 Highlights? Alive! Ch. (53), 54, 55 Safari Montage videos? Homework: STUDY for Monday’s QUIZ: Ch. 24 & Alive! Ch. 54 & 55 *Ch. 24 game is Monday!

9. Computer Lab 341: STUDY Session Friday, May 13, 2016 Did you EMAIL mrobinso as directed? Did you PROFIT from the OPPORTUNITY? HOMEWORK: Study for Ch. 24 QUIZ, prepare for Unit IV exam on Monday, 5/23

10. Monday, May 16, 2016 Decades of Change PROJECT Day #3 Ch. 24: Age of Limits GAME DAY, then individual QUIZ…25 points The Americans, Ch. 24 History Alive! Ch. (53), 54, 55 Homework: Prepare for next Monday’s Unit IV district exam: Academic: complete study guide by 5/23 (Advanced: guide is highly recommended!) *Ch. 24 rubric self and peer evaluation due Wednesday

11. Chapter 24, Americans p. 792-827 An Age of LimitsAmericans Responses will vary but should include points similar to the following: 1. Nixon reversed past U.S. policy by opening relations with Communist China and pursued more friendly relations with the Soviet Union. 2. The cover-up of Watergate represented the president’s effort to block investigations, thus trying to put himself above the law. 3. Ford tried to end inflation with energy conservation and higher interest rates. Carter tried to use voluntary price freezes and spending cuts. 4. The debate over environmental laws focus on the need for economic development and for protection of natural resources.

12. Chapter 24 Americans, p. 792-827 An Age of LimitsAlive! P. 697-707 1. How did Nixon ease Cold War tensions? Nixon reversed past U.S. policy by opening relations with Communist China and pursued more friendly relations with the Soviet Union.

14. Chapter 24 Americans, p. 792-827 An Age of Limits 3. How did Ford and Carter try to fix economic problems, and why didn’t their plans work? Ford tried to end inflation with energy conservation and higher interest rates. Carter tried to use voluntary price freezes and spending cuts.

16. Ch. 53: Getting Out of Vietnam What lessons for Americans emerged from the Vietnam War? In 1969, President Nixon began withdrawing U.S. troops from Vietnam, but the war continued throughout his time in office. He carried on peace talks with the North Vietnamese but also ordered massive bombing of North Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. He faced ongoing protests from the antiwar movement and criticism from Congress. In 1973, the last U.S. combat forces came home. North Vietnam swept to victory over the South in 1975. Vietnamization Nixon’s Vietnamization of the war allowed for the withdrawal of U.S. troops and prepared South Vietnam to take over responsibility for the war. My Lai massacre In 1968, U.S. soldiers slaughtered hundreds of Vietnamese civilians in the village of My Lai. Reports of the massacre shocked Americans and increased antiwar protests. Kent State shootings The invasion of Cambodia in April 1970 sparked an increase in antiwar protests. The most violent one occurred the following month at Kent State University in Ohio, where National Guard troops fired into an angry crowd, killing four students. War Powers Resolution Congress reacted to Nixon’s activities in Cambodia by passing the War Powers Resolution. This resolution limits a president’s ability to send armed forces into combat. Pentagon Papers In 1971, Daniel Ellsberg leaked to the press a top-secret study of the U.S. role in Indochina. This study, the Pentagon Papers, revealed secrecy and deceit on the part of U.S. presidents. Boat people The North Vietnamese defeated South Vietnam and took control in 1975. This prompted an exodus of refugees from Indochina, many of whom fled by boat.

17. Ch. 54: The Rise and Fall of Richard Nixon What events influenced Richard Nixon’s rise to and fall from power? Richard Nixon won the presidency in 1968. While in office, he made strides toward easing the tensions of the Cold War. He also saw many of his domestic policies enacted. However, scandal forced him to resign in disgrace in 1974. New Federalism Nixon came into office determined to revive federalism. He hoped to reduce the power of the federal government and return power to the states. Revenue sharing, central to his plan, allowed state and local governments to spend tax revenues as they saw fit. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Despite his promise to shrink the federal government, Nixon created OSHA, which works to improve health and safety in the workplace. Environmental Protection Agency Another new agency, the EPA, was created to protect Americans’ health and the natural environment. Energy crisis Nixon tried to revive a stagnant economy with increased spending while fighting inflation with wage and price controls. However, an energy crisis made a bad situation worse. Détente Nixon tried to encourage détente, or a relaxation of Cold War tensions. In 1972, he visited both communist China and the Soviet Union. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty In 1972, Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev signed SALT I, the first superpower treaty to place limits on the arms race. Watergate scandal In 1972, burglars broke into Democratic headquarters in the Watergate building. The scandal over the cover-up that followed the break-in led to Richard Nixon’s resignation in 1974.

18. Ch. 55: Politics and Society in the “Me Decade” How should historians characterize the 1970s? During the 1970s, the U.S. economy suffered from stagflation as the nation faced a number of crises. The decade was also a time of changing views about everything from the environment and ethnicity to retirement and gender equality. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries A major cause of inflation was OPEC’s decision to raise the price of oil. This led to rising prices for many goods. National Energy Act In 1978, Congress tried to reduce U.S. dependence on imported oil. The National Energy Act offered incentives for conserving energy or using alternative energy sources. Camp David Accords In 1978, Jimmy Carter brokered a peace agreement between Israel and Egypt. The Camp David Accords ended the long state of war between these two countries. Earth Day The first Earth Day celebration in 1970 signaled the emergence of a new environmental movement. Followers worked to clean up and protect the environment locally and globally. Congress passed antipollution laws such as the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act. Three Mile Island accident An accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in 1978 highlighted the potential dangers of nuclear energy. Searching for meaning During the 1970s, many Americans turned inward to search for meaning. Some explored self-help movements, others new religions, and others their ethnic identity. Population changes Fewer births and longer life expectancies led to an aging of the U.S. population. The population also shifted south, as people migrated from the Rustbelt to the Sunbelt. Gender equality Women worked to gain greater equality in the workplace and politics. In growing numbers, women entered professions that had once been dominated by males.

19. Tuesday, May 17, 2016 Decades of Change Unit REVIEW Ch. 19-24: 1950s, 1960s, & 1970s History Alive! Ch. 41-55 Video & collage recaps! Ch. 19-24 “ttt,” plus summary notes (41-55) MEGA-KAHOOT game! Homework: Prepare for next Monday’s Unit IV district exam: Academic: complete study guide by 5/23 (Advanced: guide is highly recommended!) *Ch. 24 rubric self and peer evaluation due Wednesday

20. “What’s happenin’ here?” Unit IV packet  open space “filled?”

21. Unit IV: Decades of Change Essential Questions 1. How does social and cultural change impact the individual? 2. How can people change society? 3. How far should the government go to promote equality and opportunity? 4. What happens when the government loses the support of the public? 5.Did America move closer or further away from its founding ideals in the three decades after World War II? Enduring Understandings:Students will understand that… 1.People’s values and actions are by the culture that surrounds them. 2. Democracy is an ongoing process that involves and requires. 3. and can participate to influence the government and reform society, but are often met with. 4. Breaches of trust by leaders damage the public’s in government. groups struggle cooperation influenced Individuals confidence opposition

22. During this era, the United States experienced extraordinary economic growth and broad social changes. Americans got married and had babies in record numbers. Suburbs sprouted like weeds around cities. While most people saw their standard of living rise, hidden pockets of poverty remained. Beneath the calm surface of these years, rebellions were brewing. African Americans’ long battle for equality matured into a civil rights movement that would not be ignored. Once again Americans faced an old question: "When would the nation finally make the ideal that ‘all men are created equal’ a reality?" Identify & LABEL as many people & historic events as possible! Then, fill notes below collage

23. During this era, the United States experienced extraordinary economic growth and broad social changes. Americans got married and had babies in record numbers. Suburbs sprouted like weeds around cities. While most people saw their standard of living rise, hidden pockets of poverty remained. Beneath the calm surface of these years, rebellions were brewing. African Americans’ long battle for equality matured into a civil rights movement that would not be ignored. Once again Americans faced an old question: "When would the nation finally make the ideal that ‘all men are created equal’ a reality?" Identify & LABEL as many people & historic developments as possible! Fill notes below collage

24. This era began with confidence and ended in confusion. It opened with President Kennedy’s inspiring call to service. Over the next two decades, the nation would endure assassinations, an unpopular war, urban riots, political scandals, and an energy shortage. By the end of the era, President Carter would be speaking of a national "crisis in confidence." Carter’s gloom overshadowed many accomplishments. In this time, an American played golf on the moon. War was declared on poverty. Artistic expression flowered. An environmental movement took shape. Still, many Americans were left wondering, "How could the nation’s founding ideals be moved forward in such tumultuous times?" Identify & LABEL as many people & historic developments as possible! Fill notes below collage

25. This era began with confidence and ended in confusion. It opened with President Kennedy’s inspiring call to service. Over the next two decades, the nation would endure assassinations, an unpopular war, urban riots, political scandals, and an energy shortage. By the end of the era, President Carter would be speaking of a national "crisis in confidence." Carter’s gloom overshadowed many accomplishments. In this time, an American played golf on the moon. War was declared on poverty. Artistic expression flowered. An environmental movement took shape. Still, many Americans were left wondering, "How could the nation’s founding ideals be moved forward in such tumultuous times?" Identify & LABEL as many people & historic events as possible! Then, fill notes below collage

26. Using the GI bill, millions of returning soldiers got an education and bought homes in the growing suburbs. After years of denial, consumers launched a spending spree that helped fuel an economic boom. Voters grew more conservative & Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected (Truman did NOT seek re- election); “Ike” desegregated the armed forces & proposed a civil rights bill for African-Americans (awareness of racial inequality increased) Chapter 19The Postwar Boom 1. What social, economic, and political changes occurred after World War II?

27. 2. What were the benefits and costs of prosperity in the 1950s? While many enjoyed prosperity in the 1950s, including more leisure time, critics said that the new economy stifled individualism. Also, the new car culture, which gave freedom to travel and to live away from work, caused a decline of the inner cities and added pollution and traffic deaths to society’s woes. 40% of women worked outside the home by 1960

28. 3. Describe the values of 1950s popular culture and the subcultures that arose in opposition. Popular culture of the 1950s—spread largely through television but also through print media—deemphasized minorities and women. The counterculture criticized material values and conformity.

29. 4. What groups were not touched by the prosperity of the 1950s? Most African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans were denied a part in the prosperity of the 1950s.

30. Ch. 41: Peace, Prosperity, & Progress The years following World War II were a time of prosperity in the United States. As the economy boomed, fears of a return to depression conditions faded.During the 1950s, millions of working-class families became affluent enough to move up into the middle class. Fair Deal President Harry Truman guided the transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy. But he was unable to get his Fair Deal reform program approved by a Republican Congress. Taft-Hartley Act Immediately after the war, a series of labor strikes threatened to cripple the economy. In response, Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act, which limited the power of unions. Baby boom As the economy improved, Americans married and had children at record rates. The result was a baby boom that lasted from 1946 to 1964. Levittown Suburbs like Levittown attracted homebuyers by offering inexpensive houses on small lots. Suburban life revolved around the so-called traditional family, with a working dad and stay-at-home mom. Sunbelt Besides leaving cities for suburbs, Americans were also moving from northern states to the Sunbelt. California, Texas, and Florida all grew rapidly as a result. Interstate highway system A federally funded network of high-speed roads linked the nation as never before. Better roads encouraged the growth of suburbs and suburban shopping centers. Polio vaccine Medical advances such as antibiotics increased life expectancy in the 1950s. But no advance was more welcomed than the polio vaccine. This vaccine ended a decades-long battle with a much-dreaded disease that caused paralysis and death among its victims.

31. Ch. 42: Rebelling against Conformity The 1950s were widely viewed as an age of conformity. Some social critics worried that the suburbs had become wastelands of cultural conformity and materialism. However, many currents of nonconformity also swirled through this decade. Suburbia Millions of Americans moved to suburbs during the 1950s. Critics like Lewis Mumford predicted that the sameness of suburban homes would lead to a social uniformity. But for many families, a move to the suburbs was the fulfillment of the American dream. The Organization Man Sociologists William Whyte and David Riesman explored conformity in their widely read books. They argued that large corporations, suburbs, television, and peer pressure were robbing Americans of their individuality. Beat movement A group of nonconformists called beats rejected all forms of convention. Beatniks rejected all forms of traditional society. Beat writers made major contributions to American literature. Youth culture Teenagers created their own culture of nonconformity by embracing comic books, movies, music, and slang that annoyed or appalled their parents. Rock ’n’ roll This now-familiar form of music was born in the 1950s. It was rooted in African American rhythm and blues and featured simple melodies, basic chords, and a strong, danceable beat. Many parents hated rock ’n’ roll, which made it even more attractive to teenagers. Abstract expressionism Painters like Jackson Pollock broke with realism in art to create a new form known as abstract expressionism. Abstract expressionist paintings appealed to viewers’ emotions rather than their rational thought.

32. Unit IV: Decades of Change Be ready to listen to peers, read along in textbooks, ASK questions, complete an collaborative, open-book assessment, & then participate in a learning activity. There will be an individual objective QUIZ for each chapter. The Americans Visit Robinson SHARES folder for Ch. 20-24 “ttt Society: ” answers. SKIM textbook(s). 20…New Frontier & Great Society 21…Civil Rights 22…Vietnam Years 23…Era of Social Change 24…Age of Limits Collaborative “chapter tests” will be worth 20 minor points. Chapter quizzes (5) will be worth roughly 20-25 major points. Be sure to READ & complete “ttt” questions and Alive! fill-in notes & exercises BEFORE peers teach! History Alive! Summaries (in Shares) contain fill-in NOTES. 43, 48, 49 44, 45, 46, (47) 51, 52, 53 47, 50, 55 53, 54, 55 Day 1: Teach “ttt” via PowerPoint Day 2: Socratic Symposium, followed by “textbook test” Day 3: Game, then QUIZ 4 th district exam is Monday, May 23 rd !

33. Chapter 20, Americans p. 668-697 The New Frontier and the Great SocietyAmericans Responses will vary but should include points similar to the following: 1.The U.S. and Soviet Union clashed over the placement of missiles in Cuba, which resulted in their removal by the Soviets, and over access to Berlin, which resulted in the Soviets’ building of the Berlin Wall. 2. Kennedy was unable to get Congress to pass bills to provide medical care for the aged, to rebuild cities, and to aid education, but he did win support for increased defense spending, a hike in the minimum wage, and the creation of the Peace Corps. 3. Johnson’s Great Society comprised many measures such as civil rights protection, Medicare and Medicaid to provide health care for the aged and poor, funding for public housing, an end to immigration quotas, efforts to clean water, and consumer protection. 4. The Warren Court issued rulings that changed the rules for creating legislative districts and enhanced the rights of people accused of crimes.

34. 1. How did the United States and Soviet Union confront each other during Kennedy’s term and how did the situations end? The U.S. and Soviet Union clashed over the placement of missiles in Cuba, which resulted in their removal by the Soviets, and over access to Berlin, which resulted in the Soviets’ building of the Berlin Wall. Flexible response…ability to react to threats, including nonnuclear, in a variety of ways (troops, ships, artillery); explained by Sec. of Defense, Robert McNamara “hot line” between the White House and the Kremlin (Moscow) Initially, communism was advancing (US appeared weak) Bay of Pigs (Cuban exiles are trained to orchestrate a “revolution”)

35. 2. What policies did Kennedy push, and how well did he succeed in having them passed? Kennedy was unable to get Congress to pass bills to provide medical care for the aged, to rebuild cities, and to aid education, but he did win support for increased defense spending, a hike in the minimum wage, and the creation of the Peace Corps.

36. 3. Describe Johnson’s Great Society. Johnson’s Great Society comprised many measures such as civil rights protection, Medicare and Medicaid to provide health care for the aged and poor, funding for public housing, an end to immigration quotas, efforts to clean water, and consumer protection.

37. 4. What decisions were made by the Supreme Court under Earl Warren? The Warren Court issued rulings that changed the rules for creating legislative districts and enhanced the rights of people accused of crimes (Miranda rights)…”one person, one vote”

38. History Alive! Ch. 43: Two Americas Why did poverty exist in an age of influence? Michael Harrington’s The Other America revealed that despite the general affluence of the 1950s, millions of “socially visible” Americans lived in poverty. Although people’s views and understanding of poverty have changed over time, the problem persists. Defining poverty Pauperism was once considered a moral failure. Today, poverty is defined in terms of income. People below the poverty line do not have enough income to live decently. An invisible class In The Other America, Michael Harrington argued that the poor were “invisible” for many reasons. They lived apart from the middle class but looked much the same. They also played no role in politics. Urban poverty Impoverished minorities became concentrated in decaying cities when the middle class moved out. The Housing Act of 1949 launched urban renewal programs to clear out slums and build new housing. However, many of these housing projects became slums. Rural poverty The growth of agribusiness harmed many farmers. Migrant workers on corporate farms were not paid enough to lift them out of poverty. One of the poorest rural regions, Appalachia, suffered from poor farming conditions and a declining coal industry. American Indian policy Efforts by the federal government to “terminate” its responsibility for Indian tribes led to increased poverty among Native Americans. The Voluntary Relocation Program helped Indians move to cities, but many had trouble adapting to urban life. The “other America” today Despite government efforts, poverty is still a significant problem in the United States. About 37 million Americans lived in poverty in 2005. Today’s poor are younger and more diverse than those of the past. They are also more visible in society.

39. Ch. 48: The Age of Camelot Was John F. Kennedy a great president? During his brief time as president, John F. Kennedy faced many domestic and foreign challenges. His presidency began with great optimism and ended in tragedy, leaving many of his goals unfulfilled. New Frontier Kennedy’s New Frontier focused on reviving the economy, winning the space race, building the nation’s defenses, and aiding developing countries. National Aeronautics and Space Administration In 1961, Kennedy pledged to put an American on the moon by the end of the decade. In 1969, NASA achieved this bold goal. Bay of Pigs invasion Kennedy’s first foreign policy initiative, the Bay of Pigs invasion, was an attempt to remove Fidel Castro from power in Cuba. It failed miserably. Berlin Wall In 1961, a concrete barrier dividing communist East Berlin from noncommunist West Berlin became a symbol of the deepening Cold War divide. Cuban missile crisis One of the most frightening confrontations of the Cold War occurred when the United States discovered Soviet nuclear missile sites in Cuba. The crisis ended peacefully, partly due to Kennedy’s measured response and a willingness to take the nation to the brink of war. Test Ban Treaty Kennedy and Khrushchev, both determined to reduce Cold War tensions, signed a treaty banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere. Peace Corps Kennedy’s Peace Corps gave thousands of American volunteers the chance to help people in developing nations improve their lives.

40. Ch. 49: The Great Society What is the proper role of government in shaping American society? In 1964, voters elected liberal Democrat Lyndon Johnson by a wide margin. Johnson used this mandate to enact a broad program of reforms he called the Great Society. With his powers of persuasion, Johnson pushed more than 200 bills through Congress. War on Poverty Johnson’s Great Society grew out of the liberal tradition of the Progressive and New Deal eras. Its centerpiece was an ambitious War on Poverty. Economic Opportunity Act This act created a number of antipoverty measures, including the Job Corps, Project Head Start, and VISTA, which all helped cut poverty rates almost in half. Medicare and Medicaid As part of the Great Society, Congress amended the Social Security Act to include medical health insurance for the elderly and disabled. Immigration Act of 1965 This measure ended the national origins quota system begun in the 1920s. Entry to the United States was now based on criteria such as skills and family ties. Silent Spring This influential book sparked a new interest in environmentalism. As a result, Congress passed several environmental laws. “One person, one vote” The activist Warren Court changed the political landscape by insisting that states create legislative districts following the principle of “one person, one vote.” Miranda rights In a series of controversial decisions, the Warren Court expanded the rights of the accused. It ensured that people placed under arrest be informed of their rights before questioning.

41. Chapter 21, Americans p. 698-727 Civil RightsAmericans Responses will vary but should include points similar to the following: 1.The civil rights movement began with changes caused by World War II. The NAACP pushed lawsuits that won African Americans the right to desegregation in education. The Montgomery bus boycott prompted the rise of Martin Luther King, Jr., as a leader of the movement. 2. Violent attacks on civil rights workers in the South prompted President Kennedy to ask Congress for a civil rights law. A massive march on Washington and his assassination, as well as President Johnson’s skill, led to its passage. The Voting Rights Act was passed due to Johnson’s support after another massive march in the South. 3. The civil rights movement changed as it tried to dislodge de facto segregation in the North and as angrier voices called for strong resistance to white racism. 4. The civil rights movement had mixed results in that it succeeded in overturning many discriminatory laws but could not unseat entranced de facto discrimination. Many African Americans still suffer from poverty and the lack of opportunities.

42. Chapter 21 Americans, p. 698-727 Civil Rights 1. How did the civil rights movement begin? The civil rights movement began with changes caused by World War II. The NAACP pushed lawsuits that won African Americans the right to desegregation in education. The Montgomery bus boycott (Rosa Parks) prompted the rise of Martin Luther King, Jr., as a leader of the movement. -post-WW II (fairness, “real” jobs, better pay) Tuskeegee Airmen… “Redtails” -Brown v. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas (1954)

43. Chapter 21, Americans, p. 698-727 Civil Rights 2. What events led Congress to pass the Civil Rights and Voting Rights acts? Violent attacks on civil rights workers in the South prompted President Kennedy to ask Congress for a civil rights law. A massive march on Washington and his assassination, as well as President Johnson’s skill, led to its passage. The Voting Rights Act was passed due to Johnson’s support after another massive march in the South. -(“Bloody Sunday,” first of two marches)

44. Chapter 21Americans, p. 698-727 Civil Rights 3. How did the civil rights movement change? The civil rights movement changed as it tried to dislodge de facto segregation in the North and as angrier voices called for strong resistance to white racism. -laws vs. attitudes (common practice) -Malcolm X & the Black Panthers (Power movement)

45. Chapter 21, Civil Rights Americans, p. 698-727 4. Why could the results of the movement be called mixed? The civil rights movement had mixed results in that it succeeded in overturning many discriminatory laws but could not unseat entrenched de facto discrimination. Many African Americans still suffer from poverty and the lack of opportunities. -housing, voting rights, schooling, etc.

46. Ch. 44: Segregation in the Post-WW II Period How did segregation affect American life in the postwar period? Segregation remained widespread in the United States after World War II, especially in the South. But there were also signs of change. In the 1940s and 1950s, desegregation began in sports and the military. Civil rights organizations grew stronger. The landmark Supreme Court ruling Brown v. Board of Education heralded the beginning of the modern civil rights movement. Segregated society Segregation affected every aspect of life in the Jim Crow South. De jure segregation was defined by law, while de facto segregation was determined by custom. Blacks in the North and West also experienced de facto segregation, especially in housing. Breaking the color line Professional sports began to be integrated in the late 1940s. Most notable was Jackie Robinson’s entry into major league baseball.T he integration of professional football and basketball soon followed. Executive Order 9981 President Truman was determined to integrate the armed forces. His executive order, issued in 1948, ended segregation in the military. Civil rights groups Civil rights organizations gained strength in the postwar years. CORE was dedicated to civil rights reform through nonviolent action. The National Urban League tried to help African Americans who were living in northern cities. The NAACP began a legal branch and launched a campaign, led by Thurgood Marshall, to challenge the constitutionality of segregation. Brown v. Board of Education The NAACP’s legal campaign triumphed in 1954, when the Warren Court issued the Brown v. Board of Education decision. This ruling declared segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional and undermined the legal basis for segregation in other areas of American life.

47. Ch. 45: The Civil Rights Revolution: “Like a Mighty Stream” How did civil rights activists advance the ideals of liberty, equality, & opportunity for African Americans? Between 1955 and 1965, many key events took place in the civil rights movement. African Americans made great progress in their struggle for rights and equality. Montgomery Bus Boycott In 1955, blacks in Montgomery, Alabama, began a lengthy boycott of the city’s segregated bus system. As a result, Montgomery’s buses were integrated. SCLC and SNCC These two groups helped organize nonviolent civil rights actions. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was led by Martin Luther King Jr. It played a major role in the Birmingham campaign and other events. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee organized sit-ins and engaged in other forms of civil disobedience. Freedom Rides In 1961, black and white Freedom Riders rode buses through the South. They were testing southern compliance with laws outlawing segregation in interstate transport. The riders were subjected to violence and eventually received federal protection. March on Washington A quarter of a million people marched in Washington, D.C., in August 1963 to demand jobs and freedom. The highlight of this event was Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I have a dream” speech. Freedom Summer In the summer of 1964, activists led voter registration drives in the South for African Americans. Landmark legislation The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed literacy tests, enabling many African Americans to vote.

48. The civil rights movement changed course in the mid-1960s, moving beyond the South and expanding its goals. Some activists also abandoned the strategy of nonviolence. Black power In 1966, civil rights activists began calling for black power. They wanted African Americans to have economic and political power, as well as pride in their African heritage. Watts riot In the summer of 1965, the Watts section of Los Angeles exploded in violence. This event was followed by riots in black ghettos across the nation. Kerner Commission This commission, established by Lyndon Johnson to study the riots, concluded that their fundamental cause was pent-up resentment over historic inequalities. Nation of Islam Also called Black Muslims, the Nation of Islam advocated black nationalism. Its members believed that blacks should live apart from whites and control their own communities. Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party demanded economic and political rights. Unlike nonviolent civil rights leaders, the Black Panthers were prepared to fight to realize their goals. Civil Rights Act of 1968 The most important clause in this law bans discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, or sex. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education In this decision, the Supreme Court ruled that busing is an acceptable way to achieve school integration. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke In its first case on affirmative action, the Supreme Court ruled that race may be used as one, but not the only, factor in school admissions. Ch. 46: Redefining Equality: From Black Power to Affirmative Action How did civil rights activists change their strategies and goals in the 1960s and 1970s, and how successful were they in achieving racial equality?

49. The civil rights movement inspired many Americans to stand up for their rights. During the 1960s and 1970s, various groups sought equal treatment under the law and in society. Women The National Organization for Women (NOW) and other feminist groups worked for women’s rights. They wanted reforms to ensure greater equality and opportunity for women. Latinos Various groups of Latinos struggled for their rights and identity in American society. The United Farm Workers (UFW) organized migrant farmworkers and helped increase their wages and benefits. The 1968 Bilingual Education Act required public schools to provide bilingual instruction. American Indians The American Indian Movement (AIM) protested unfair treatment of American Indians. By the mid-1970s, some tribes had won payment for lost lands. Asian Americans Asian American students asked for university programs in ethnic studies. The Japanese Americans Citizens League (JACL) sought compensation for internment during World War II. Other groups Disabled Americans fought for equal access and won passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. After the Stonewall riots, gay Americans gained greater visibility in their fight for equal rights. Older Americans countered ageism by working through such groups as the Gray Panthers. Ch. 47: The Widening Struggle Why and how did the civil rights movement expand ?

50. Chapter 22, Americans p. 728-765 The Vietnam War YearsAmericans 1. The U.S. entered the war in Vietnam to try to support the government of the South because it did not want communists in the North to control the whole country. 2. The U.S. could not quickly defeat the Vietcong because they engaged in guerrilla tactics of quick attacks and disappearing into the jungle. The result was a loss of morale among U.S. soldiers. 3. As the war continued and victory seemed less achievable, American society split into hawks, who favored the war, and doves, who opposed it. They were bitterly opposed to each other, and some hawks thought that antiwar protesters were disloyal. 4. The year 1968 was marked by loss of confidence and violence: a major North Vietnamese offensive weakened American support for fighting the war. Also, President Johnson decided not to seek re-election, two major leaders were killed, and violence marred the Democratic convention. 5. As a result of the war in Vietnam, many American soldiers were dead or wounded, and many more scarred by their reception when they returned home. The war created deep divisions in American society and opened mistrust of people toward the government

51. Chapter 22 Americans, p. 728- 765 The Vietnam War Years 1. Why did the U.S. enter the war in Vietnam? The U.S. entered the war in Vietnam to try to support the government of the South because it did not want communists in the North to control the whole country. -containment; Eisenhower supported Diem (opposed Ho); USS Maddox/Gulf of Tonkin incident (Resolution) Additional details/answers?

52. Chapter 22 Americans, p. 728-765 The Vietnam War Years 2. Why could the U.S. not win a quick victory over the Viet Cong, and what was the effect? The U.S. could not quickly defeat the Vietcong because they engaged in guerrilla tactics of quick attacks and disappearing into the jungle. The result was a loss of morale among U.S. soldiers. -political limitations were placed on superior US weapons & numbers (military was not “effective”); enemy was difficult to identify; napalm (incendiary/explosive); agent orange (defoliant); civil war (self-determination)…QUAGMIRE! -Additional details/answers?

53. Chapter 22 Americans, p. 728- 765 The Vietnam War Years 3. How did public opinion split over the war? As the war continued and victory seemed less achievable, American society split into hawks, who favored the war, and doves, who opposed it. They were bitterly opposed to each other, and some hawks thought that antiwar protesters were disloyal. -“draft dodgers” fled to Canada or burned draft cards; returning vets greeted harshly (spit on); Additional details/answers?

54. Chapter 22 Americans, p. 728-765 The Vietnam War Years 4. Why is 1968 considered a year of upheaval? The year 1968 was marked by loss of confidence and violence: a major North Vietnamese offensive* weakened American support for fighting the war. Also, President Johnson decided not to seek re-election, two major leaders (MLK and Robert Kennedy) were killed, and violence marred the Democratic convention. -*Tet Offensive; presidential advisors questioned the war; Nixon elected president Additional details/answers?

55. Chapter 22 Americans, p. 728-765 The Vietnam War Years 5. What were the effects of the war? As a result of the war in Vietnam, many American soldiers were dead (58,000+) or wounded (158- 303,000+), and many more scarred by their reception when they returned home. The war created deep divisions in American society and opened mistrust of people toward the government. -Tet Offensive (lied about “success?”); changed US foreign policy (Congressional limits on troop commitments); “Pentagon Papers” Additional details/answers?

56. Ch. 51: The United States gets involved in Vietnam Why did the U.S. increase its military involvement in Vietnam? After World War II, nationalist and communist rebels in the French colony of Vietnam fought for their independence. A 1954 agreement ending this colonial war split the country into communist North Vietnam and democratic South Vietnam. When France pulled out the following year, the United States stepped in to prop up South Vietnam. Over the years, American involvement grew and eventually led to the introduction of U.S. ground forces. First Indochina War In this first phase of fighting, which lasted from 1946 to 1954, Ho Chi Minh led Viet Minh insurgents in the struggle to end French rule in Vietnam. Geneva Accords The First Indochina War ended with a 1954 agreement known as the Geneva Accords. The accords split Vietnam into north and south but called for elections to reunify the country. The United States backed South Vietnam financially and militarily. Viet Cong Insurgents in the south, known as the Viet Cong, worked to overthrow the nominally democratic but corrupt government of South Vietnam. The Viet Cong received aid from communist North Vietnam. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution An alleged attack on U.S. ships off the coast of North Vietnam led Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. This resolution gave President Johnson broad powers to expand the U.S. role in Vietnam. Massive air strikes against North Vietnam followed. Ho Chi Minh Trail By 1965, North Vietnamese Army troops were moving south along the Ho Chi Minh Trail to help the Viet Cong. The United States feared that South Vietnam would fall without more direct support. Americanization In March 1965, the United States began sending ground troops to fight the Vietnam War. The war quickly became an American conflict.

57. Ch. 52: Facing Frustration in Vietnam What made the Vietnam War difficult to win? The United States decided to wage a limited war in Vietnam, with limited troop strength. Fighting an elusive enemy on unfamiliar terrain frustrated U.S. soldiers. The South Vietnamese people themselves were unsure whom to support: the Saigon government or the communist-backed Viet Cong. As the war dragged on, American antiwar protests grew. Opposition to the war greatly affected the 1968 elections. War of attrition The U.S. military waged a war of attrition, hoping to wear down the enemy by inflicting heavy losses. Increasing the enemy body count became a key military goal. Opposing Vietnamese armies Regular troops of the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) joined forces with Viet Cong insurgents. The United States trained the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) to defend South Vietnam. New weapons of war The United States sprayed the herbicide Agent Orange to clear forest vegetation and expose the enemy. It dropped napalm firebombs that burned forests and buildings and caused widespread destruction. Both weapons had devastating effects on the Vietnamese population. Credibility gap The Johnson administration’s optimistic public assessments of the war did not match reality. This created a credibility gap, and many Americans lost faith in the president. Protest movement Antiwar protesters on college campuses and elsewhere held demonstrations and carried out acts of civil disobedience. The protesters called for peace negotiations and an end to the war. Tet Offensive Some 45,000 Viet Cong and NVA soldiers died after launching a major offensive in 1968. But the Tet Offensive also boosted U.S. opposition to the war and undermined the Johnson presidency, helping to pave the way for Richard Nixon’s election in 1968.

58. Ch. 53: Getting Out of Vietnam What lessons for Americans emerged from the Vietnam War? In 1969, President Nixon began withdrawing U.S. troops from Vietnam, but the war continued throughout his time in office. He carried on peace talks with the North Vietnamese but also ordered massive bombing of North Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. He faced ongoing protests from the antiwar movement and criticism from Congress. In 1973, the last U.S. combat forces came home. North Vietnam swept to victory over the South in 1975. Vietnamization Nixon’s Vietnamization of the war allowed for the withdrawal of U.S. troops and prepared South Vietnam to take over responsibility for the war. My Lai massacre In 1968, U.S. soldiers slaughtered hundreds of Vietnamese civilians in the village of My Lai. Reports of the massacre shocked Americans and increased antiwar protests. Kent State shootings The invasion of Cambodia in April 1970 sparked an increase in antiwar protests. The most violent one occurred the following month at Kent State University in Ohio, where National Guard troops fired into an angry crowd, killing four students. War Powers Resolution Congress reacted to Nixon’s activities in Cambodia by passing the War Powers Resolution. This resolution limits a president’s ability to send armed forces into combat. Pentagon Papers In 1971, Daniel Ellsberg leaked to the press a top-secret study of the U.S. role in Indochina. This study, the Pentagon Papers, revealed secrecy and deceit on the part of U.S. presidents. Boat people The North Vietnamese defeated South Vietnam and took control in 1975. This prompted an exodus of refugees from Indochina, many of whom fled by boat.

59. Chapter 23, Americans p. 766 -789 An Era of Social ChangeAmericans Responses will vary but should include points similar to the following: 1. To win higher wages and better benefits, Latinos farm workers organized into a union. Other Latinos formed political groups to field candidates. 2. Many Native Americans, unhappy with past government policies, came together to issue the Declaration of Indian Purpose, which called for freedom to choose their own way of life. Some Native Americans formed the American Indian Movement to push for faster results. Others used lawsuits to win education and land rights. 3. The women’s movement succeeded in winning better treatment on the job and better access to education. But it failed to win approval of the Equal Rights Amendment. 4. The counterculture faded because hippies found they could not survive without mainstream society and because of problems caused by drugs. It changed art and fashion and helped increase the influence of rock ’n’ roll, however.

60. Chapter 23 Americans, p. 766- 789 An Era of Social Change 1. What did Latinos do to fight for equality? To win higher wages and better benefits, Latino farm workers organized into a union. Other Latinos formed political groups to field candidates.

61. Chapter 23 Americans, p. 766- 789 An Era of Social Change 2. What did Native Americans want? Many Native Americans, unhappy with past government policies, came together to issue the Declaration of Indian Purpose, which called for freedom to choose their own way of life. Some Native Americans formed the American Indian Movement to push for faster results. Others used lawsuits to win education and land rights.

64. History Alive! Ch. 43: Two Americas Why did poverty exist in an age of influence? Michael Harrington’s The Other America revealed that despite the general affluence of the 1950s, millions of “socially visible” Americans lived in poverty. Although people’s views and understanding of poverty have changed over time, the problem persists. Defining poverty Pauperism was once considered a moral failure. Today, poverty is defined in terms of income. People below the poverty line do not have enough income to live decently. An invisible class In The Other America, Michael Harrington argued that the poor were “invisible” for many reasons. They lived apart from the middle class but looked much the same. They also played no role in politics. Urban poverty Impoverished minorities became concentrated in decaying cities when the middle class moved out. The Housing Act of 1949 launched urban renewal programs to clear out slums and build new housing. However, many of these housing projects became slums. Rural poverty The growth of agribusiness harmed many farmers. Migrant workers on corporate farms were not paid enough to lift them out of poverty. One of the poorest rural regions, Appalachia, suffered from poor farming conditions and a declining coal industry. American Indian policy Efforts by the federal government to “terminate” its responsibility for Indian tribes led to increased poverty among Native Americans. The Voluntary Relocation Program helped Indians move to cities, but many had trouble adapting to urban life. The “other America” today Despite government efforts, poverty is still a significant problem in the United States. About 37 million Americans lived in poverty in 2005. Today’s poor are younger and more diverse than those of the past. They are also more visible in society.

65. The civil rights movement inspired many Americans to stand up for their rights. During the 1960s and 1970s, various groups sought equal treatment under the law and in society. Women The National Organization for Women (NOW) and other feminist groups worked for women’s rights. They wanted reforms to ensure greater equality and opportunity for women. Latinos Various groups of Latinos struggled for their rights and identity in American society. The United Farm Workers (UFW) organized migrant farmworkers and helped increase their wages and benefits. The 1968 Bilingual Education Act required public schools to provide bilingual instruction. American Indians The American Indian Movement (AIM) protested unfair treatment of American Indians. By the mid-1970s, some tribes had won payment for lost lands. Asian Americans Asian American students asked for university programs in ethnic studies. The Japanese Americans Citizens League (JACL) sought compensation for internment during World War II. Other groups Disabled Americans fought for equal access and won passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. After the Stonewall riots, gay Americans gained greater visibility in their fight for equal rights. Older Americans countered ageism by working through such groups as the Gray Panthers. Ch. 47: The Widening Struggle Why and how did the civil rights movement expand ?

66. Ch. 50: The Emergence of a Counterculture What was the impact of a counterculture on American society? Members of the counterculture valued individual freedom and expression over materialism. Their values created a generation gap between themselves and older, mainstream Americans. The New Left Politically active college students formed a movement known as the New Left. In 1964, the Free Speech Movement challenged the University of California at Berkeley. Hippies Members of the counterculture, known as hippies, believed in peace, love, and individual freedom. They shunned the Establishment and its materialistic values. Sexual revolution As living together before marriage and getting divorced became more accepted in the 1960s, the divorce rate went up, as did the number of children living with a single parent. Drug use Casual attitudes toward the use of illegal drugs shocked mainstream America. Rock ’n’ roll Psychedelic rock combined musical styles with light shows to create vivid experiences. The music festival Woodstock drew media attention to the counterculture. Impact of the counterculture The media introduced countercultural values to mainstream America through television and radio, as well as art, music, and theater.

67. Ch. 55: Politics and Society in the “Me Decade” How should historians characterize the 1970s? During the 1970s, the U.S. economy suffered from stagflation as the nation faced a number of crises. The decade was also a time of changing views about everything from the environment and ethnicity to retirement and gender equality. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries A major cause of inflation was OPEC’s decision to raise the price of oil. This led to rising prices for many goods. National Energy Act In 1978, Congress tried to reduce U.S. dependence on imported oil. The National Energy Act offered incentives for conserving energy or using alternative energy sources. Camp David Accords In 1978, Jimmy Carter brokered a peace agreement between Israel and Egypt. The Camp David Accords ended the long state of war between these two countries. Earth Day The first Earth Day celebration in 1970 signaled the emergence of a new environmental movement. Followers worked to clean up and protect the environment locally and globally. Congress passed antipollution laws such as the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act. Three Mile Island accident An accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in 1978 highlighted the potential dangers of nuclear energy. Searching for meaning During the 1970s, many Americans turned inward to search for meaning. Some explored self-help movements, others new religions, and others their ethnic identity. Population changes Fewer births and longer life expectancies led to an aging of the U.S. population. The population also shifted south, as people migrated from the Rustbelt to the Sunbelt. Gender equality Women worked to gain greater equality in the workplace and politics. In growing numbers, women entered professions that had once been dominated by males.

68. Chapter 24, Americans p. 792-827 An Age of LimitsAmericans Responses will vary but should include points similar to the following: 1. Nixon reversed past U.S. policy by opening relations with Communist China and pursued more friendly relations with the Soviet Union. 2. The cover-up of Watergate represented the president’s effort to block investigations, thus trying to put himself above the law. 3. Ford tried to end inflation with energy conservation and higher interest rates. Carter tried to use voluntary price freezes and spending cuts. 4. The debate over environmental laws focus on the need for economic development and for protection of natural resources.

69. Chapter 24 Americans, p. 792- 827 An Age of LimitsAlive! P. 697-707 1. How did Nixon ease Cold War tensions? Nixon reversed past U.S. policy by opening relations with Communist China and pursued more friendly relations with the Soviet Union.

71. Chapter 24 Americans, p. 792- 827 An Age of Limits 3. How did Ford and Carter try to fix economic problems, and why didn’t their plans work? Ford tried to end inflation with energy conservation and higher interest rates. Carter tried to use voluntary price freezes and spending cuts.

73. Ch. 53: Getting Out of Vietnam What lessons for Americans emerged from the Vietnam War? In 1969, President Nixon began withdrawing U.S. troops from Vietnam, but the war continued throughout his time in office. He carried on peace talks with the North Vietnamese but also ordered massive bombing of North Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. He faced ongoing protests from the antiwar movement and criticism from Congress. In 1973, the last U.S. combat forces came home. North Vietnam swept to victory over the South in 1975. Vietnamization Nixon’s Vietnamization of the war allowed for the withdrawal of U.S. troops and prepared South Vietnam to take over responsibility for the war. My Lai massacre In 1968, U.S. soldiers slaughtered hundreds of Vietnamese civilians in the village of My Lai. Reports of the massacre shocked Americans and increased antiwar protests. Kent State shootings The invasion of Cambodia in April 1970 sparked an increase in antiwar protests. The most violent one occurred the following month at Kent State University in Ohio, where National Guard troops fired into an angry crowd, killing four students. War Powers Resolution Congress reacted to Nixon’s activities in Cambodia by passing the War Powers Resolution. This resolution limits a president’s ability to send armed forces into combat. Pentagon Papers In 1971, Daniel Ellsberg leaked to the press a top-secret study of the U.S. role in Indochina. This study, the Pentagon Papers, revealed secrecy and deceit on the part of U.S. presidents. Boat people The North Vietnamese defeated South Vietnam and took control in 1975. This prompted an exodus of refugees from Indochina, many of whom fled by boat.

74. Ch. 54: The Rise and Fall of Richard Nixon What events influenced Richard Nixon’s rise to and fall from power? Richard Nixon won the presidency in 1968. While in office, he made strides toward easing the tensions of the Cold War. He also saw many of his domestic policies enacted. However, scandal forced him to resign in disgrace in 1974. New Federalism Nixon came into office determined to revive federalism. He hoped to reduce the power of the federal government and return power to the states. Revenue sharing, central to his plan, allowed state and local governments to spend tax revenues as they saw fit. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Despite his promise to shrink the federal government, Nixon created OSHA, which works to improve health and safety in the workplace. Environmental Protection Agency Another new agency, the EPA, was created to protect Americans’ health and the natural environment. Energy crisis Nixon tried to revive a stagnant economy with increased spending while fighting inflation with wage and price controls. However, an energy crisis made a bad situation worse. Détente Nixon tried to encourage détente, or a relaxation of Cold War tensions. In 1972, he visited both communist China and the Soviet Union. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty In 1972, Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev signed SALT I, the first superpower treaty to place limits on the arms race. Watergate scandal In 1972, burglars broke into Democratic headquarters in the Watergate building. The scandal over the cover-up that followed the break-in led to Richard Nixon’s resignation in 1974.

75. Ch. 55: Politics and Society in the “Me Decade” How should historians characterize the 1970s? During the 1970s, the U.S. economy suffered from stagflation as the nation faced a number of crises. The decade was also a time of changing views about everything from the environment and ethnicity to retirement and gender equality. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries A major cause of inflation was OPEC’s decision to raise the price of oil. This led to rising prices for many goods. National Energy Act In 1978, Congress tried to reduce U.S. dependence on imported oil. The National Energy Act offered incentives for conserving energy or using alternative energy sources. Camp David Accords In 1978, Jimmy Carter brokered a peace agreement between Israel and Egypt. The Camp David Accords ended the long state of war between these two countries. Earth Day The first Earth Day celebration in 1970 signaled the emergence of a new environmental movement. Followers worked to clean up and protect the environment locally and globally. Congress passed antipollution laws such as the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act. Three Mile Island accident An accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in 1978 highlighted the potential dangers of nuclear energy. Searching for meaning During the 1970s, many Americans turned inward to search for meaning. Some explored self-help movements, others new religions, and others their ethnic identity. Population changes Fewer births and longer life expectancies led to an aging of the U.S. population. The population also shifted south, as people migrated from the Rustbelt to the Sunbelt. Gender equality Women worked to gain greater equality in the workplace and politics. In growing numbers, women entered professions that had once been dominated by males.

76. Unit IV: Decades of Change Essential Questions 1. How does social and cultural change (suburban life) impact the individual? 2. How can people change society? 3. How far should the government go to promote equality and opportunity? 4. What happens when the government loses the support of the public? 5.Did America move closer or further away from its founding ideals in the three decades after World War II? Enduring UnderstandingsStudents will understand that… 1. People’s values and actions are influenced by the culture that surrounds them. 2. Democracy is an ongoing process that involves struggle and requires cooperation. 3. Individuals and groups can participate to influence the government and reform society, but are often met with opposition. 4. Breaches of trust by leaders damage the public’s confidence in government.

77. EQ 1. How does suburban life shape the individual? Effects of the GI Bill and the expansion of suburbanization, including Levittowns. Influence of popular culture, the role of the mass media, and consumerism. Criticisms of conformity and the role of women in American society in the 1950s.

78. EQ 2. How can people change society? The economic, political and social status of African- Americans living in the North and South after WWII. Leadership and ideology of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X in the civil rights movement and their legacies. Use of organizations, marches and civil disobedience to change public opinion and pressure government action. Resistance to civil rights in the South between 1954 and 1965. Causes and effects of the modern feminism movement.

79. EQ 3. How far should the government go to promote equality and opportunity? Role of the legislative, executive and judicial branches in advancing the civil rights movement. Goals and effectiveness of “Great Society” programs. A new wave of immigrants from Asia and Latin America after 1965. Effectiveness of government in addressing social and environmental issues.

80. EQ 4. What happens when the government loses the support of the public? The Vietnam policy of the United States Government, including the draft, and the shifts in public opinion about the war. Nixon administration’s involvement in Watergate and the effects of Watergate on public opinion

81. EQ 5. Did America move closer or further away from its founding ideals in the three decades after World War II? How the ideals of liberty, equality, opportunity, rights and democracy were exemplified or contradicted during this time period.

82. Wednesday-Friday, May 18-20 Students will casually review Unit IV: Decades of Change material in preparation for Monday’s unit exam. Time permitting, Unit V: End of the Cold War & Contemporary America materials will be distributed. Ch. 25 & 26+, plus History Alive! 56-60