1. CHAPTER 4 SECTION 3 Why is popular culture widely distributed?

2. Wide Dispersion of Popular Culture  Diffusion of popular housing, clothing, & food  Popular housing styles  Rapid diffusion of clothing styles  Popular food customs  Television and diffusion of popular culture  Diffusion of television  Diffusion of the internet  Government control of television

3. Popular Culture  Widespread acceptance of ideas, culture, materials, etc…  It varies more in time than space  Trends change, but popular culture reaches lots of places

4. Pop Culture  Diffuses rapidly  Time-space convergence increases this  Depends on who has access  Depends on economic status to buy goods, get cable television, visit places, etc…  Makes places look more homogeneous- threatens local diversity (creates placelessness)

5. Pop Culture  Popular housing, clothes, and food help illustrate this  These are three necessities  Folk cultures develop their own  Pop culture spreads trends to the masses around the world

6. Popular Housing  Some regional differences exist in MDCs, but the differences are much less pronounced  Often, the houses look the same from one neighborhood to the next and mainly vary by economic bracket  Economic status often determines a great deal

7. Popular Culture: Housing  Houses have changed forms with the times and trends, particularly since WWII  From 1945 to 1960, the dominant style was modern house styles  These were minimal traditional houses from around 1945 to the early 1950s  Usually one story- front gable, few decorative details  Small, modest houses for the young veterans coming home from war, receiving military grants and loans for their families

8. U.S. House Types, 1945-1990 Fig. 4-11: Several variations of the “modern style” were dominant from the 1940s into the 1970s. Since then, “neo-eclectic” styles have become the dominant type of house construction in the U.S.

9. US Housing  From the 1950s to the 1960s, the modern houses were ranch houses  They are one story, long side parallel to the street  They take up a lot of space  From the 1950s to 1970s, the split-level house was a popular variation of the ranch house- the lower level had a garage and the family room, the kitchen and living and dining rooms were on the intermediate levels, and the bedrooms were on the top levels

10. U.S. House Types, 1945-1990 Fig. 4-11: Several variations of the “modern style” were dominant from the 1940s into the 1970s. Since then, “neo-eclectic” styles have become the dominant type of house construction in the U.S.

11. US Housing  The contemporary style was popular between 1950s-1970s  They had flat or low-pitched roofs  The shed style was popular in the late 1960s

12. US Housing  From 1960 on, many houses fall under the neo- eclectic category  They were more popular than modern styles by 1970  The mansard of the 1960s-1970s was one of the first  It was shingle-covered second-story walls that sloped slightly inward and merged to the roofline

13. U.S. House Types, 1945-1990 Fig. 4-11: Several variations of the “modern style” were dominant from the 1940s into the 1970s. Since then, “neo-eclectic” styles have become the dominant type of house construction in the U.S.

14. US housing  The neo-Tudor style was also popular in the 1970s- with dominant, steep=pitched front-facing gables and half-timbered detailing  The neo-French style was also popular  It had dormer windows with rounded tops and high- hipped roofs  The neo-colonial style has been popular since the 1950s but never dominant  Most neo-eclectic houses have a “great room” instead of separate family and living rooms

15. U.S. House Types, 1945-1990 Fig. 4-11: Several variations of the “modern style” were dominant from the 1940s into the 1970s. Since then, “neo-eclectic” styles have become the dominant type of house construction in the U.S.

16. U.S. House Types by Region Fig. 4-1.1: Small towns in different regions of the eastern U.S. have different combinations of five main house types.

17. Fashion  Popular culture is really evident in clothing styles  Often they disregard climate, geography, etc…  People in Maine often will wear stuff that people in Florida, North Carolina, California, Oklahoma wear  Habits are more reflective of income than geography in MDCs  They are influenced by music, television, fashion magazines, celebrities, etc…  Often they vary more in time than space

18. Fashion  They often also reflect profession rather than environment- business men in suits, students in jeans, professionals in collared shirts/blouses  So income and profession have a huge impact

19. Fashion  Diffusion takes place quite rapidly  Often trends start in Fashion Capitals like Milan or Paris or New York and diffuse to all over MDCs within weeks or months  It is getting faster and faster because those clothes can be replicated so quickly and made affordable for the “common” person  LDCs tend to get these trends years later

20. http://www.wright.edu/~tdung/product_cycle.h tm

21. From the runway to celebrities to your closet to a closet in an LDC http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/fashion/galleries/from_the_runway_to_the_red_carpet_stars_model_the_latest_designs/from_the_runway_to_the_red_carpet_stars_model_the_latest_designs.html

22. Fashion  Jeans popularity is an example  Originally, they were cheap, ideal work clothes  By the 1960s, they have become popular for people in all walks of life  They are a status symbol- they can be bought for 10-20 dollars or 500 plus dollars  http://www.designboom.com/eng/education/denim 2.html http://www.designboom.com/eng/education/denim 2.html  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHOyCVG8tzw

23. True Religion Jeans- $319.00 and Old Navy Jeans- $29.50

24. Food in Popular Culture  With better transportation, people can get non- local foods anytime of year- seafood in Boone, North Carolina that is fresh, bananas any time of the year, caviar from Asia, wine from Argentina, vodka from Russia  Some things are still more common locally- seafood is more common along the coast, etc…

25. Beverages  What is produced locally is more commonly consumed- tequila in Mexico and the southwestern US, whiskey up north, bourbon in the south, wine in California (although vineyards are popping up everywhere)  Cultural backgrounds also influence this  Certain religions, groups don’t drink alcohol  Rural areas with dairies are more likely to consume more milk

26. Beverages  Income also influences beverage choices  So do national advertising  This influences what we choose to buy or not  It has tremendous influence and spreads popular culture

27. Alcohol Preferences in the U.S. Fig. 4-12: Per capita consumption of Canadian whiskey (left) and tequila (right) show different source areas and histories of diffusion.

28. Per Capita Consumption of Canadian Whiskey

29. Per Capita Consumption of Tequila

30. Wine Production per year Fig. 4-13: The distribution of wine production shows the joint impact of the physical environment and social customs.

31. Advanced communication tools  Over the two centuries, technology has made communication much more efficient  Before 1837, it was as fast as the fastest boat or horse or train could go  After 1837, the telegraph allowed messages to be sent by cable wherever cable was laid (across the Atlantic in the 1850s)  In the late 1800s, the telephone was invented and allowed messages to be heard- sent by cable and available where cables were laid

32. Advanced communication tools  In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the radio was invented and allowed communication across distances not connected by cables  They were widely available after 1930 wherever electricity was available  In the 1950s, televisions allowed messages to be broadcast to home with electricity and televisions  In the second half of the 1900s, telephones and televisions without cords allowed communication and broadcast to many places

33. Advanced communication tools  In the 1990s, cell phones and the internet are introduced to the masses  Instantaneous communication is available today and businesses capitalize on it  Advertising and propaganda are everywhere and influence what we buy, what we think is cool, what we fear, what we like, etc… everyday  It spreads mass/popular culture very efficiently

34. Diffusion of Pop Culture  TVs and advanced communication start in MDCs and trickle down  They have better technology and access  People can afford it so it’s brought to them- if they can afford and will buy it, others will sell it

35. Diffusion of TV 1954 - 2003 Fig. 4-14: Television has diffused widely since the 1950s, but some areas still have low numbers of TVs per population.

36. TV Distribution, 1954

37. TV Distribution, 1970

38. TV Distribution, 2003

39. Distribution of Internet Users, 1995 - 2003 Fig. 4-15: Internet users per 1000 population. Diffusion of internet service is following the pattern of TV diffusion in the 20th century, but at a much faster rate.

40. Internet Users, 1995 per 1000 population

41. Internet Users, 2000 per 1000 population

42. Internet Users, 2004 per 1000 population

43. Internet shop, India

44. Internet Use by Food Seller in China

45. Geisha Kyoto, Japan

46. Govt. Control  Communication is controlled more vigorously in some countries  In some countries, the govt. limits cell phone and internet access (China, Cuba, communist countries, dictatorships, etc…)  Child pornography, extreme violence (GA hiker case), nudity, profanity, etc… are some things limited completely or at least to an extent in most countries, including the US  It is hard to control and it has reduced worldwide around the globe

47. Govt. Control  Several countries, including the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Indonesia and India, are considering bans and demanding access to BlackBerry's encryption technology in an effort to control the flow of information, report the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Reporters Without Borders (RSF) and Freedom House. UAE authorities say BlackBerry phones are a threat to national security if they can't be monitored. Unlike other smartphones, data transferred via BlackBerry has been difficult for UAE state security services to intercept because all data is encrypted and routed through overseas servers. The servers based abroad are an obstacle to censorship, filtering and surveillance, so the UAE government finds it difficult to monitor e-mails and text messages. "The insistence by UAE authorities that they have the right to monitor all electronic communication is liable to be deeply unsettling to journalists, who rely on confidential communication with their sources," said CPJ.  http://www.menassat.com/?q=en/page/1063

48. Control in the US  Major networks limit some things  It has relaxed over the years  Or maybe the shows just aren’t as subtle  Where our parents’ generations really “cleaner” than our own?  Should the govt. regulate?  If so, who should decide what should or shouldn’t?