2. Mission First – Safety Always Fort Jackson Safety Fundamental Course Part 2

3. Mission First – Safety Always Personal Protective Equipment

4. Mission First – Safety Always Protecting Employees: Workplace Hazards Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury Employers must:  Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards  Then use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards Remember, PPE is the last level of control!

5. Mission First – Safety Always Engineering Controls If... The machine or work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard Then... The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control

6. Mission First – Safety Always Engineering Controls (cont’d) Initial design specifications Substitute less harmful material Change process Enclose process Isolate process Ventilation Examples...

7. Mission First – Safety Always Work Practice Controls If... Employees can be removed from exposure to the potential hazard by changing the way they do their jobs Then... The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice control

8. Mission First – Safety Always Work Practice Controls (cont’d) Use of wet methods to suppress dust Personal hygiene Housekeeping and maintenance Job rotation of workers Examples...

9. Mission First – Safety Always Examples of PPE Eye - safety glasses, goggles Face - face shields Head - hard hats Feet - safety shoes Hands and arms - gloves Bodies - vests Hearing - earplugs, earmuffs

10. Mission First – Safety Always Establishing a PPE Program Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part of an employer’s routine operation First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide training to each employee who is required to use PPE

11. Mission First – Safety Always Training When PPE is necessary What type of PPE is necessary How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear Limitations of the PPE Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following:

12. Mission First – Safety Always Eye Protection

13. Mission First – Safety Always Causes of eye injuries? Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust Molten metal that might splash Acids and other caustic liquid chemicals that might splash Blood and other potentially infectious body fluids that might splash, spray, or splatter Intense light such as that created by welding and lasers

14. Mission First – Safety Always Safety Spectacles Made with metal/plastic safety frames Most operations require side shields Used for moderate impact from particles produced by such jobs as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling

15. Mission First – Safety Always Goggles Protect eyes and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes Some goggles fit over corrective lenses

16. Mission First – Safety Always Welding Shields Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light, and protect face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter, and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting.

17. Mission First – Safety Always Laser Safety Goggles Protect eyes from intense concentrations of light produced by lasers.

18. Mission First – Safety Always Face Shields Protect the face from nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids Do not protect employees from impact hazards

19. Mission First – Safety Always Head Protection

20. Mission First – Safety Always Causes of head injuries? Falling objects Bumping head against fixed objects, such as exposed pipes or beams Contact with exposed electrical conductors

21. Mission First – Safety Always Classes of Hard Hats Class A General service (e.g., mining, building construction, shipbuilding, lumbering, and manufacturing) Good impact protection but limited voltage protection Class B Electrical work Protect against falling objects and high-voltage shock and burns Class C Designed for comfort, offer limited protection Protects heads that may bump against fixed objects, but do not protect against falling objects or electrical shock

22. Mission First – Safety Always Hearing Protection

23. Mission First – Safety Always EarmuffsEarplugsCanal Caps Examples of Hearing Protectors

24. Mission First – Safety Always Foot Protection

25. Mission First – Safety Always Causes of foot injuries? Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto or fall on employees’ feet Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that might pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary shoes Molten metal that might splash on feet Hot or wet surfaces Slippery surfaces

26. Mission First – Safety Always Safety Shoes Have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles that protect against hot surfaces common in roofing, paving, and hot metal industries Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture wounds May be designed to be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards

27. Mission First – Safety Always Metatarsal Guards A part of the shoes or strapped to the outside of shoes to protect the instep from impact and compression.

28. Mission First – Safety Always Hand Protection

29. Mission First – Safety Always Hand injuries Burns Bruises Abrasions Cuts Punctures Fractures Amputations Chemical Exposures

30. Mission First – Safety Always Norfoil laminate resists permeation and breakthrough by an array of toxic/hazardous chemicals. Butyl provides the highest permeation resistance to gas or water vapors; frequently used for ketones (M.E.K., Acetone) and esters (Amyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate). Types of Gloves

31. Mission First – Safety Always Viton is highly resistant to permeation by chlorinated and aromatic solvents. Nitrile provides protection against a wide variety of solvents, harsh chemicals, fats and petroleum products and also provides excellent resistance to cuts, snags, punctures and abrasions. Types of Gloves (cont’d)

32. Mission First – Safety Always Kevlar protects against cuts, slashes, and abrasion. Stainless steel mesh protects against cuts and lacerations. Types of Gloves (cont’d)

33. Mission First – Safety Always Body Protection

34. Mission First – Safety Always Causes of body injuries? Intense heat Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials Cuts Hazardous chemicals Contact with potentially infectious materials, like blood Radiation

35. Mission First – Safety Always Cooling Vest Sleeves and Apron Body Protection

36. Mission First – Safety Always CoverallsFull Body Suit Body Protection

37. Mission First – Safety Always Summary Assess the workplace for hazards Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated Inform employees why the PPE is necessary and when it must be worn Train employees how to use and care for their PPE and how to recognize deterioration and failure Require employees to wear selected PPE in the workplace Employers must implement a PPE program where they:

38. Mission First – Safety Always TAKE A BREAK!

39. Mission First – Safety Always Office Ergonomics

40. Mission First – Safety Always What Is Ergonomics? Modern Definition Science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population

41. Mission First – Safety Always What Is Ergonomics? Ergonomics is the science of improving employee performance and well-being in relation to the »job tasks, »equipment, and »the environment. Ergonomics is… »a continuous improvement effort to design the workplace for what people do well, and design against what people don’t do well.

42. Mission First – Safety Always Office Work & Human/Computer Interactions Work station design Posture Keyboards Software/human interactions Human Behavior

43. Mission First – Safety Always Human/Computer Interactions Early studies 1980’s –Eye problems –Shoulder problems –Lower back problems –Neck strain –Hand & wrist problems

44. Mission First – Safety Always Human/Computer Interactions 1991 study of 420 medical secretaries –63 % reported neck/shoulder pain –51% low back pain –30 % hand/wrist pain –15 % elbow pain

45. Mission First – Safety Always Who’s At Risk? –Nearly everyone, but women report more incidents of discomfort –Low motivation –Poor workstation design –Many short term studies, few long term or independent studies.

46. Mission First – Safety Always Are some people at greater risk than others? Some researchers think so…. Studies quoted on Cornell’s ergo web site link repetitive motion injuries to… Working with the wrists in deviated postures for any reason: causes compression of the median nerve Static postures, especially using a pinch grip to hold something in place

47. Mission First – Safety Always Some studies have shown greater risks for people who are… Pregnant Obese Lack general physical capabilities, such as strength People who feel as if they lack control over work pace, environment, and communication

48. Mission First – Safety Always Prevention is crucial to Cost Containment Evaluate all contributing factors = Hazard Identification Environment WorkersEquipment/Materials Task/Processes

49. Mission First – Safety Always Hazard Prevention Neutral positioning Workstation design Work/rest periods Task rotation Exercise

50. Mission First – Safety Always What is neutral positioning? Non-stressed postures Relaxed, right angles at –Knees, hips and elbows –Wrists straight rather than flexed (down) or extended (up) –Lower and upper back supported

51. Mission First – Safety Always Computer Workstations Key Elements Good Working Positions Work Process Workstation Environment Workstation Components

52. Mission First – Safety Always Good Working Postures Hands, wrists, and forearms are straight, in-line and roughly parallel to the floor. Head is level, or bent slightly forward, forward facing, and balanced. Generally it is in-line with the torso. Shoulders are relaxed and upper arms hang normally at the side of the body. Elbows stay in close to the body and are bent between 90 and 120 degrees. Feet are fully supported by floor or footrest. Back is fully supported with appropriate lumbar support when sitting vertical or leaning back slightly. Thighs and hips are supported by a well-padded seat and generally parallel to the floor. Knees are about the same height as the hips with the feet slightly forward.

53. Mission First – Safety Always Work Process Task Organization –Impacts repetition –Prolonged periods of activity –Medical awareness & training

54. Mission First – Safety Always Work Environment Lighting Glare Ventilation Noise

55. Mission First – Safety Always Workstation Design Chairs Monitors Keyboards Pointer/Mouse Wrist/Palm Support Document Holders Desks Telephones Footrests

56. Mission First – Safety Always Elements of good work station design Adjustable chairs Keyboard height and angle Avoid sharp edges Monitor height and angle Glare, poor contrast, etc. are risk factors

57. Mission First – Safety Always Chairs Ideas about correct posture go back to 1884 Upright vs. backward leaning, pressure on disks, lower back Chair provides support for upper and lower back

58. Mission First – Safety Always Need to be adjustable in many different directions Height Tilt of seat pan Angle of back Provide lumbar support Adjustable arms Capacity, seat width Chairs

59. Mission First – Safety Always Ergonomic Chairs Chair Specifications 10 Standard Adjustments Pneumatic Seat Height Seat Angle or Tilt Seat Angle Tension Control Backrest Angle Backrest Height Backrest Depth Inflatable Lumbar Armrest Height Armrest Rotation/Swivel Armrest Width Small Seat Minimal Contour Seat Height: 16.5" - 21.5" Backrest: 19.5"W x 22.5"H Seat Size: 19"W x 17"D

60. Mission First – Safety Always Ergonomic Chairs Deep Contoured Seat, Knee Tilt Available Big & Tall

61. Mission First – Safety Always

64. Monitors Viewing Distance:20”-40” Viewing Angle:15-20 degrees below horizontal Viewing Time Viewing Clarity

65. Mission First – Safety Always Keyboards The objective is to keep the hands and wrists in as “neutral” a position as possible Adjustments, may include tilting or not tilting the keyboard, wrist rests in front of the keyboard, and repositioning the entire body Alternative shapes of keyboards may help: –Split –Tented/Angled –Negative Slope –Supportive –Scooped Keep in mind Keyboard Placement – Height & Distance Design & Use

66. Mission First – Safety Always

70. Pointer/Mouse Interactions For CAD operators –Thumb and forefinger problems –Change kind of mouse Thumb joint pain, switch to “Uniball” or three-finger mouse Keep in mind Pointer Placement Pointer Size, Shape, & Settings

71. Mission First – Safety Always Wrist/Palm Supports In general, research supports the idea of resting the hands on some kind of a surface during keying pauses. The use of wrist rests has been associated with reduced muscle activity in the arms and shoulders, straighter wrist postures, comfort, and preference.

72. Mission First – Safety Always Wrist/Palm Supports Some research suggests that wrist rest users sit in a somewhat more reclined posture than people without wrist rests, which is known to be comfortable and healthy for the back However, wrist rests are not without potential problems Caution

73. Mission First – Safety Always Wrist/Palm Supports Not all studies of wrist rests show positive effects Use of wrist rest causes the fluid pressure in the carpal tunnel to rise, sometimes significantly Use of convex wrist rests, which concentrate pressure in a small area, are less desirable than broad, flat ones Benign cysts apparently have been caused by constant pressure on the wrist Typists should use them during keying pauses, not during keying, in order to have free hand and arm movement and to reduce the amount of time the wrist is compressed

74. Mission First – Safety Always Document Holder Are designed to minimize eye and neck movement by keeping your documents at the proper viewing level

75. Mission First – Safety Always Desks Work Surface Depth Location of Frequently Used Devices Should be Located in Repetitive Access Zone Recommended Zones for Workplace Components

76. Mission First – Safety Always

77. Telephones Head sets can help avoid neck and shoulder strain for telephone use.

78. Mission First – Safety Always Footrests Reduces leg strain and promotes circulation Reduces strain on lower back Should position your knees to roughly a 90 degree angle

79. Mission First – Safety Always Other Considerations

80. Mission First – Safety Always Work/rest Periods An element of a good prevention strategy Provide regular breaks by inserting a different kind of task into the routine Some studies recommend 5 minutes of rest per hour of typing Other studies recommend 15 minutes of rest per four hours of work.

81. Mission First – Safety Always Task Rotation Alternate other kinds of office tasks, such as filing, copying Caution: May be just as repetitive as typing and use the same motions and muscles However, more productive and feel less like an interruption than “just a break

82. Mission First – Safety Always Task Rotation & Breaks Some companies have actually installed software that “shuts down” the system for regular breaks Other companies have organized or signaled breaks These can be aggravating, as they interrupt a task in progress

83. Mission First – Safety Always Eye Strain Eyestrain is the most common complaint from computer users Intensive use –Software Interactions Inadequate or detrimental lighting and monitor conditions –Distance to monitor –Ambient lighting –Glare Pre-existing eye conditions, including those you may not be aware of Stress

84. Mission First – Safety Always

85. A study conducted by Cornell University Showed that there was an increase in the number of cases of repetitive stress injuries after new and hard to use software was introduced Especially if there were multiple screens or fields on the monitor simultaneously Eye Strain

86. Mission First – Safety Always Prevention –Task rotation –Get a professional eye examination –Control the lights & the monitor Enough light on documents Eliminate glare –Rearrange the workstation –Anti-glare screen Eye Strain

87. Mission First – Safety Always Solving Office Ergonomic Problems Evaluate non-work stressors Evaluate work stressors Use checklists Use workers’ compensation claim data Use personal interviews/discomfort surveys Conduct job safety analysis –Observation –Measurements Implement solutions Provide Employee Training

88. Mission First – Safety Always Analyze a problem job Think about the role behavior plays in ensuring proper use and comfort. A claim of “ergonomic design” will not ensure improved use or comfort, (or reduced risk factors) if behaviors have been ignored For instance, if workers will not use the new tool, it cannot reduce the risk

89. Mission First – Safety Always The Back and Material Handling Issues

90. Mission First – Safety Always Cervical Thoracic Lumbar The Spinal Column

91. Mission First – Safety Always The Basic Structure

92. Mission First – Safety Always Short Term or acute effects: Sharp Surfaces Dropped Material Struck-by Moving Materials Mechanical Stress Slips and Falls “Simpler” Cause and effect relationship Epidemiology of Back Injuries

93. Mission First – Safety Always Chronic or Long Term Effects Back Ache or Pain Disc Degeneration Cause and effect not as simple, more difficult to analyze Epidemiology

94. Mission First – Safety Always Out more than 6 months only 50% chance of returning One year only 25% Management and Practitioner Training One study showed that claims dropped from 200K to 20K per year by providing modified work and conservative treat Return to Work

95. Mission First – Safety Always Material Handling Lifting/Lowering Pushing/Pulling Carrying Weights and Forces Frequency of Activities Load Center of Gravity

96. Mission First – Safety Always Job Risk Factors Weight of the Object Location (position of load w.r.t. worker) Frequency of Lifts Stability of the Load Hand Coupling Workplace Geometry Twisting/Stooping Environmental Factors

97. Mission First – Safety Always Personal Risk Factors Gender Age Anthropometry Lift technique Attitude Strength Training

98. Mission First – Safety Always Avoid extreme range of motion when lifting Redesign work station/work area to allow freedom of movement Provide handles on material handling equipment Provide lift-assist devices and tables Unit Load Concept Manual Handling Controls Examples

99. Mission First – Safety Always Job Design Can reduce one-third of compensable LBP Minimize reach and lift distances Keep off floor Work station design Frequency Relax time standard Rotation Work-Rest allowances

100. Mission First – Safety Always Job Design Minimize Weight Mechanical aids Carton capacity Balance contents Convert Carry to push/pull Push over pull Use large wheels

101. Mission First – Safety Always Training Focus on awareness and avoidance Get object as close to body as possible Planning Use of handling aids Back Schools Strength and fitness important

102. Mission First – Safety Always Disqualifiers for Use One handed lifts More than 8 hours Seated or kneeling Restricted work space Unstable Objects Carrying, pushing or pulling while lifting Wheelbarrows or shovels High speed motion Unreasonable foot/floor coupling Unfavorable environment

103. Mission First – Safety Always If the job is a hazard Reduce weight of load Increase weight of load so that it requires mechanical assist Reduce the capacity of the container Etc. Disqualifiers for Use

104. Mission First – Safety Always Questions?

105. Ft Jackson Garrison Additional Duty Safety Course

106. Mission First – Safety Always Appointed on orders? Completed on-line ADSO course? Retainable for one year? How many familiar with following terms/acronyms? –RM –AGAR –CRC –HAZCOM –SASOHI –PLR –ADSO Class Assessment

107. Mission First – Safety Always Occupational Safety & Health Standards Administration (OSHA) National Consensus Standards DA Pam 385-1, Small Unit Safety Officer/NCO Guide AR 385-10, Army Safety Program FJ 385-10, FJ Safety Program FJ Additional Duty Safety Officer (ADSO) Handbook FJ Hazardous Communication (HAZCOM) Handbook References

108. Mission First – Safety Always Safety Director -Mr. O’Brian 751-7553 Administration Mrs. Brize-Myers 4-6004 -Scheduling Logistics Correspondence Garrison Team (IMA) Mr. Ross, 4-2541 Mr. Austin 4-4325 Ms. Sample 4-3625 Mr. Weigand Support Operations DLE MWR Contractors ASP Child/youth services Radiation program HAZCOM Ranges Tactical Training Areas Mission Team (MSN) Mr. Busbice 4-7599 Ms. Reardon 4-2542 Range Safety Program 193 rd Brigade 165 th Brigade 157 th Brigade 171 st Brigade Accident Reporting ADSO Installation Safety Center (ISC)

109. Mission First – Safety Always OSHA Standard Implementation The Army has adopted these provisions in AR 385-10. AR 385-10 provides guidance for the implementation of OSHA in the Army “Apply OSHA and other safety and health standards to military unique equipment, systems, operations, or workplaces, in whole or in part, insofar as practicable.” AR 385-10, 3-1.c. PL 91-596 EO 11807 29 CFR 1960 DODI 6055.1

110. Mission First – Safety Always Conflicts (1)If the Army standard provides protection that is equal to, or greater, than the National Consensus Standard – Use the Army standard (2)If the National Consensus Standard provides greater protection than the Army Standard – Use the National Consensus Standard

111. Mission First – Safety Always AR 385-10 FJ 385-10

112. Mission First – Safety Always The use of Additional Duty Safety Officers (ADSOs) is mandated as a means to increase the overall scope of the safety program, providing Commanders and supervisors at all levels with an organic safety resource to assist in the oversight of their safety program. Each Directorate will have an ADSO appointed in writing. ADSOs serve in an advisory role. Directors are the Safety officers for their organizations and retain responsibility for the preservation of personnel and property. ADSOs will be given unlimited access to the Director for Safety related activities. Additional Duty Safety Officer

113. Mission First – Safety Always Provide information on safety issues and risk management programs. Provide safety training and safety briefing for employees. Conduct and document unit level inspections and surveys of unit facilities and operations. Distribute safety promotional literature and posters provided by the Safety Center. Notify the Safety Center of any safety, health, or fire prevention concerns. Schedule, attend, and record periodic organization safety committee meetings. Track, investigate, and document, and report all incidents involving injury or damage. Establish and maintain an organizational safety and occupational health bulletin board. Maintain a basic safety publications library consisting of appropriate safety, occupational health and fire prevention regulations, directives, and SOPs. Maintain a unit safety book as outlined in the Fort Jackson ADSO Handbook. Periodically meet with Director to update them on safety program. Duties & Responsibilities

114. Mission First – Safety Always Monthly –Have an agenda –Be prepared –Be timely and topical –Use external tools as appropriate (PLRs, Safety Grams, etc.) –Document attendance and topics in minutes Safety Meetings

115. Mission First – Safety Always ADSO Duties & Responsibilities Program Management Accident reporting and Recording Sources of Assistance Newcomers Safety Briefing Hazard Communication Tracking Unit Safety Checklist FJ ADSO Handbook

116. Mission First – Safety Always 1.ADSO Handbook 2.Administrative A.ADSO Appointment Orders B.Training Certificate (FJ ADSO Course) C.Training Certificate (FJ HAZCOM Course) D.Training Certificate (CRC web-based ADSO Course) 3.Unit Safety Program A. Newcomers Safety Briefings (FJSO Form 2) B. Army Traffic Safety Training Certificates 4. Hazard Abatement A.Hazard Log (HAZLOG) B.Monthly Safety Inspections (Last three completed checklists on file) C.Results of the most recent Standard Army Safety and Occupational Health Inspection conducted by the Installation Safety Office Unit Safety Book

117. Mission First – Safety Always 5. Hazard Communication Program A.Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) SOP B.HAZCOM Training Outline C.Hazardous Chemical Inventory D.HAZCOM Training Records (FJSO Form 3) 6. Safety Policy Memorandums Unit Safety Book

118. Mission First – Safety Always  Newcomers’ briefing checklist (ADSO Handbook)  Create outline to aid in ensuring all areas are covered, use FJ Form 2 as guide  Training Composite Risk Basic Management Course Distance learning, must be completed within 30 days of arrival Accident Avoidance Course Distance learning must be completed within 30 days of arrival Good for 4 years Intermediate Drivers Training/Local Hazards Course Must be completed within 30 days of arrival Provided by Safety Center Class held every Tuesday Training Documentation

119. Mission First – Safety Always Training Documentation Employee Safety Course (Distance Learning) Must be completed within 30 days of arrival Supervisor Safety Course (Distance Learning) Must be completed within 30 days of being appointed to supervisory position Manager Safety Course (Distance Learning) Deputy Director and above Must be completed within 30 days of being appointed

120. Mission First – Safety Always HAZCOM Training All personnel who use, transport, store or dispose of hazardous chemicals to include cleaning supplies Must be completed within 30 days of arrival Training must be tailored to work section and chemicals used Must be documented on FJ Form 3 Safety Fundamentals Training All employees Held every 4 th Wed/Thurs of the month 2 day course Supervisor Safety Course All supervisors Training Documentation

121. Mission First – Safety Always Current information Seasonal Information Safety grams Got risk? Preliminary loss reports Safety Bulletin Board OSHA POSTER CG Safety Policy Safety Hotline Poster DD Form 2272 FJSO Form 1 GC Safety Policy

122. Mission First – Safety Always AR/DA Pam 385-40 FJ 385-10

123. Mission First – Safety Always Incident Definitions ACCIDENT - an undesired event that results in personal injury or property damage. INCIDENT - an unplanned, undesired event that adversely affects completion of a task. NEAR MISS - incidents where no property was damaged and no personal injury sustained, but where, given a slight shift in time or position, damage and/or injury easily could have occurred. Lost Time Accident – an accident resulting in time off work

124. Mission First – Safety Always

125. 1 Serious or Major Injury 10 Minor Injuries 30 Property Damage 600 Incidents with no visible injury or damage. Near miss

126. Mission First – Safety Always 125 Costs of Accidents More expensive than realized Direct Costs WC Claims; medical costs; indemnity payments Vs Indirect Costs Training; property damage; accident investigation; increase in insurance; delays; administrative costs; low morale

127. Mission First – Safety Always Direct Vs Indirect Costs of Accidents Medical (doctor visits, physical therapy, medicine, etc.)  Reduced productivity  Accident investigation  Administrative costs  Lost time by supervisor  Costs of training replacement Overtime  Legal fees  Equipment repair  Negative publicity  Damage to customer relations Iceberg Theory

128. Mission First – Safety Always All accidents must be reported to Safety Center The following reports satisfy that requirement: Local Command Incident Reports (LCIRs) Training Accident/Incident reports (TA/IRs) If neither of these reports are filed, report to accident to Safety Center at 751-6004 Accident Reporting

129. Mission First – Safety Always Class A: Army accident in which the resulting total cost of property damage is… $2,000,000 or more; an Army aircraft or missile is destroyed, missing, or abandoned; or an injury and/or occupational illness results in a fatality or permanent total disability. Class B: Army accident in which the resulting total cost of property damage is… $500,000 or more, but less than $2,000,000; an injury and/or occupational illness results in permanent partial disability, or when three or more personnel are hospitalized as inpatients as the result of a single occurrence. Class C: Army accident in which the resulting total cost of property damage is… $50,000 or more, but less than $500,000; a nonfatal injury that causes any loss of time from work beyond the day or shift on which it occurred; or a nonfatal occupational illness that causes loss of time from work (for example, 1 work day) or disability at any time (lost time case). Class D Army accident in which the resulting total cost of property damage is…$2,000 or more but less than $20,000. Nonfatal injuries/illnesses (restricted work activity, light duty, or profile) will only be recorded in ASMIS in conjunction with recordable property damage accidents. Army Accident Classification

130. Mission First – Safety Always AGAR “Things to Remember” Count all calendar days –Weekends/holidays Describe the “mistake” –Be specific Why “mistake” happened –Root cause –i.e. lack of support, standards/procedure shortcoming, training, etc

131. Mission First – Safety Always Synopsis –Events leading up to mishap –Actual mishap sequence –Post mishap actions Corrective Actions –Describe actions taken, planned, recommended to eliminate or reduce –Prevent similar mishaps from happening –Briefing individuals is not corrective action AGAR “Things to Remember”

132. Mission First – Safety Always A hazard is any condition with the potential to cause: Injury, illness or death to personnel; Damage to, or loss of, equipment or property

133. Mission First – Safety Always Program Administration Electrical Safety Fire Safety Accident Reporting Safety Awareness Hazard Communication Driver/Operator Training Hazard tracking General Area Unit Safety Checklist

134. Mission First – Safety Always A/1-13; Bldg 4420 IssueService Order #Date Reported Date Competed Bay 1Secure loose ceiling tile at entry Bay 1 breezeway (between A& C) Unsecure mechanical room on upper breezeway: door stuck open, cannot lock/need DLE key Bay 1 breezeway (between A& C) Housekeeping: flammable items stored in metal locker; need to transfer to flammable cabinet AWAY from billets Bay 1 breezeway (between A& C) Housekeeping: excess/broken furniture & exercise equipment; need to turn-in to DRMO Bay 1 fire stairwell 2 x loose handrails on fire stairwell HAZLOG Example

135. Mission First – Safety Always SAFETY INSPECTIONS

136. Mission First – Safety Always Standard Army Safety & Occupational Health Inspections (SASOHI) Conducted annually by FJ Safety Center 30 day suspense for corrective action response Inspected areas include: Unit Safety program Unit monthly safety inspections Facility Safety Programs applicable to organization (HAZCOM, Drivers Training, etc.) Safety Office Inspections

137. Mission First – Safety Always Sequence of Events Notified of upcoming inspections – 30 days prior Walk-around inspection (ADSO and union reps) Report completed by FJSC and outbrief with Directors scheduled NLT 2 weeks after inspection Corrective actions due to FJSC – 30 days after outbrief Corrective actions must be reviewed by Director Update on corrective actions every 30 days until closed Follow up on closed items by FJSC

138. Mission First – Safety Always Determines the mishap probability and severity for safety hazards. Determine the RAC by probability that a mishap will occur and the potential mishap severity if it does happen. Implement interim control measures to reduce the level of risk associated with a particular hazard or deficiency Risk Assessment Code (RAC)

139. Mission First – Safety Always Definitions Risk - measure of the expected loss from a given hazard or group of hazards, usually estimated as the combination of the likelihood (probability) and consequences (severity) of the loss. Probability - An approximation of the likelihood of a hazard scenario occurring. Probability has no dimension but must be attached to an interval of exposure Severity - An approximation of the amount of potential harm, damage, or injury associated with a given hazard Residual risk -The risk associated with a hazard that remains after implementing all planned

140. Mission First – Safety Always Probability Frequent - Likely to occur immediately or within a short period of time Likely - Probably will occur in time Occasional - Possible to occur in time Unlikely - Unlikely to occur, but possible Key Terms

141. Mission First – Safety Always Severity: 1 – Death or permanent disability, system loss or major property damage 2 – Permanent partial disability, temporary total disability, major system damage or significant property damage 3 – Temporary disabling injury, lost workday, minor system damage or minor property damage 4 – First aid or minor supportive medical treatment or minor system impairment Key Terms

142. Mission First – Safety Always Posting of Hazards Supervisor must post notices identifying RAC 1and 2 hazards –alert employees to the hazardous condition, –any interim control measures in effect, and permanent corrective actions underway or programmed. Location - depends on the nature of the hazard and workplace operations. –Post notices on, at, or as near as possible to the hazard. However, where the nature –post notices in a prominent place where they can be seen by all affected employees.

143. Mission First – Safety Always Control Measures Interim Control Measures –Identifies temporary measures to reduce the degree of risk associated with the hazard to an "acceptable" degree –until permanent corrective actions are implemented. (Example: "Wear Type II Respirator" or "DO NOT USE.") –will not affect the assigned RAC for corrective action purposes. Permanent Corrective Action –actions in progress that will permanently eliminate the identified hazard. Include associated document number. (Examples, "Install new exhaust system)

144. Mission First – Safety Always Removal Do not remove notices until the hazard has been corrected or for 3 days, whichever is greater. Remove notices only after verification by the issuing authority that the identified hazard has been satisfactorily corrected. Important: Bring imminent danger situations to the attention of the supervisor in charge immediately. –supervisor must take immediate action to eliminate or reduce the hazard or cease operations and withdraw exposed personnel until action is taken.

145. Mission First – Safety Always General Electrical Safety Lockout/Tagout Breaker boxes:  Must be labeled,  No spaces;  Ensure three (3) ft clear access Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) required:  In wet areas (Latrines, kitchens, etc.)  Outside areas Extension cords:  Temporary use only  Inspect before each use; Do not use if damaged  Do not use as permanent wiring;  Do not splice Common Findings

146. Mission First – Safety Always General Electrical Safety

147. Mission First – Safety Always Circuit Breaker Panels

148. Mission First – Safety Always HAZCOM TRAINING Current inventories MSDS Workplace specific training Flammable storage

149. Mission First – Safety Always Emergency Egress Don’t forget the rear stairs!

150. Mission First – Safety Always Jewelry on the job

151. Mission First – Safety Always Housekeeping Smoking areas Storage rooms Common Areas

152. Mission First – Safety Always Training, testing, and Licensing required for: –Generators –Compressed gas systems (welding, cutting, simulators) –Water purification sets –Air Compressors –Material Handling Equipment –Bridging equipment –Amphibious equipment (self-propelled) –Construction equipment (all sizes and capacities) –Off-Road Equipment (all sizes and capacities) –Chain Saws –Steam Cleaners –Liquid fueled heating and cooling equipment –Pumping equipment (50 GPM and above) powered by liquid fueled engines –Printing presses –Truck Mounted mine detecting equipment –Power plants used with self-contained, portable hospital elements –Riding lawn mowers –Other items of equipment as determined by the Commander Commanders will develop written equipment training, testing and licensing programs that are in accordance with AR 600-55, original equipment manufacturer (OEM) instructions, and any applicable National Consensus Standards, such as ANSI or OSHA. PMCS required before use Training / Documentation

153. Mission First – Safety Always Take A Ten Minute Break

154. Mission First – Safety Always Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Procedures that provide the detail necessary to task or operation in an efficient, effective and safe manner Provides all necessary operation and safety and health requirements Revise when operation changes Reviewed (not to exceed 2 years) Supervisors train, observe and enforce SOP

155. Mission First – Safety Always Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) How to write an SOP Steps must be in logical order Safety procedures have to protect worker and environment Risks must be identified and steps taken to mitigated included and explained Process should be the most efficient possible

156. Mission First – Safety Always Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Requirements for reviewing SOP Not to exceed 2 years Supervisor/employee must sign indicating they have read SOP First assigned to supervise the task Beginning operation or Not performed operation in past 90 days Change is made to SOP Annually when operation is performed on continuous basis

157. Mission First – Safety Always Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Example of tasks that require an SOP  HAZCOM  Lockout/Tagout  Confined Space  Respiratory Program

158. Mission First – Safety Always Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

159. Mission First – Safety Always A job safety analysis (JSA) is a: procedure which helps integrate accepted safety and health principles and practices into a particular task or job operation. What is a JHA?

160. Mission First – Safety Always Identify previously undetected hazards increase the job knowledge of those participating. Safety and health awareness is raised, communication between workers and supervisors is improved, and acceptance of safe work procedures is promoted. Written work procedure based on it, can form the basis regular contact between supervisors and workers. Benefits of JSA

161. Mission First – Safety Always Serve as a teaching aid for initial job training and as a briefing guide for infrequent jobs. Used as a standard for health and safety inspections or observations. Assist in completing comprehensive accident investigations. Benefits of JSA

162. Mission First – Safety Always Selecting the “Right Job” Factors to be considered in setting a priority for analysis of jobs include: Accident frequency and severity: Accidents occur frequently or where they occur infrequently but result in disabling injuries. Potential for severe injuries or illnesses Consequences of an accident Hazardous condition, or exposure to harmful substance are potentially severe.

163. Mission First – Safety Always Modified jobs New hazards may be associated with changes in job procedures. Infrequently performed jobs Workers may be at greater risk when undertaking non- routine jobs Provides a means of reviewing hazards Newly established jobs Due to lack of experience, hazards may not be evident or anticipated. Selecting the “Right Job”

164. Mission First – Safety Always Basic Steps Four basic stages in conducting a JSA are: Select the job to be analyzed Break the job down into a sequence of steps Identify potential hazards Determine preventive measures to overcome these hazards

165. Mission First – Safety Always Break job into “Basic Steps" Care must be taken not to make the steps too general Missing specific steps and their associated hazards will not help Too detailed, there will be too many steps. Divide the job into two segments, each with its separate JSA, or combine steps where appropriate A rule of thumb is that most jobs can be described in less than ten steps.

166. Mission First – Safety Always Each step is recorded in sequence Make notes about what is done rather than how it is done Each item is started with an action verb Important: Keep the steps in their correct sequence. Any step which is out of order may miss serious potential hazards or introduce hazards which do not actually exist. Break job into “Basic Steps"

167. Mission First – Safety Always Watching a worker do the job. Observer should have experienced and be capable in all parts of the job Observed during normal times and situations Discussed by all the participants (always including the worker) to make that all basic steps have been noted and are in the correct order. Break job into “Basic Steps"

168. Mission First – Safety Always Identify Potential Hazards What can go wrong? What are the consequences? How could it happen? What are other contributing factors? How likely is it that the hazard will occur?

169. Mission First – Safety Always Falling Objects Chemicals Energy sources Temperature extremes Flying debris Excessive noise Workplace layout Confined spaces Ergonomics Potential Hazards

170. Mission First – Safety Always Evaluate the level of risk for each hazard Minimal Moderate Serious Determine the control measure to implement to reduce or eliminate risk Risk

171. Mission First – Safety Always Types of Controls Engineering relatively permanent can be costly can be time consuming Examples: Isolation Design Process change Work area layout Subsitution

172. Mission First – Safety Always Types of Controls Administrative Controls -Reduces employee exposure to hazard Examples: Reduce frequency Employee rotation Employee training

173. Mission First – Safety Always Types of Controls Protect the Employee Hard hats Eye protection Hearing Protection Foot wear Gloves

174. Mission First – Safety Always Example of JHA Worksheet

175. Mission First – Safety Always AR 600-55 FJ 385-10

176. Mission First – Safety Always Accident Avoidance Course (must be completed to operate a GOV/AMV) Motor Vehicle Accident Prevention (must be taken within 30 days of arrival on Fort Jackson) Drivers Training Improvement Course (Remedial training driven by traffic violations or Command direction) Training

177. Mission First – Safety Always Vehicles, (and items of equipment), that do not meet the requirements for exemption require training, testing, and licensing under the provisions of AR 600-55. Non-tactical vehicles with a GWVR less than 26,000 pounds are exempted from training and testing, provided the operator has a valid State drivers license. Not covered by this exemption: Emergency vehicles Buses designed to transport 12 or more passengers Motorcycles/Mopeds ATVs Tactical Vehicles Vehicles that transport Hazardous Materials Drivers Training – GOV/AMV

178. Mission First – Safety Always Additional operators must be annotated on dispatch PMCS required daily “Circle X” operation not authorized No smoking, eating, or drinking while operating No usage of cell phones or other electronics while operating Government Owned Vehicles

179. Mission First – Safety Always A properly fastened helmet that meets the Department of Transportation safety standards. Novelty helmets do not meet this requirement. Impact or shatter resistant goggles, wrap-around goggles, or full-face shield (attached to helmet) that meet or exceed ANSI Standard Z 87.1. Windshields or eyeglasses alone are not proper eye protection. Long pants. Long sleeved shirt or jacket. Full fingered gloves. Leather boots or over-the-ankle shoes. A brightly colored reflective safety vest. The vest will be clearly visible and not covered. A jacket that meets the same criteria (brightly colored and reflective) will satisfy this requirement. A reflective sash or belt does not satisfy the requirement as the outer garment, but should be used as an augmentation when a backpack is worn. Motorcycle Question? Call 751-RIDE (7433) Protective Equipment Requirements

180. Mission First – Safety Always Army Accident Reporting

181. Mission First – Safety Always

182. Available Training Additional Duty Safety Officer Course Hazard Communication Course Motor Vehicle Accident Prevention Course Drivers Training Improvement Course OSHA 10/30 Hour Course Radiation Safety Training (by appointment) Confined Space Course (by appointment) Respiratory Protection (by appointment) Composite Risk Management training

183. Mission First – Safety Always Available Training Preventive Medicine (4-5200) Environmental Division (4-6858) Environmental Compliance Officer Course FJ Fire Department (4-5239) Fire Prevention Fire Extinguishers

184. Mission First – Safety Always Combat Readiness Center https://crc.army.mil/home/

185. Mission First – Safety Always CRC Commander’s Corner

186. Mission First – Safety Always CRC Web-Based Training

187. Mission First – Safety Always OSHA http://osha.gov/

188. Mission First – Safety Always Fort Jackson Safety Folders \\Jacserv1\Common\1jj Reference Publications\FJ Safety Reference

189. Mission First – Safety Always PublicationTitle FJ Regulation 385-10Safety and Occupational Health FJ Regulation 385-11Heat Injury Prevention FJ Regulation 385-12Cold Weather Prevention FJ Regulation 385-13Radiation Safety Program FJ Regulation 385-55Motor Vehicle Safety FJ SOP 385-37Pyrotechnics and Simulators FJ SOP 385-38Pre-Accident Plan FJ SOP 385-64Explosive Safety Program FJ SOP 385-134Respiratory Protection Program FJ SOP 385-146Confined Space Program FJ SOP 385-147Lock Out / Tag Out FJ SOP 385-152Automatic External Defibrillators (AED) FJ SOP 385-178Powered Industrial Trucks FJ SOP 385-1200Hazard Communication Additional Duty Safety Officers Handbook Hazard Communication Handbook Risk Management Work Sheet Newcomers Guide Safety Publications

190. Mission First – Safety Always Explain the following terms –PLR –AGAR –CRC –HAZCOM –SASOHI –RM –ASMIS II –ARAP –ARAS Discussion

191. Mission First – Safety Always –Safety Switchboard751-6004 –Safety Hotline:751-SAFE (7233) –Ammunition Surveillance (QASAS):751-5472 –Asbestos Management:751-6859 –Hot/Cold Weather Injury Prevention Training:751-6081 –Emergency Operations Center (EOC):751-5166/4712 –Environmental Compliance Course:751-6858 –Explosives Ordnance Detachment (EOD):751-5126/6919 –Fire Prevention Section:751-1610/5239 –Game Warden:751-2066 –Lawnmower repair:751-6551 –Locksmith:751-7860 –Military Police Desk:751-3113/3114/3115 –Pest Management:751-6722 –Preventive Medicine751-5200 –Range Control:751-7171/4732 –Reuse Center:751-5121 –Washer/Dryer Inspector:751-7459 –Work Orders: 751-7684 Important Phone Numbers

192. Mission First – Safety Always Bloodborne Pathogens

193. Mission First – Safety Always Introduction Approximately 5.6 million workers in health care and other facilities are at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV – the virus that causes AIDS), the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens standard prescribes safeguards to protect workers against the health hazards from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials, and to reduce their risk from this exposure

194. Mission First – Safety Always Who is covered by the standard? All employees who could be “reasonably anticipated” as the result of performing their job duties to face contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials “Good Samaritan” acts such as assisting a co-worker with a nosebleed would not be considered occupational exposure

195. Mission First – Safety Always Some Workers Who are at Risk Physicians, nurses and emergency room personnel Orderlies, housekeeping personnel, and laundry workers Dentists and other dental workers Laboratory and blood bank technologists and technicians Medical examiners Morticians Law enforcement personnel Firefighters Paramedics and emergency medical technicians Anyone providing first-response medical care Medical waste treatment employees Home healthcare workers

196. Mission First – Safety Always How does exposure occur? Most common: needlesticks Cuts from other contaminated sharps (scalpels, broken glass, etc.) Contact of mucous membranes (for example, the eye, nose, mouth) or broken (cut or abraded) skin with contaminated blood

197. Mission First – Safety Always Exposure Control Plan Identifies jobs and tasks where occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material occurs Describes how the employer will: –Use engineering and work practice controls –Ensure use of personal protective equipment –Provide training –Provide medical surveillance –Provide hepatitis B vaccinations –Use signs and labels

198. Mission First – Safety Always Exposure Control Plan Written plan required Plan must be reviewed at least annually to reflect changes in: –tasks, procedures, or assignments which affect exposure, and –technology that will eliminate or reduce exposure Annual review must document employer’s consideration and implementation of safer medical devices Must solicit input from potentially exposed employees in the identification, evaluation and selection of engineering and work practice controls Plan must be accessible to employees

199. Mission First – Safety Always Universal Precautions Treat all human blood and certain body fluids as if they are infectious Must be observed in all situations where there is a potential for contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials

200. Mission First – Safety Always Engineering and Work Practice Controls These are the primary methods used to control the transmission of HBV and HIV When occupational exposure remains after engineering and work practice controls are put in place, personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used

201. Mission First – Safety Always These controls reduce employee exposure by either removing the hazard or isolating the worker. Examples: Engineering Controls Sharps disposal containers Self-sheathing needles Safer medical devices –Needleless systems –Sharps with engineered sharps injury protections

202. Mission First – Safety Always Safer Medical Devices Needless Systems: a device that does not use needles for the collection or withdrawal of body fluids, or for the administration of medication or fluids Sharps with Engineered Sharps Injury Protections: a non-needle sharp or a needle device used for withdrawing body fluids, accessing a vein or artery, or administering medications or other fluids, with a built-in safety feature or mechanism that effectively reduces the risk of an exposure incident

203. Mission First – Safety Always Work Practice Controls Wash hands after removing gloves and as soon as possible after exposure Do not bend or break sharps No food or smoking in work areas These controls reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering how a task is performed. Examples:

204. Mission First – Safety Always Personal Protective Equipment Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials Must be properly cleaned, laundered, repaired, and disposed of at no cost to employees Must be removed when leaving area or upon contamination

205. Mission First – Safety Always Examples of PPE Gloves Gowns Face shields Eye protection Mouthpieces and resuscitation devices

206. Mission First – Safety Always Housekeeping Location within the facility Type of surface to be cleaned Type of soil present Tasks or procedures being performed Must develop a written schedule for cleaning and decontamination at the work site based on the:

207. Mission First – Safety Always Housekeeping (cont’d) After completion of procedures, When surfaces are contaminated, and At the end of the work shift Work surfaces must be decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant:

208. Mission First – Safety Always Regulated Waste Must be placed in closeable, leak-proof containers built to contain all contents during handling, storing, transporting or shipping and be appropriately labeled or color-coded.

209. Mission First – Safety Always Laundry Handle contaminated laundry as little as possible and use PPE Must be bagged or containerized at location where used No sorting or rinsing at location where used Must be placed and transported in labeled or color-coded containers

210. Mission First – Safety Always Hepatitis B Vaccination Requirements Must make available, free of charge at a reasonable time and place, to all employees at risk of exposure within 10 working days of initial assignment unless: –employee has had the vaccination –antibody testing reveals immunity The vaccination must be performed by a licensed healthcare professional

211. Mission First – Safety Always Hepatitis B Vaccination Requirements (cont’d) Must be provided even if employee initially declines but later decides to accept the vaccination Employees who decline the vaccination must sign a declination form Employees are not required to participate in antibody prescreening program to receive vaccination series Vaccination booster doses must be provided if recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service

212. Mission First – Safety Always What to do if an exposure occurs? Wash exposed area with soap and water Flush splashes to nose, mouth, or skin with water Irrigate eyes with water or saline Report the exposure Direct the worker to a healthcare professional

213. Mission First – Safety Always Post-Exposure Follow-Up Document routes of exposure and how exposure occurred Record injuries from contaminated sharps in a sharps injury log, if required Obtain consent from the source individual and the exposed employee and test blood as soon as possible after the exposure incident Provide risk counseling and offer post-exposure protective treatment for disease when medically indicated in accordance with current U.S. Public Health Service guidelines Provide written opinion of findings to employer and copy to employee within 15 days of the evaluation

214. Mission First – Safety Always Biohazard Warning Labels Warning labels required on: –Containers of regulated waste –Refrigerators and freezers containing blood and other potentially infectious materials –Other containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or other potentially infectious materials Red bags or containers may be substituted for labels

215. Mission First – Safety Always Training Requirements Provide at no cost to employees during working hours Provide at time of initial assignment to a job with occupational exposure and at least annually thereafter Additional training needed when existing tasks are modified or new tasks are required which affect the worker’s occupational exposure Maintain training records for 3 years

216. Mission First – Safety Always Training Elements Copy of the standard Modes of transmission Site-specific exposure control plan Hazard recognition Use of engineering controls, work practices and PPE Live question and answer sessions

217. Mission First – Safety Always Medical Recordkeeping Requirements Employee’s name and social security number Employee’s hepatitis B vaccination status Results of examinations, medical testing, and post- exposure evaluation and follow-up procedures Health care professional’s written opinion Information provided to the health care professional Employee medical records must be kept confidential and not disclosed or reported without the employee’s written consent (unless required by law) Medical records must be maintained for duration of employment plus 30 years according to OSHA’s rule governing access to employee exposure and medical records

218. Mission First – Safety Always Sharps Injury Log Employers must maintain a sharps injury log for the recording of injuries from contaminated sharps The log must be maintained in a way that ensures employee privacy and must contain, at a minimum: –Type and brand of device involved in the incident –Location of the incident –Description of the incident

219. Mission First – Safety Always Summary OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens standard prescribes safeguards to protect workers against the health hazards from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials, and to reduce their risk from this exposure Implementation of this standard not only will prevent hepatitis B cases, but also will significantly reduce the risk of workers contracting AIDS, Hepatitis C, or other bloodborne diseases

220. Mission First – Safety Always CFR 1910 Subpart P Hand and Portable Powered Tools

221. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools Portable circular saws. 1910.243(a)(1)(i) –The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. –When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to covering position.

222. Mission First – Safety Always When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to covering position. Guarding of Portable Powered Tools

223. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools Switches/Controls. 1910.243(a)(2)(i) –All hand-held powered circular saws having a blade diameter greater than 2 inches, chain saws, and percussion tools without positive accessory holding means shall be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control that will shut off the power when the pressure is released.

224. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools Switches/Controls. 1910.243(a)(2)(ii) –All hand-held powered drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders or disc sanders with wheels greater than 2 inches in diameter and other similarly operating powered tools shall be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control, –and may have a lock-on control provided that turnoff can be accomplished by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on.

225. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools Portable belt sanding machines 1910.243(a)(3) –Belt sanding machines provided with guards at each nip point where the sanding belt runs onto a pulley. –The unused run of the sanding belt shall be guarded against accidental contact.

226. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(a)(5) Grounding. –Portable electric powered tools shall meet the electrical requirements of subpart S of this part.

227. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.269. Hand and Portable Power Tools –Cord and plug connected equipment must be equipped with a cord containing an equipment grounding conductor connected to the tool frame and to a means for grounding the other end –Or be of the double insulated type

228. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(b) Pneumatic powered tools and hose - 1910.243(b)(1) A tool retainer shall be installed on each piece of equipment which, without such a retainer, may eject the tool. 1910.243(b)(2) Hose and hose connections shall be designed for the pressure and service to which they are subjected.

229. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools Mounting and inspection of abrasive wheels. 1910.243(c)(5)(i) –The spindle speed of the machine shall be checked before mounting of the wheel to be certain that it does not exceed the maximum operating speed marked on the wheel.

230. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d) Explosive actuated fastening tools - 1910.243(d)(1) General requirements. 1910.243(d)(1)(i) Explosive-actuated fastening tools and propel a stud, pin, fastener, affixing it by penetration to any other object shall meet the design requirements in "American National Standard Safety Requirements for Explosive-Actuated Fastening Tools," ANSI A10.3-1970, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6. This requirement does not apply to devices designed for attaching objects to soft construction materials, such as wood, plaster, tar, dry wallboard, and the like, or to stud welding equipment.

231. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d) Explosive actuated fastening tools - 1910.243(d)(1)(ii) –Operators and assistants using tools shall be safeguarded by means of eye protection. –Head and face protection shall be used, as required by working conditions, as set forth in Subpart I.

232. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d)(2)(i) Explosive actuated fastening tools - –High-velocity tools. 1910.243(d)(2)(i)(a) The muzzle end of the tool shall have a protective shield or guard at least 3 1/2 inches in diameter, mounted perpendicular to and concentric with the barrel, and designed to confine any flying fragments or particles that might otherwise create a hazard at the time of firing.

233. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d) Explosive actuated fastening tools - 1910.243(d)(2)(i) –High-velocity tools. 1910.243(d)(2)(i)(b) Where a standard shield or guard cannot be used, or where it does not cover all apparent avenues through which flying particles might escape, a special shield, guard, fixture, or jig designed and built by the manufacturer of the tool being used, which provides this degree of protection, shall be used as a substitute.

234. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d) Explosive actuated fastening tools - 1910.243(d)(2)(i) High-velocity tools (applies to low-velocity tools as well). –1910.243(d)(2)(i)(c) Designed that it cannot be fired unless it is equipped with a standard protective shield. –1910.243(d)(2)(i)(d)(1) The firing mechanism shall be designed that the tool cannot fire during loading or preparation to fire, or if the tool should be dropped while loaded. –1910.243(d)(2)(i)(d)(2) Firing of the tool shall be dependent upon at least two separate and distinct operations of the operator, with the final firing movement being separate from the operation of bringing the tool into the firing position.

235. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d) Explosive actuated fastening tools - 1910.243(d)(2)(i) –High-velocity tools. 1910.243(d)(2)(i)(e) The tool shall be so designed as not to be operable other than against a work surface, and unless the operator is holding the tool against the work surface with a force at least 5 pounds greater than the total weight of the tool.

236. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d) Explosive actuated fastening tools - 1910.243(d)(2)(i) –High-velocity tools. 1910.243(d)(2)(i)(f) –The tool shall be so designed that it will not operate when equipped with the standard guard indexed to the center position if any bearing surface of the guard is tilted more than 8 deg. from contact with the work surface. 8º Note: Angle at left is larger than 8º, and is for reference only

237. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d) Explosive actuated fastening tools - 1910.243(d)(2)(i) High-velocity tools (applies to low-velocity tools as well). –1910.243(d)(2)(i)(g) The tool shall be so designed to make it possible for the operator to select a power level adequate to perform the desired work without excessive force. –1910.243(d)(2)(i)(h) The tool shall be so designed that all breeching parts will be reasonably visible to allow a check for any foreign matter that may be present.

238. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d) Explosive actuated fastening tools - 1910.243(d)(2)(ii) –Low-velocity tools. 1910.243(d)(2)(ii)(a) The muzzle end of the tool shall be designed so that a standard spall shield shall be supplied with each tool. 1910.243(d)(2)(ii)(b)(1) The tool shall be designed so that it shall not in ordinary usage propel or discharge a stud, pin, or fastener while loading or during preparation to fire, or if the tool should be dropped while loaded.

239. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d)(4) Operating requirements. 1910.243(d)(4)(i) Before using a tool, the operator shall inspect it to determine to his satisfaction that it is clean, that all moving parts operate freely, and that the barrel is free from obstructions. 1910.243(d)(4)(ii) When a tool develops a defect during use, the operator shall immediately cease to use it, until it is properly repaired. 1910.243(d)(4)(iii) Tools shall not be loaded until just prior to the intended firing time. Neither loaded nor empty tools are to be pointed at any workmen.

240. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d)(4) Operating requirements. 1910.243(d)(4)(iv) No tools shall be loaded unless being prepared for immediate use, nor shall an unattended tool be left loaded. 1910.243(d)(4)(v) In case of a misfire, the operator shall hold the tool in the operating position for at least 30 seconds. He shall then try to operate the tool a second time. He shall wait another 30 seconds, holding the tool in the operating position; then he shall proceed to remove the explosive load in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 1910.243(d)(4)(vi) A tool shall never be left unattended in a place where it would be available to unauthorized persons.

241. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(d)(4) Operating requirements. 1910.243(d)(4)(vii) Fasteners shall not be driven into very hard or brittle materials including, but not limited to, cast iron, glazed tile, surface-hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick, or hollow tile. 1910.243(d)(4)(viii) Driving into materials easily penetrated shall be avoided unless such materials are backed by a substance that will prevent the pin or fastener from passing completely through and creating a flying-missile hazard on the other side.

242. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools Operating requirements: 1910.243(d)(4)(ix)(a) Fasteners shall not be driven directly into materials such as brick or concrete closer than 3 inches from the unsupported edge or corner, or into steel surfaces closer than one-half inch from the unsupported edge or corner, unless a special guard, fixture, or jig is used. (Exception: Low-velocity tools may drive no closer than 2 inches from an edge in concrete or one-fourth inch in steel.)

243. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(e) Lawnmowers –All power-driven chains, belts, and gears shall be so positioned or otherwise guarded to prevent the operator's accidental contact therewith, during normal starting, mounting, and operation of the machine.

244. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools Lawnmowers 1910.243(e)(1)(iii) –A shutoff device provided to stop operation of the motor or engine and require manual and intentional reactivation to restart the motor or engine. 1910.243(e)(1)(iv) –All positions of the operating controls shall be clearly identified. 1910.243(e)(1)(v) –The words, "Caution. Be sure the operating control(s) is in neutral before starting the engine," or similar wording shall be clearly visible at an engine starting control point on self- propelled mowers.

245. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(e) Lawnmowers –1910.243(e)(2) Walk-behind and riding rotary mowers. –1910.243(e)(2)(i) The mower blade shall be enclosed except on the bottom and the enclosure shall extend to or below the lowest cutting point of the blade in the lowest blade position.

246. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(e)(2)(iii) Openings in the blade enclosure, intended for the discharge of grass, shall be limited to a maximum vertical angle of the opening of 30 deg. 1910.243(e)(2)(iv) The total effective opening area of the grass discharge opening(s) shall not exceed 1,000 square degrees on units having a width of cut less than 27 1/2 inches, or 2,000 square degrees on units having a width of cut 27 1/2 inches or over. 1910.243(e)(2)(v) The word "Caution." or stronger wording, shall be placed on the mower at or near each discharge opening.

247. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(e) Lawnmowers 1910.243(e)(4) –Riding rotary mowers. 1910.243(e)(4)(i) –The highest point(s) of all openings in the blade enclosure, front shall be limited by a vertical angle of opening of 15 deg. and a maximum distance of 1 1/4 inches above the lowest cutting point of the blade in the lowest blade position. 1910.243(e)(4)(ii) –Opening(s) shall be placed so that grass or debris will not discharge directly toward any part of an operator seated in a normal operator position.

248. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 1910.243(e)(4) –Riding rotary mowers. 1910.243(e)(4)(iii) There shall be one of the following at all openings in the blade enclosure intended for the discharge of grass: –1910.243(e)(4)(iii)(a) A minimum unobstructed horizontal distance of 6 inches from the end of the discharge chute to the blade tip circle. –1910.243(e)(4)(iii)(b) A rigid bar fastened across the discharge opening, secured to prevent removal without the use of tools. The bottom of the bar shall be no higher than the bottom edge of the blade enclosure.

249. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Tools 1910.244(a) Jacks - 1910.244(a)(1) Loading and marking. –1910.244(a)(1)(i) The operator shall make sure that the jack used has a rating sufficient to lift and sustain the load. –1910.244(a)(1)(ii) The rated load shall be legibly and permanently marked in a prominent location on the jack by casting, stamping, or other suitable means.

250. Mission First – Safety Always Guarding of Portable Tools 1910.244(a)(2) Operation and maintenance. –1910.244(a)(2)(i) In the absence of a firm foundation, the base of the jack shall be blocked. If there is a possibility of slippage of the cap, a block shall be placed in between the cap and the load. –1910.244(a)(2)(ii) The operator shall watch the stop indicator, which shall be kept clean, in order to determine the limit of travel. The indicated limit shall not be overrun. –1910.244(a)(2)(iii) After the load has been raised, it shall be cribbed, blocked, or otherwise secured at once.

251. Mission First – Safety Always Safety and Health Programs

252. Mission First – Safety Always Benefits of Effective Safety and Health Programs Reduce work related injuries and illnesses Improve morale and productivity Reduce workers’ compensation costs

253. Mission First – Safety Always Major Elements An effective occupational safety and health program includes the following four elements:  Management commitment and employee involvement  Worksite analysis  Hazard prevention and control  Safety and health training

254. Mission First – Safety Always Management Commitment and Employee Involvement These are complementary elements Management commitment provides motivation and resources Employee involvement allows workers to develop and express commitment to safety and health

255. Mission First – Safety Always Policy and Goals Clearly state a worksite safety and health policy Establish and communicate a clear goal and objective for the safety and health program Involve top management in implementing the program

256. Mission First – Safety Always Employee Involvement Encourage employees to get involved in the program and in decisions that affect their safety and health Communicate responsibility for all program aspects

257. Mission First – Safety Always Responsibility Parties responsible for the safety and health program must have authority and resources Managers, supervisors, and employees must be held accountable for meeting their responsibilities Program operations must be reviewed at least annually, to evaluate, identify deficiencies, and revise, as needed

258. Mission First – Safety Always Worksite Analysis Examine the worksite and identify: -- existing hazards -- conditions and operations where changes might occur to create hazards Management must actively analyze the work and the worksite to anticipate and prevent harmful occurrences

259. Mission First – Safety Always Comprehensive Survey Conduct a comprehensive baseline survey for safety and health Job Hazard Analysis Who may help you: -- OSHA Consultation Program -- Insurance companies -- Consultants

260. Mission First – Safety Always Safety and Health Inspections Conduct regular (usually weekly) site inspections Establish daily work area inspection procedures Develop and use a checklist Provide a reliable system for employees, without fear of reprisal, to notify management about apparent hazardous conditions and to receive timely and appropriate responses

261. Mission First – Safety Always Additional Worksite Analysis Investigate accidents and “near miss” incidents, so that their causes and means for prevention are identified Analyze injury and illness trends, so that common cause patterns can be identified and prevented

262. Mission First – Safety Always Hazard Prevention and Control Start by determining that a hazard or potential hazard exists Where feasible, prevent hazards by effective design of job or job site If the hazard cannot be eliminated, use hazard controls Eliminate or control hazards in a timely manner

263. Mission First – Safety Always Controlling the Hazards Engineering controls Administrative controls Personal protective equipment Safe work practices communicated –via training, positive reinforcement, –correction of unsafe performance, –and enforcement To prevent and control hazards:

264. Mission First – Safety Always Hazard Prevention Planning Maintain the facility and equipment Emergency planning  Training and drills, as needed Medical program  First aid on site  Physician and emergency care nearby

265. Mission First – Safety Always Safety and Health Training Address the safety and health responsibilities of all personnel Incorporate it into other training and job performance/practice

266. Mission First – Safety Always Safety and Health Orientation Employees must understand the hazards they may be exposed to and how to prevent harm to themselves and others from hazard exposure Orientation training must be given to site and contract workers

267. Mission First – Safety Always Supervisor Responsibilities Analyze work to identify potential hazards in area of responsibility Maintain physical protections in work areas Reinforce employee training through performance feedback and, if needed, enforcement of safe work practices

268. Mission First – Safety Always Specific Training Needs Hazard recognition Training required in standards Emergency response Accident investigation Emergency drills

269. Mission First – Safety Always Summary Reduce work related injuries and illnesses Improve morale and productivity Reduce workers’ compensation costs Include these four elements:  Management commitment and employee involvement  Worksite analysis  Hazard prevention and control  Safety and health training Effective worker safety and health programs: