1. Europe Notes Packet

2. Directions As we go through the PowerPoint, fill in the blanks. The answers will be the ones that are in bold print and underlined

3. Europe Notes Packet: Physical Geography The Ruhr is a region of western Germany with rich soil and mineral deposits. Farming has been the traditional use of the land. Beginning in the 1800s, coal companies moved in and increasingly exploited the mineral deposits. Today, there are over 300 coal mines in the region. The shift in the use of this land was caused by industrialization which led to the need for the coal in the region.

4. Europe Notes Packet: Physical Geography Much of Northern and Western Europe has a Marine West Coast type of climate. The marine west Coast climate in Europe is caused by the prevailing westerly winds off the Atlantic Ocean.

5. Europe Notes Packet: Physical Geography Much of Southern Europe has a Mediterranean type of climate. The Mediterranean climate in Europe is characterized by warm dry summers.

6. Europe Notes Packet: Physical Geography A polder is land that has been reclaimed from the sea in the Netherlands. The land is low lying (it was once underwater) and is cut off from the water by an embankment or dike. A polder is an example of a European nation's use of technology that has lasting social, environmental, and economic impacts.

7. Europe Notes Packet: Physical Geography Spain built Europe's first desalination plant nearly 40 years ago and is the largest user of this technology in the Western world. Spanish companies lead the market, operating in regions including India, the Middle East, and North America. Spanish innovation contributes to bringing sustainable clean water to millions.

8. Europe Notes Packet: Physical Geography In Europe, in general, the larger a country is, the more people it has living there. For example, Germany has a higher population than Sweden.

9. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Eastern Europe is a land of many languages. This has led to difficulty in the unification of Eastern Europe.

10. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography In recent decades Europe has had a large amount of immigration into the region. The main reason for this immigration is that people hope to improve their economic situation (Pull Factor).

11. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography The French government imposes a quota on the importation of foreign movies. For every seven foreign movies shown, a theater in France must show one domestically-produced movie. The reason for this policy is to protect against a loss of French culture. They worry about American films having too much influence.

12. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Europe’s political boundaries have changed a great deal since the early 1990s. The primary reason for this is because of the Fall of Communism.

13. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Supranationalism is the belief in something bigger than your nation. In Europe this takes the form of believing in the European Union. Federalism in the United States compares to Supranationalism in the European Union.

14. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Standards of Living: If a country has a HIGH life expectancy and a LOW infant mortality rate, they probably have a HIGH standard of living. If a country has a LOW life expectancy and a HIGH infant mortality rate, they probably have a LOW standard of living.

15. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Because of Decades of Communism in Eastern Europe, most of the countries in Eastern Europe are less Developed than the rest of Europe

16. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Like many countries in Europe France has a socialist type of economy. That means that the government owns some or all of the major industries and natural resources. On the economic spectrum, that means France is near the middle, where socialism is.

17. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Seven current-day countries were once part of the nation of Yugoslavia: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo and Slovenia. Yugoslavia (1918–1941) was formed as the "Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes" after World War I. These three ethnic groups had inhabited the area since the 1600s. Starting in 1991, Yugoslavia disintegrated into wars, which were followed by the secession of most of the republic's former ethnic states. The human process that had the greatest influence on the partitioning of the Republic of Yugoslavia was the desire of the different groups to maintain their own cultural identity.

18. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Europe has a mixture of many different religions: In the North it is mostly Protestant. In the South and West it is mostly Catholic. In the East it is mostly Orthodox. There are large Jewish populations in all the major cities. We can generalize that much of Europe is predominately Christian. The Christian religions are: Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox.

19. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Much of the recent immigration to Western Europe is coming from the Middle East and North Africa. Since those two areas are mostly Islamic, we can assume that Islam is the religion that is most likely to increase in Western Europe over the next twenty years.

20. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Christianity was the religion of the Roman Empire. The Catholic religion is a Christian religion. The spread of the Catholic religion in Europe is an example of cultural diffusion because it happened because the power and reach of the Roman Empire brought Christianity to much of Europe.

21. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Terrorism is an attack that is unexpected and often involves injury or death to civilians. Two areas of Europe are experiencing Terrorism: Spain: A group that wants to be independent (the Basques) is using car bombings to make their point. This group has killed more than 825 people in Spain and France since 1968. Northern Ireland: A group is killing people trying to get English soldiers and influence out of their country. The reason for these two groups to use terrorist methods is because of a desire for political separation and independence from their current countries.

22. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography European Union – The Council of the European Union: Each country has a number of votes based mostly on the size of the population, but there is a weighting formula that favors smaller countries, giving them more voice than they otherwise would have. A few of the smaller countries that benefit (are helped) by the voting rules are Cyprus, Luxembourg, and Malta. Most decisions are taken by majority vote.

23. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography High Speed Rail in Europe: In countries along the Atlantic Ocean, more people have demand for high speed transportation in and out of the capital cities. In all of Europe the demand for High Speed rail technology is because of tourism to Europe from other parts of the world, The European Union creating connections across political lines for work and trade, and a need for daytime travel so that business can be conducted without overnight stays.

25. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography The parts of Europe that would be most likely to have a Quaternary type of economic activity would be the parts that have a LOW level of Agricultural Employment. According to this map, that would be the Northern and Western parts of Europe.

26. Europe Notes Packet: Human Geography Countries that would be more like to have a combination of Primary and Secondary economic type of activity would be those that have a MEDIUM - HIGH level of Agricultural Employment. According to this map, that would be Albania and Romania.