1. L.O. To learn how to answer ‘How useful is this source …..’ questions.

2. These questions ask you to evaluate what is in the source AND whether the source is good as evidence (this means is it reliable or typical?)

3. Practice: How useful is this source to a historian studying the development of surgery in the nineteenth century? [8] PeriodNumber of Amputations% of patients who died 1864-66 3547.5 1867-70 4015.0 The results carried out at Glasgow Infirmary. The figures come from Joseph Lister’s personal records. From 1867 carbolic acid was used as an antiseptic at the Infirmary

4. Practice: How useful is this source to a historian studying the development of surgery in the nineteenth century? PeriodNumber of Amputations% of patients who died 1864-66 3547.5 1867-70 4015.0 The results carried out at Glasgow Infirmary. The figures come from Joseph Lister’s personal records. From 1867 carbolic acid was used as an antiseptic at the Infirmary

5. Level 2: Saying it is useful of not based on the information in the source. It is very useful as it tells me that death rates went down. [2] Level 3: Useful because I can make these INFERENCES. This source is extremely useful. The death rate dropped after 1867, this is the same time that carbolic acid was introduced so I can conclude that carbolic acid was effective at killing germs. OR a cross reference against another source.

6. Level 4: Level 2 or 3 and answer based on the source as good evidence (reliability, is it typical, can false inferences be made). It is extremely useful as it tells me about the effectiveness of carbolic acid. Death rates dropped from 45.7% to 15% after the Infirmary started to use carbolic acid. This shows me that it must have been good at killing germs and stopping infection [level 3]. I think this source is useful as it is very reliable – the results are taken from Lister’s own records and he would not lie in his personal files. [level 4]. Of course, we have to be careful as the results are only from one hospital. The results might not have been the same in all hospitals [level 4 – typical?]

7. How useful is this source to an historian studying medieval public health? A plan of the design of the water system on Canterbury Cathedral, drawn by the engineer who designed it in 1153. Water Tower Toilets Water Pipes

8. Level 2. This source is very useful as it tells me about the health systems in monasteries. I can see that they had different buildings for different purposes. [2] Level 3: This source is very useful as it tells me about the health systems in a monastery. I can see from the picture that they had water pipes, this would mean that the health was good as they had clean water. It tells me that monasteries were good places to live as they had good public health.

9. This source tells me that public health in monasteries was good. They had water pipes meaning that they had fresh water and this would make them more healthy. However, it does not tell me about other monasteries, it could be the only one which had such a good system. It also does not show me what public health was like in other areas – I can see from source B that public health was bad in the towns as they had no clean water. [8]