1. Romanticism

2. Romanticism 101 1750 – 1870 1750 – 1870 Romanticism represented an artistic and intellectual rebellion against the logic and reason of Neo-Classicism. Romanticism represented an artistic and intellectual rebellion against the logic and reason of Neo-Classicism. Romanticism emphasized intuition, imagination, and emotion. Romanticism emphasized intuition, imagination, and emotion.

3. Romanticism Visual Art

4. Romantic Art Art during the Romantic Period reflected a return to a love of nature and an appreciation of freedom, emotion, sentimentality, and spontaneity. Art during the Romantic Period reflected a return to a love of nature and an appreciation of freedom, emotion, sentimentality, and spontaneity.

5. Eugène Delacroix. Liberty Leading the People. 1830. Oil on canvas. 260 × 325 cm, 102.4 × 128.0 in. Louvre, Paris.

6. Romantic Art 101 Philosophy Philosophy Intuition, emotion, and imagination Intuition, emotion, and imagination Inspiration Inspiration Medieval and Baroque Eras Medieval and Baroque Eras Color Color Unrestrained, deep, rich shades Unrestrained, deep, rich shades Subjects Subjects Legends, nature, violence Legends, nature, violence

7. Romantic Art 101 Genres Genres Narratives of heroic struggle, landscapes, wild animals Narratives of heroic struggle, landscapes, wild animals Technique Technique Quick brushstrokes, strong light-and-shade contrasts Quick brushstrokes, strong light-and-shade contrasts Composition Composition Use of diagonal Use of diagonal

8. J.M.W. Turner, The fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up, 1838; Oil on canvas, National Gallery, London.

9. Romantic Art 101 Painting Painting Most common art form during the Romantic Era Most common art form during the Romantic Era Sculpture Sculpture Strongly influenced by the Neo-Classical style Strongly influenced by the Neo-Classical style Swirling fabrics, strong facial expressions, and dynamic compositions Swirling fabrics, strong facial expressions, and dynamic compositions

10. Romantic Art 101 Architecture Architecture Revival of the Gothic style and a variety of influences, including Neo-Classical and the exotic styles from India and the Middle East. Revival of the Gothic style and a variety of influences, including Neo-Classical and the exotic styles from India and the Middle East. The “romantic” style was left behind as the architect started to become more focused on the turn of the 20 th century The “romantic” style was left behind as the architect started to become more focused on the turn of the 20 th century

11. Romantic Art 101 Photography Photography Debuted in the mid-19 th century with the introduction of the daguerreotype: Debuted in the mid-19 th century with the introduction of the daguerreotype: the image is exposed directly the image is exposed directly onto a mirror-polished onto a mirror-polished surface of silver bearing a surface of silver bearing a coating of silver halide coating of silver halide particles deposited by particles deposited by iodine vapor. iodine vapor. Predecessors took hours Predecessors took hours to expose to expose

12. Innovations in Art The Machine Age The Machine Age Wider range of colors became available with the use of chemical pigments. Before, artists used earth colors where pigments came from minerals in the earth. Wider range of colors became available with the use of chemical pigments. Before, artists used earth colors where pigments came from minerals in the earth. Invention of the collapsible tin tube for paint which made the artist’s studio more portable. Invention of the collapsible tin tube for paint which made the artist’s studio more portable.

13. Francisco Goya 1746 – 1828 1746 – 1828 Lifelong rebel Lifelong rebel regarded both as the last of the Old Masters and as the first of the moderns regarded both as the last of the Old Masters and as the first of the moderns Fits no “category” Fits no “category”

14. Francisco Goya. The Family of Charles IV, 1800. Oil on canvas.

15. Francisco Goya Romantic Painter Romantic Painter combining passion and emotional spirit with the influence of war and turmoil in his Spanish homeland. combining passion and emotional spirit with the influence of war and turmoil in his Spanish homeland. Modern Painter Modern Painter nightmarish visions exposing the evil human nature and original technique or slashing brushstrokes nightmarish visions exposing the evil human nature and original technique or slashing brushstrokes

16. Francisco Goya A near-fatal illness left him totally deaf in 1792. during recovery, he was left isolated from society where he began to paint demons of his inner fantasy world. A near-fatal illness left him totally deaf in 1792. during recovery, he was left isolated from society where he began to paint demons of his inner fantasy world. “The Third of May, 1808” is a response to the slaughter of 5,000 Spanish civilians (who revolted against the French army). “The Third of May, 1808” is a response to the slaughter of 5,000 Spanish civilians (who revolted against the French army).

17. Francisco Goya. The Third of May 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid, 1814. Oil on canvas, 266 х 345 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid.

18. Francisco Goya In other paintings of that time, warfare was always presented as a glorious pageant and soldiers as heroes. Goya contrasted the victims faces and despairing gestures with the faceless, machine-like figures of the firing squad. In other paintings of that time, warfare was always presented as a glorious pageant and soldiers as heroes. Goya contrasted the victims faces and despairing gestures with the faceless, machine-like figures of the firing squad. Even though he was deaf, Goya was still able to passionately communicate his strong feelings about the brutality and dehumanization of war. Even though he was deaf, Goya was still able to passionately communicate his strong feelings about the brutality and dehumanization of war.

19. Francisco Goya Black paintings Black paintings Paintings of satire he did on the walls of his villa, Quinta del Sordo (house of the Deaf). Paintings of satire he did on the walls of his villa, Quinta del Sordo (house of the Deaf). Fourteen large murals in black, brown, and gray. Fourteen large murals in black, brown, and gray. Died in France, in self-imposed exile. Died in France, in self-imposed exile.

20. Saturn Devouring his Son, 1819. The title, like all those given to the Black Paintings, was assigned by others after Goya's death.

21. John Constable 1776 – 1837 1776 – 1837 Was not well-received until later in his career. Was not well-received until later in his career. Known for his landscape paintings Known for his landscape paintings Believed landscapes should be based on observation Believed landscapes should be based on observation

22. John Constable. Dedham Vale 1802. Oil on canvas. 145 x 122 cm. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

23. John Constable. The Hay Wain. 1821. Oil on canvas. 130 × 185 cm, 51.2 × 72.8 in. Nation Gallery, London..

24. John Constable. Salisbury Cathedral. 1825. Oil on canvas.

25. John Constable. Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows. 1829. Oil on canvas. 151.8 × 189.9 cm. Nation Gallery, London..

26. Romanticism Music

27. Richard Wagner 1813 – 1883 1813 – 1883 German composer known for his operas or “musical dramas” German composer known for his operas or “musical dramas” Considered as a self- taught musician Considered as a self- taught musician

28. Wagner’s Vision Wrote several essays describing his ideas on operas Wrote several essays describing his ideas on operas “The Artwork of the Future” in 1849 and “Opera un Drama” in 1850 “The Artwork of the Future” in 1849 and “Opera un Drama” in 1850 Idea of Gesamtkunstwerk, which is German for "total," "integrated," or "complete artwork" Idea of Gesamtkunstwerk, which is German for "total," "integrated," or "complete artwork"

29. The Ring Cycle Der Ring Nibelungen or “The Ring of the Nibelung” www.utexas.edu/courses/wagner/home.html Der Ring Nibelungen or “The Ring of the Nibelung” www.utexas.edu/courses/wagner/home.html www.utexas.edu/courses/wagner/home.html Four piece opera Wagner started in 1853 while in exile. Four piece opera Wagner started in 1853 while in exile. 14 ½ hours long 14 ½ hours long Was not completed until 1876 when it premiered at the Bayreuth Festpielhaus. Was not completed until 1876 when it premiered at the Bayreuth Festpielhaus. Even though is was a successful artistic piece, it was a financial disaster because of the money put into it. Even though is was a successful artistic piece, it was a financial disaster because of the money put into it.

30. Tristan and Isolde Opera which halted Wagner’s work on The Ring Cycle. Opera which halted Wagner’s work on The Ring Cycle. Written in 1856 and premiered in 1865. Written in 1856 and premiered in 1865. Inspired by his emotions and affair with Mathilde Wesendonk, the wife of a Swiss industrialist and one of Wagner’s patrons. Inspired by his emotions and affair with Mathilde Wesendonk, the wife of a Swiss industrialist and one of Wagner’s patrons.

31. Wagner’s Vision Wagner was critical of the opera of his time which he felt emphasized the music too heavily and did not contain quality drama. He placed great importance on "mood setting" elements, such as a darkened theater, sound effects, and seating arrangements which focused the attention of the audience on the stage, completely immersing them in the imaginary world of the music drama. Wagner was critical of the opera of his time which he felt emphasized the music too heavily and did not contain quality drama. He placed great importance on "mood setting" elements, such as a darkened theater, sound effects, and seating arrangements which focused the attention of the audience on the stage, completely immersing them in the imaginary world of the music drama.

32. Wagner’s Vision Wagner spent much time and money to build an opera house suitable to stage his work. Wagner spent much time and money to build an opera house suitable to stage his work. Bayreuth Festpielhaus or “Festival House” Bayreuth Festpielhaus or “Festival House” Recessed orchestra pit that puts the orchestra completely out of sight from the audience so that they could concentrate just on the stage. Recessed orchestra pit that puts the orchestra completely out of sight from the audience so that they could concentrate just on the stage. Double proscenium that gave the illusion of more space between the audience and the stage. Double proscenium that gave the illusion of more space between the audience and the stage.

33. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1840 – 1893 1840 – 1893 Russian composer Russian composer Known for his contributions to classical ballet Known for his contributions to classical ballet

34. Tchaikovsky - Childhood Interested in music at an early age but his parents encouraged him to be a lawyer. His first composition was written at age 4, for his mother. He began piano lessons at age 5. Interested in music at an early age but his parents encouraged him to be a lawyer. His first composition was written at age 4, for his mother. He began piano lessons at age 5.

35. Tchaikovsky - Youth Attended law school for 9 years, where he began composing. He also sang in the choir. He graduated law school and became a law clerk. After 4 years he resigned to attend the St. Petersburg Conservatory to study harmony, composition, form, orchestration, flute and organ. He graduated after 3 years. Attended law school for 9 years, where he began composing. He also sang in the choir. He graduated law school and became a law clerk. After 4 years he resigned to attend the St. Petersburg Conservatory to study harmony, composition, form, orchestration, flute and organ. He graduated after 3 years.

36. Tchaikovsky’s Music His compositions contained many Russian folk tunes. His compositions contained many Russian folk tunes. His music was very nationalistic. His music was very nationalistic. He wrote: He wrote: 3 ballets 3 ballets 11 operas 11 operas 8 symphonies 8 symphonies 4 orchestral suites 4 orchestral suites Many other works Many other works

37. Tchaikovsky - Works Swan Lake Swan Lake His first ballet. His first ballet. Completed in 1875. Completed in 1875. The Sleeping Beauty The Sleeping Beauty Commissioned ballet in 1889 Commissioned ballet in 1889 The Nutcracker The Nutcracker Most celebrated work. Most celebrated work. 1890 1890

38. Tchaikovsky Tchaikovsky’s music caused ballet to become an entity all it’s own. It no longer was a part of opera but became a separate art form. This was due to the connection Tchaikovsky created between the music and the dance. Tchaikovsky’s music caused ballet to become an entity all it’s own. It no longer was a part of opera but became a separate art form. This was due to the connection Tchaikovsky created between the music and the dance.

39. Romanticism Dance

40. Golden Age of Ballet La Sylphide La Sylphide world’s oldest romantic ballet world’s oldest romantic ballet first performed in Paris in 1832 first performed in Paris in 1832 defined changes in theme, style, technique and costume defined changes in theme, style, technique and costume

41. Golden Age of Ballet 1832 1832 Ballerinas started to wear calf-length tutus and pointe shoes to communicate a sense of weightlessness and grace while male dancers were there just to assist. Ballerinas started to wear calf-length tutus and pointe shoes to communicate a sense of weightlessness and grace while male dancers were there just to assist.

43. Golden Age of Ballet 1862 1862 Marius Petipa is named choreographer-in-chief of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatre where he produces 60 full length ballets, including Sleeping Beauty and. Petipa introduces dramatic changes to the form, integrating music, set and costumes. Marius Petipa is named choreographer-in-chief of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatre where he produces 60 full length ballets, including Sleeping Beauty and Swan Lake. Petipa introduces dramatic changes to the form, integrating music, set and costumes. Shifting the focus from the prima ballerina to the powerful male dance. Shifting the focus from the prima ballerina to the powerful male dance.

44. Romanticism Theatre

45. Romantic Theatre Appreciation for folklore and the translation and rise in popularity of Shakespeare Appreciation for folklore and the translation and rise in popularity of Shakespeare

46. Rise in American Theatre Continental Congress banned theatre during the Revolutionary War. After the war, theatres were built but not without objections from the Puritans. High religious people saw the theatre as a devilish diversion and believed most actors to be “universally vicious.” Continental Congress banned theatre during the Revolutionary War. After the war, theatres were built but not without objections from the Puritans. High religious people saw the theatre as a devilish diversion and believed most actors to be “universally vicious.”

47. Rise in American Theatre The popularity of stars came about from the tendency for theatre companies to tour. Sometimes performances had to be held in dining rooms or barns where no proper theatre existed in towns. The popularity of stars came about from the tendency for theatre companies to tour. Sometimes performances had to be held in dining rooms or barns where no proper theatre existed in towns. The Golden Age of Theatre is considered to be about 1890-1910 when there were 420 theatre companies touring. The Golden Age of Theatre is considered to be about 1890-1910 when there were 420 theatre companies touring.

48. Melodrama relies heavily on sensationalism and sentimentality. relies heavily on sensationalism and sentimentality. tends to feature: tends to feature: action more than motivation action more than motivation stock characters stock characters strict view of morality in which good triumphs over evil strict view of morality in which good triumphs over evil

49. Melodrama Formula Formula 1. a villain poses a threat 2. the hero escapes the threat (or rescues the heroine) 3. there is a happy ending.