1. A MARC-LOM Crosswalk for e-Learning Yang Cao, Fuhua Lin, Rory McGreal, etc http://www.athabascau.ca May 19, 2004

2. Introduction  Demand For Online Education /e-Learning  Reuse of Learning Resources –Learning objects [IEEE]  Why Crosswalk –Minimize the amount of time needed to create and maintain the metadata –Maximize metadata’s usefulness to the widest community of users

3. Introduction (ctd)  What is Crosswalk? –A crosswalk is a semantic or technical mapping (sometimes both) from one metadata standard to another  Objectives –Developing automated tool for converting from MARC to LOM –Investigating the issues and challenges of this crosswalk

4. What is MARC MARC -- MAchine-Readable Cataloging 00941nam 2200277 a 450400800410000001000150004102000150005604000230007104200080009 405000260010208200170012809000260014510000300017124500650020126 000400026630000290030650400510033565000250038665000350041165000 260044665000180047285000120049091300060050299000670050899500880 0575020114s2002 flum b a001 0 eng a2002017488 a0849310318 aDLCbengcDLCdDLC apcc00aQA76.9.D3bT4583 200200a005.75/8221 aQA 76.9.D3 T536 20021 aThuraisingham, Bhavani M.10aXML databases and the semantic Web /cBhavani Thuraisingham. aBoca Raton, FL :bCRC Press,c2002. a306 p. :bill. ;c24 cm. aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 0aDatabase management. 0aXML (Document markup language) 0aWeb site development. 0aSemantic Web. aCaAEAU. a- p-----m-r-aaap 021011021107 main comp2book1 aInv# ATHA10639102 Dated:10-29-02 Amt:$124.85 On:11-12-02 Voucher#43778 For \us75.95

5. What is LOM?  Learning Object Metadata  The LOM/Cancore standard focuses on the minimal set of properties needed to allow learning objects to be managed, located, and evaluated.  LOM/Cancore schema –http://adlib.athabascau.ca/catalog/xml/LOMv1 p0/lom.xsd

6. ISBN 0849310318 XML databases and the semantic Web Database management. LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0FN: … END:VCARD non-digital QA 76.9.D3 T536 2002 ….

7. Design of MARC-LOM Crosswalk  The Marc to LOM converter is a web- based program that takes the metadata of library materials in MARC format and converts them into LOM format MARC-LOM Converter LOM MARC

8. MARC – LOM converter

9. Process of MARC-LOM Conversion

10. MARC …2600145100003000171245 …. ‑ 020114s2002 flum b a001 0 eng ‑ ­ a2002017488 ‑ ­a0849310318 ‑ ­aDLC­beng …. aXML databases and the semantic Web … MARC-XML elements 020114s2002 flum b a001 0 eng XML databases and the semantic Web LOM XML elements en XML databases and the semantic Web An Example of Mapping

11. Semantic Mapping  A mapping of each element in the source metadata standard with a semantically equivalent element in the target metadata standard  Requires in-depth knowledge and specialized expertise in the associated metadata standards  Mapping is an iterative process involving ongoing refinement, revision, and, even rethinking of element matches.

12. LOM/CANCORE ELEMENT MARC TAG & SUBFIELD MARC DESCRIPTION CONDITIONS 1.1 Identifier020 aISBNIf MARC tag is 020, then the catalog = ISBN 022 aISSNIf MARC tag is 022, then the catalog = ISSN 856 uElectronic Location and Access 1.2 Title245 aTitle 245 bRemainder of title 1.3 Language008/35-37Language 1.4 Description520 aSummary 1.5 Keyword600 aSubject – Personal 610 aSubject – Corporate 650 aSubject – Topical 611 aSubject-Conference 2.1 Version250 aEdition 2.3 Contribute 2.3.1 Role 100 aPersonal authorField present if item was created by the entry. MARC 21 to LOM/CanCore Crosswalk Table

13. Technical Mapping  Employs a set of computer programs and transformation languages  Extensible Stylesheet Language Transform (XSLT) to programmatically change extensible Markup Language (XML) metadata records from MARC-XML format to LOM XML format  Differences in terminology and structures existed in two metadata standards and the mapping needs “semantic” mapping not just simple element or structure mapping.

14. Challenges in Mapping  Lack of common terminology  Different structures of metadata standards  Expertise in element mapping –one to one –one to many –many to one  Loss of information

15. MARC XML 00941nam 2200277 a 4504 020114s2002 flum b a001 0 eng …. QA 76.9.D3 T536 2002 XML databases and the semantic Web Bhavani Thuraisingham. …. Database management. ….. Semantic Web. ……….

16. LOM ISBN 0849310318 XML databases and the semantic Web Database management. LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 FN:Bhavani M.Thuraisingham N:Thuraisingham; Bhavani; M. END:VCARD

17. Conclusion and Future Work  The MARC-LOM Crosswalk –Allows MARC based library content metadata to interact with XML based digital repositories –Enables the simplification of the creation/maintenance of metadata and their utilization in e-Learning –Brings us one step closer to enabling the use of intelligent agents on the semantic web  Future work –Focus on interoperability functions including finding resources and retrieving them, and supporting interactions between repositories

18. Acknowledgement  This project is funded by Industry Canada and was part of an initiative called IMEC (Interoperable Metadata for e-Learning in Canada) as well as the pan-Canadian eduSource project funded by CANARIE, Canada’s broadband research network.  The software application was based partially on the work of the Library of Congress.

19. References 1. CIHE: The Council for Industry and Higher Education, Response to the joint consultation document from HEFCE and the Learning and Skills Council (2002), http://www.cihe- uk.com/partnershipsfor.htmhttp://www.cihe- uk.com/partnershipsfor.htm 2. Cao, Y., Jim, G.: Agent Programmability in a Multi-Agent Learning Environment. Proceeing of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Australia(2003). 3. Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC): http://ltsc.ieee.org/http://ltsc.ieee.org/ 4. CETIS Group: http://www.cetis.ac.uk/ 5.MERLOT: http://www.merlot.org/Home.pohttp://www.merlot.org/Home.po 6. Wisconsin Online Resource Center - Wisc-Online Learning Object Project: http://www.wisc- online.com/http://www.wisc- online.com/ 7.Digital Library for Earth System Education (DLJESE): http://www.dlese.org/Metadata/crosswarlks http://www.dlese.org/Metadata/crosswarlks 8. MAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC): http://www.loc.gov/marc/http://www.loc.gov/marc/ 9. IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM): http://ltsc.ieee.org/doc/wg12/LOM-WD3.htmhttp://ltsc.ieee.org/doc/wg12/LOM-WD3.htm 10. CanCore Initiative 2003. http://www.cancore.orghttp://www.cancore.org 11.MARC-XML architecture http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/marcxml- architecture.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/marcxml- architecture.html 12. St. Pierre, M., LaPlant, W. P. Jr. : Issues in Crosswalking Content Metadata Standards (1998) http://www.niso.org/press/whitepapers/crsswalk.htm http://www.niso.org/press/whitepapers/crsswalk.htm

20.  THANKS!  http://www.athabascau.ca THANKS !