1. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD SharePoint Developer Series – Architecture & Object Model Overview.: Michael Williams :. June 9, 2005

2. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 2 I.Architecture Overview II..Net Windows SharePoint Services Object Overview III.Resources IV.Questions Session Agenda

3. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 3  Web Server  ISAPI Filter  ISAPI Application  ASP.NET Handler  ASP.NET  Config DB  Web Farm Config  Content DB Map  Content DB  Documents, Lists  Portal DB  Site, Profile Service  Portal Services  Search, Index, Job Architecture Overview - System Architecture Web Team DB Config DB Index Job Portal DB Profile DB Service DB Search

4. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 4  ISAPI Filter  Inclusions / Exclusions  Static Page Gets  ASP.NET Handler  Direct ( _layouts )  Safe (lists, topics, etc.)  ASP.NET  Page Rendering  Unmanaged Code  List / View Rendering  Portal managed objects  Content, Profile, Service, and Config DB access Architecture Overview - Web Server Components IIS ASP.NET Handler Filter Config Static Pages FrontPage RPC DAV.aspx.asmx HTTP Requests ASP.NET Content SharePoint Unmanaged Code Direct Safe ISAPI Ext ADO.NET Profile Service

5. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 5  HTTP Listener  Domain, Port, IP Resolution  Virtual servers  Authentication  Anonymous, NTLM, or Basic  Application Pools  Process Identity  Process Isolation  Application Recycling Architecture Overview - Internet Information Server IIS ASP.NET Handler Filter Config Static Pages FrontPage RPC DAV.aspx.asmx HTTP Requests ASP.NET Content SharePoint Unmanaged Code Direct Safe ISAPI Ext ADO.NET Profile Service

6. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 6  SharePoint provisions at the virtual server level  No per-site collection or per-site/web metabase entries  Filter directs SharePoint requests to ISAPI Application  No data I/O in filter  Managed Path Inclusions & Exclusions  Exclusions –  Directories SharePoint ignores  example: /customapp → http://stssite/customapp  Inclusions –  Directories where sites reside  Explicit Inclusions (specific site names)  example: / → http://site  example /sitename → http://server/sitename  Wildcard Inclusions (specific folder for sites)  example /teams/* → http://portal/teams/sites Architecture Overview – ISAPI Filter

7. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 7  Purpose  Defines URL namespaces managed by WSS  example: http://server/sites  Defines self-service site creation paths  example: Restrict creation to http://server/usersites  Excluded paths – Unmanaged by WSS  Code cannot reference WSS  Included paths – Managed by WSS  Explicit inclusion - Includes the specific path set only  Wildcard inclusion – Includes path and all sub-sites  eg. http://server/usersites/*  Administrative Tools  SharePoint Central Administration Web-based UI  Command line - stsadm  example: stsadm -o addpath -url http://server1/* -type wildcardinclusion Architecture Overview – Managed Paths

8. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 8  Handler filters ASP.Net pages  Direct mode - normal page execution  Used for SharePoint application pages  example: create new list, edit view, etc.  Identified by directory ( _layouts )  example: http://mysite/_layouts/1033/create.aspx )  Pages live outside the web without need for customization  Safe mode - restricted page execution  Only a specific set of web form controls can run  Used for SharePoint user pages  example home page, list pages, smart pages, topics, etc.  Pages live inside the web for customization Architecture Overview – ASP.Net Handler

9. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 9  Application pages (static)  Direct mode  Page uses SharePoint managed code object model  Object model makes calls into WSS unmanaged code  User pages (customizable)  Safe mode  Web part framework adds web parts to ASP.NET page object based on page and current user  SharePoint View Web Parts call into SharePoint unmanaged code to render HTML Architecture Overview – ASP.Net Page Rendering

10. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 10  Web Parts are equivalent to ASP.NET Web Form Controls  SmartPage - controls on page determined by database  URL of the page  ID of the current user (personalization)  SmartPages work in safe mode only Architecture Overview – Web Part Framework ASP.NET Page Zone 2 Zone 1 Zone 3 Web Part Framework Content DB ASP.NET Page Web Form Controls

11. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 11  Bulk of WSS logic lives in unmanaged code  FrontPage server extensions  DAV (Distributed Authoring & Viewing)  View rendering  Static document gets  Database I/O Architecture Overview – WSS Unmanaged Code IIS ASP.NET Handler Filter Config Static Pages FrontPage RPC DAV.aspx.asmx HTTP Requests ASP.NET Content SharePoint Unmanaged Code Direct Safe ISAPI Ext ADO.NET Profile Service

12. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 12 Architecture Overview – Developer Perspective  Managed Code.NET Object Model  Two ways to write code using the WSS OM directly .aspx pages are Direct mode  Web parts are Safe mode  WSS Web services model built on top of WSS OM available

13. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 13.Net WSS Object Overview – Introduction  Managed code object model on the server  Accessible via ASP.NET or any other server process  Implemented in C#  Exposes almost of all of the data stored in WSS  Examples of what can be done with the Object Model -  Add, edit, delete, and retrieve data from SharePoint Lists  Create new lists and set list metadata, i.e. fields in a list  Set web properties  Work with documents in document libraries.  Perform administrative tasks such as creating webs, adding users, creating roles, etc.  Pretty much any functionality in the UI can be automated through OM

14. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 14.Net WSS Object Overview – Example of Typical Objects  List Data  SPListCollection  SPList  SPListItemCollection  SPListItem  SPFieldCollection  SPField  SPView  Administration  SPGlobalAdmin  SPQuota  SPVirtualServer  Security  SPGroupCollection  SPGroup  SPSite  SPUserCollection  SPUser  Documents  SPDocumentLibrary  SPFileCollection  SPFile  SPFolder

15. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 15.Net WSS Object Overview – WSS Namespaces  Always add references to the WSS namespaces when using WSS OM using Microsoft.SharePoint; using Microsoft.SharePoint.WebControls; using Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration;

16. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 16.Net WSS Object Overview – Important Objects  The object model has four top-level objects:  SPWeb - Represents an individual site  SPSite - Represents a site collection, which is a set of web sites  SPVirtualServer - Represents a virtual server  SPGlobalAdmin - Global administration settings  Always get an SPWeb object to perform actions on data within a web

17. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 17.Net WSS Object Overview – Key Object - SPWeb  Initial object to get at web site Lists, Items, Doc’s, Users, Alerts, etc.  Examples:  Web.Lists - Returns a collection of lists  Web.Title - Returns the title of the site  Web.Users - Returns the users on the site  In a Web Part or.ASPX page, the following line gets an SPWeb object:  SPWeb myweb = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context);

18. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 18.Net WSS Object Overview – WSS List Data Access  Obtain an SPList or SPDocumentLibrary object -  SPList mylist = web.Lists[“Events”];  Call the.Items property to retrieve all of the items -  SPListItemCollection items = mylist.Items;  Call GetItems method and pass SPQuery object for subset of items -  SPListItemCollection items = mylist.GetItems(query);  Specify field name in SPListItem indexer to get field data – foreach(SPListItem item in items) { Response.Write(item["Due Date"].ToString()); Response.Write(item["Status"].ToString()); Response.WRite(item["Title"].ToString()); }

19. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 19.Net WSS Object Overview – List Data Access Code Example SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context); SPList tasks = web.Lists["Tasks"]; SPListItemCollection items=tasks.Items; foreach(SPListItem item in items) { output.Write(item["Title"].ToString() + item["Status"].ToString() + " "); }

20. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 20.Net WSS Object Overview – Updating Property Data  Immediate data updates are atypical in WSS upon property changes  Must first call Update() method on the object  Minimization of SQL queries improved overall perfomance  Example: SPList mylist = web.Lists[“Tasks”]; mylist.Title=“Tasks!”; mylist.Description=“Description!”; Mylist.Update();

21. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 21.Net WSS Object Overview – Add User to a Web  Get the appropriate SPRole object:  SPRole admins = web.Roles["Administrator"];  Call the AddUser method:  admins.AddUser(“ \\ ",“Joe.User@vitale.com",“J.User","");

22. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 22.Net WSS Object Overview – Eliminate Query Intensive Code  Frequently creating and destroying objects may needlessly invoke SQL queries -  Example of SQL-intensive code: SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context); web.Lists["Tasks"].Title="mytitle"; web.Lists["Tasks"].Description="mydescription"; web.Lists["Tasks"].Update();  Example of improved code: SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context); SPList mylist = web.Lists["Tasks"]; mylist.Title="mytitle"; mylist.Description="mydescription"; mylist.Update();

23. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 23.Net WSS Object Overview – Event Handling  Events are supported on document libraries -  Operations such as add, update, delete, check-in, check-out, etc.  Events are asynchronous  Events call a managed interface

24. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 24.Net WSS Object Overview – Part to Part Web Parts  Allows Web Parts to send & received basic types of data  Cell, Row, List, etc.  Uses standardized set of interfaces  Allow completely independent parts to connect  Enable end users to form connections  Browser  FrontPage

25. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 25.Net WSS Object Overview – Part to Part Supported Interfaces

26. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 26.Net WSS Object Overview – Web Services  Content can be accessed via web services layer built on top of the OM  Allows manipulation of Lists, Webs, Views, List Items, etc.  Functionality similar to WSS object model with fewer interfaces  Optimized to minimize transactions  Office 2003 extensively uses web services to access data from WSS

27. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 27.Net WSS Object Overview – Web Services Interface Methods  GetListCollection  GetListItems  GetWebCollection  UpdateList  UpdateListItems  GetWebInfo  GetWebPart  GetSmartPageDocument  etc…

28. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 28.Net WSS Object Overview – Coding Web Services  Create a Windows Application  In Visual Studio, choose ‘ Add Web Reference ’  Access the lists web service -  Enter http:// /_vti_bin/lists.asmx  Other services include:  UserGroups.asmx – Users and groups  Webs.asmx – Web information  Views.asmx – View information  Subscription.asmx – Subscriptions  Send logged on users’ credentials from client  Set web reference object’s constructor - public Lists() { this.Url = "http:// /_vti_bin/lists.asmx"; this.Credentials=System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; }

29. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 29.Net WSS Object Overview – Developer Best Practices  SPGlobalAdmin and SPSite are the only SharePoint objects created with ‘New’; All other objects are opened off another object  The URL taken by the SPSite constructor must be absolute and must refer to the actual computer name (not the load-balanced name)  The URL taken by SPSite.OpenWeb can be server relative if it starts with a ‘ / ’ else it is site relative. Empty opens the SPSite URL  Optimize performance with foreach() stepping through collections; Iterating through collections by index can result in expensive DB calls  Calls to collections such as List.Items are expensive; Preserve the collection rather than requesting it again  Use SQL Profiler to minimize # of queries that application makes to DB

30. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 30 Resources Microsoft SharePoint http://www.microsoft.com/sharepoint http://www.microsoft.com/sharepoint Microsoft SharePoint Server Customization http://www.sharepointcustomization.com/resources/webcasts.htm http://www.sharepointcustomization.com/resources/webcasts.htm Microsoft Developer Introduction to Web Parts http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en- us/odc_SP2003_ta/html/sharepoint_northwindwebparts.asp Microsoft SQL Server http://microsoft.com/sql/default.asp http://microsoft.com/sql/default.asp

31. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 31 Questions?

32. VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY LTD Microsoft SharePoint Architecture & Object Model Overview 32 VITALE, CATURANO & COMPANY PC