1. Physical principles of hemodynamics and bioreology

2. The Heart and the Cardiovascular System (2) Cardiac Mechanics. (1) Cardiac electrophysiology. (2) Cardiac Mechanics. (1) Cardiac electrophysiology.

3. The Heart: two pumps in series: (1) Pulmonary circulation: propels blood through lungs for exchange of O 2 and CO 2. (2) Systemic circulation: propels blood to all other tissues or organs of body.

4. Anatomy of the Heart

5. Longitudinal cross section

7. Basic Hemodynamics

9. Types of flow Flow of fluid in a cylindrical tube may be laminar of turbulent. Laminar flow : flow in lamina, fluid particles do not move in radial or circumferential direction. In Laminar flow the pressure drop (  P) is proportional to flow.

10. Effect of stenosis degree on resistance Poiseuille’s law

11. Types of flow Turbulent flow : irregular flow of fluid elements. Rapid radial and circumferential mixing. In turbulent flow the pressure drop is approximately proportional to square of flow.

14. Pressure and Volume in the Circulation Pressure is pulsatile in the arteries but steady in the capillaries and veins. Pressure falls along the circuit with the greatest fall across arterioles. Volume is greatest in the venous system. At any time most of the blood is in veins

19. The Cardiac Cycle

20. The cardiac cycle

23. Relationship of myocardial resting sarcomer length (end-diastolic volume) to developed force (peak systolic ventricular pressure) during ventricular contraction in the intact dog heart

24. Pressure-volume loop

25. ESV A B C D Pressure-volume loop

26. Pressure-volume loop for changing preload

29. Compliance: C = VV PP  P a = VaVa CaCa For aorta Definition: In regards to aortic mechanics  V or  v a is stroke volume (SV) and  P or  P a is pulse pressure (PP, or P s -P d ).

30. Dicrotic Notch Mean Pressure Systolic Pulse Pressure Diastolic 120 100 80 SystoleDiastole mm Hg Aortic Pressure Waveform