1. 4.3 An Integrative Approach to Prejudice and Discrimination

2. Stereotyping: cognitive process – One set of characteristics attributed to an entire group Prejudice: an attitude (cognition and emotion) – Stereotype that elicits emotion Discrimination: a behavior – Treating someone differently based on membership to a group

3. Biological Research on the Origins of Prejudice Hart (2000)- – White and black participants Given: Subliminal glimpses of other ethnic groups Findings: Caused increased activity of amygdala (emotions) Phelps (2000) – Correlation between increased amygdala activity (above) and standardized test for ethnic prejudice

4. Implicit Association Test Banaji and Greenwald (1998) – What were your thoughts on the test? – How does it work? – Do you think it is reliable? – Any ethical concerns?

5. Fiske (2007) – MRI scanner How did the brain react to homeless people? – Insula (responds to non-human things, disgust) – Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (responds to thoughts of other humans or self) How would we explain this response using evolutionary based arguments? – Protection of gene pool – Protection from enemies Is philanthropy against human nature?

6. Evaluation of Biological Research Bettelheim and Janowitz (1964) – Stereotypes don’t predict Prejudice Acts of discrimination Cunningham (2004) – Longer exposure to images Short term: amygdala (emotion) Long term: frontal lobe (cognitive control of emotions) Correlational Studies – Doesn’t demonstrate causality – Leads to Bidirc