2. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:  Personal liberty laws  Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:  Personal liberty laws  Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

3. During the year of 1832, a black woman named Margaret Morgan moved to Pennsylvania from Maryland, where she had once been a slave to a man named John Ashmore. In Maryland, she had lived in virtual freedom but had never been formally emancipated. Ashmore's heirs eventually decided to claim her as a slave and hired slavecatcher Edward Prigg to recover her.During the year of 1832, a black woman named Margaret Morgan moved to Pennsylvania from Maryland, where she had once been a slave to a man named John Ashmore. In Maryland, she had lived in virtual freedom but had never been formally emancipated. Ashmore's heirs eventually decided to claim her as a slave and hired slavecatcher Edward Prigg to recover her. On April 1 1837, Edward Prigg led an assault and abduction on Morgan.On April 1 1837, Edward Prigg led an assault and abduction on Morgan. men involved in the abduction were caught and tried in court.men involved in the abduction were caught and tried in court. Prigg plead not guilty=Fed. CourtPrigg plead not guilty=Fed. Court

4. Prigg appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court on the grounds that the Pennsylvania law was not able to supersede federal law or the constitutionPrigg appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court on the grounds that the Pennsylvania law was not able to supersede federal law or the constitution the court held that Federal law is superior to State law, and overturned the conviction of Edward Prigg as a result.the court held that Federal law is superior to State law, and overturned the conviction of Edward Prigg as a result.

5. Compromise of 1850

6. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

7. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!

8. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

9. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]  Nativists.  Anti- Catholics.  Anti- immigrants.  Nativists.  Anti- Catholics.  Anti- immigrants. 1849  Secret Order of the Star- Spangled Banner created in NYC.

10. 1852 Presidential Election √ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig

11. 1852 Election Results

12. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

13. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

14. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC) Congressman Preston Brooks, attacked Sumner at his Senate desk and beat him senseless with a cane

15. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20 c )

16. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

17. Free- Soilers The party leadership consisted of former anti-slavery members of the Whig Party and the Democratic Party. Its main purpose was opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery.The party leadership consisted of former anti-slavery members of the Whig Party and the Democratic Party. Its main purpose was opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery.

18. 1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

19. 1856 Election Results

20. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

21. What caused the Panic of 1857?? What were its affects on the nation?

22. Fears that the US Federal Government would be unable to pay obligations in specie mounted.Fears that the US Federal Government would be unable to pay obligations in specie mounted. More than 5,000 American businesses failed within a year, and unemployment was accompanied by protest meetings in urban areas. From its peak in 1852, to its trough in 1857, the stock market declined by 66% More than 5,000 American businesses failed within a year, and unemployment was accompanied by protest meetings in urban areas. From its peak in 1852, to its trough in 1857, the stock market declined by 66%

23. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

24. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty ? belief that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people,

25. At Freeport, Illinois, in the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas made an effort to revive the doctrine of popular sovereignty, which had been imperiled by the Dred Scott decision.He stated that slavery could legally be barred from the territories if the territorial legislatures simply refused to enact the type of police regulations necessary to make slavery work. Without a legal framework and enforcement officials, slavery would be excluded.At Freeport, Illinois, in the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas made an effort to revive the doctrine of popular sovereignty, which had been imperiled by the Dred Scott decision.He stated that slavery could legally be barred from the territories if the territorial legislatures simply refused to enact the type of police regulations necessary to make slavery work. Without a legal framework and enforcement officials, slavery would be excluded.

26. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

27. 1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

28. Republican Party Platform in 1860  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free- Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know- Nothings”].  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free- Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know- Nothings”].

29.  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

30. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

31. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

32. 1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

33. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing- KY)

34. Amendments to the Constitution Amendments to the Constitution Slavery would be prohibited in any territory of the United States "now held, or hereafter acquired," north of latitude 36 degrees, 30 minutes line. In territories south of this line, slavery was "hereby recognized" and could not be interfered with by CongressSlavery would be prohibited in any territory of the United States "now held, or hereafter acquired," north of latitude 36 degrees, 30 minutes line. In territories south of this line, slavery was "hereby recognized" and could not be interfered with by Congress States would be admitted to the Union from any territory with or without slavery as their constitutions provided.Congress was forbidden to abolish slavery in places under its jurisdiction within a slave state such as a military post States would be admitted to the Union from any territory with or without slavery as their constitutions provided.Congress was forbidden to abolish slavery in places under its jurisdiction within a slave state such as a military post Congress could not abolish slavery in the District of Columbia so long as it existed in the adjoining states of Virginia and Maryland and without the consent of the District's inhabitants.Congress could not abolish slavery in the District of Columbia so long as it existed in the adjoining states of Virginia and Maryland and without the consent of the District's inhabitants. Congress was empowered to sue the county in which obstruction to the fugitive slave laws took place to recover payment; the county, in turn, could sue "the wrong doers or rescuers" who prevented the return of the fugitiveCongress was empowered to sue the county in which obstruction to the fugitive slave laws took place to recover payment; the county, in turn, could sue "the wrong doers or rescuers" who prevented the return of the fugitive.No future amendment of the Constitution could change these amendments or authorize or empower Congress to interfere with slavery within any slave state.No future amendment of the Constitution could change these amendments or authorize or empower Congress to interfere with slavery within any slave state

35. Secession!: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

36. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861