1. The Saga Begins Opening: Why Study History? Activity: The Saga Begins Notes Closure:

2. 1 st Americans Siberia to Alaska (25,000 – 14,000 yrs ago)Siberia to Alaska (25,000 – 14,000 yrs ago) –Land bridge over Bering Straits –Nomadic Tribes Hunting Megafauna (Mammoths)Hunting Megafauna (Mammoths) Early Native CivilizationsEarly Native Civilizations –Empires Aztec, Inca, MayanAztec, Inca, Mayan –North America Many different cultures (e.g. Hohocam, Anasazi)Many different cultures (e.g. Hohocam, Anasazi)

3. Europe Beginning to Explore Reasons for ExploringReasons for Exploring –Urbanization: Rise of the Merchant Class –World Trade –Rise of Nation-States –Advances in Knowledge & Technology

4. Europe and America Makes Contact

5. The Columbian Exchange EuropeEuropeNorth America

6. European Contact Howard Zinn “Christopher Columbus and The Indians”Howard Zinn “Christopher Columbus and The Indians” What are some of the differences between the stories?What are some of the differences between the stories? Why are the stories so different?Why are the stories so different?

7. Native American Problems Native American DeficienciesNative American Deficiencies –Homogeneous Population Susceptible to diseaseSusceptible to disease –Less Technology Stone Weapons v. Iron WeaponsStone Weapons v. Iron Weapons –Less Knowledge Nothing written or recordedNothing written or recorded –Disunity Large Number of Tribes, Small Competing GroupsLarge Number of Tribes, Small Competing Groups

8. The Spanish Empire Christopher Columbus (Sailed for Spain)Christopher Columbus (Sailed for Spain) –The Columbian Exchange (1492) GoalsGoals –God: Missionaries – spread Christianity –Glory: Become famous –Gold: Get Rich Encomienda SystemEncomienda System –Enslaving of the Native Americans

9. Reformation in Europe Martin Luther: 95 Theses (1517)Martin Luther: 95 Theses (1517) Henry VIII: Church of EnglandHenry VIII: Church of England –Marries Anne Boleyn (1529) Elizabeth I: First “Protestant” Ruler of EnglandElizabeth I: First “Protestant” Ruler of England –Puritans: Disenfranchised Protestant England v. Catholic SpainProtestant England v. Catholic Spain –English defeat Spanish Armada (1588) –Major turning point in World History

10. The Real Columbus