1. Tara Hill Results for Development Innovations for Out-of-School Children: New approaches to an age-old problem

2. Outline Where do we stand? Out-of-school children trends and characteristics Why do we need innovation? Root causes of out-of-school children What do innovations for out-of-school children look like? Trends and examples Where do we go from here? A role for everyone 2 | R4D.org 1 2 3 4 Photo credit cover slide (left to right): Nick Onken, Pencils of Promise; The Akanksha Foundation; Krousar Thmey.

3. Where do we stand on universal access? 3 | R4D.org Photo credit: UNICEF Mobile Ger Kindergartens

4. Good news and bad news… 4 | R4D.org  Stagnation since 2007  Asia has some of the largest absolute OOSC populations (India, Indonesia)  40% reduction in the global number of primary and lower secondary school aged OOSC over the past 15 years

5. 5 | R4D.org 124 Million Primary and lower secondary aged children 65 Million Adolescents of lower secondary school age 59 Million Primary school aged children Source: UIS database

6. 6 | R4D.org Characteristics of Out-of-School Children Geography Remote/rural areas Conflict-affected areas Demography Gender Income Disability status Ethnic, linguistic, religious minority Photo credit: World Bank Photo Collection

7. 7 | R4D.org Characteristics of Out of School Children In East Asia & Pacific, more than half of out of school children are dropouts RETENTION ISSUE In South and West Asia, almost half of out of school children are unlikely to ever enter school ACCESS ISSUE

8. Why do we need innovation? 8 | R4D.org Photo credit: The Beacon Schools Initiative

9. 9 | R4D.org Root causes of out-of-school children Insufficient and inflexible supply Particularly for children in remote, rural, and hard-to-reach areas. 1 Lack of tailored education opportunities For drop-outs, girls, ethnic and linguistic minorities, and children with disabilities. 2 Household economic barriers School fees, “hidden costs” of education, and opportunity costs. 3

10. 10 | R4D.org Flexible solutions are needed which complement traditional macro approaches Non-State Innovations Government macro- approaches Girl-friendly interventions Technology for remote, nomadic or displaced children Mother-tongue instruction One-stroke macro approach Flexible, tailored and targeted approaches

11. What do innovations for OOSC look like? 11 | R4D.org Photo credit: UNICEF Mobile Ger Kindergartens and Ghana Reads

12. Center for Education Innovations 12 | R4D.org www.educationinnovations.org

13. 13 Mobile education Technology-driven Alternative Can’t Wait to Learn Mobile Ger Kindergartens MOVINGschools Alternative Provision of Basic Education Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha floating schools Migrant Workers Learning Centers  Mobile education delivery  Technology-driven education  Alternative basic education Root Cause 1: Insufficient and Inflexible Supply

14. Reaching out-of-school children through open distance learning technology Can’t Wait to Learn (CWTL), Sudan

15. 15 Non-formal Accelerated learning Disabilities Pratham Open School Doosra Dashak Krousar Thmey FACE Salam Project for Street Children Community-based Accelerated Learning Schools Root Cause 2: Lack of tailored education opportunities  Non-formal, second-chance education focused on skills  Accelerated learning programs  Girls’ empowerment curricula  Curricula adapted to rural contexts  Mother-tongue education  Adapted education for children living with disabilities PAJE-Nieta; Mali Out-of- School Youth Project

16. Providing access to adapted education for disabled children and facilitating entry into formal system Krousar Thmey, Cambodia

17. 17 Output-based aid Conditional micro loans Cordaid OBA Education Program Cordaid YCAB’s Hope program  Output-based aid  Conditional micro- loans Root Cause 3: Household economic barriers

18. Incentivizing enrollment of urban poor through conditional micro-loans ycab, Indonesia

19. What do successful innovations have in common? 19 | R4D.org Tailored to local context Strong links with local communities Plan for scale at inception Diversified sources of funding Leverage technology, but only as needed Diverse and multi-stakeholder partnerships Visionary, passionate leaders Local relevance Sustainability & scalability Collaboration & leadership

20. Where do we go from here? 20 | R4D.org Photo credit: World Bank Photo Collection

21. 3 ideas to take away 21 | R4D.org 1 Non-state innovations can complement and supplement traditional government approaches to reaching out-of- school children and ensuring they learn. Non-State Innovations Government macro- approaches Girl-friendly interventions Technology for remote, nomadic or displaced children Mother-tongue instruction

22. 22 | R4D.org 3 ideas to take away 2 These innovations are addressing the root causes of out- of-school children in diverse and flexible ways. 1) Insufficient and inflexible supply  Mobile education delivery  Technology-driven education  Alternative basic education 2) Lack of tailored education opportunities 3) Household economic barriers  Non-formal, second-chance education focused on skills  Accelerated learning programs  Girls’ empowerment curricula  Curricula adapted to rural contexts  Mother-tongue education  Adapted education (disability)  Output-based aid  Conditional micro-loans

23. 23 | R4D.org 3 ideas to take away Implementers Governments Donors Successful Innovations for OOSC Researchers 3 For these innovations to succeed and ultimately have impact, sustained effort, collaboration, and support from everyone is needed. Implementers cannot go the distance alone.

25. Thank you for your attention For more information, visit educationinnovations.org Tara Hill Program Officer thill@r4d.org