1. EMMA, BASROC, Hadron Therapy and ADSRs Roger Barlow STFC Cockcroft Review Feb 11 th 2009

2. EMMA World’s first non-scaling FFAG under construction 84 magnets, 19 RF cavities. Accelerate electrons from 10 to 20 MeV in 16 turns Funded through ‘Basic Technology’ scheme + FP7 Eucard Being built here. On the tour later

3. Vision and Reality

4. EMMA - completion Almost halfway through 4 year programme Components ordered. Many (magnets, cavities, vacuum) arrived and being checked out and preassembled onto girders. Design of injection/extraction systems challenging but now complete. On track to start commissioning November 2009

5. EMMA - operations Commissioning 12 months (nominal). Much to learn about new type of accelerator Baseline configuration ❑ Single energy injection and extraction ❑ Min and max energy run ❑ Lattice tuning ❑ Map tune and time of flight ❑ Accelerate single bunch ❑ Map longitudinal phase space ❑ Vary RF parameters and map longitudinally ❑ Map transverse phase space Additional configurations ❑ Vary time of flight minimum on baseline ❑ Vary tune ❑ High efficiency lattice ❑ Repeat baseline activities, possibly with different emphases First proposal by Scott Berg Need to co-exist with ALICE Need to plan / budget for running EMMA as research machine

6. nsFFAG advantages: nsFFAG advantages: Superior to rapid cycling synchrotron and / or isochronous cyclotron from some applications DC magnets – cheap, simple Very rapid acceleration time High currents (frequency+duty cycle) ‘Amazingly generous’ acceptance Good dynamic range (factor 4-5 in momentum) Round beam pipe, reasonable diameter Essential for muon collider/ neutrino factory

7. BASROC British Accelerator Science Radiation and Oncology Consortium Aim: hadron therapy in the UK using an nsFFAG Members: accelerator physicists, medical physicists, clinicians, industry… including many from Cockcroft and from John Adams Institute, from Churchill and Clatterbridge hospitals Arrange meetings, workshops, co-operate in grant applications

8. First BASROC project, successful application to ‘Basic Technology’ schem CONFORM Roger Barlow Neil Bliss EMMA: prove nsFFAG concept and get experience Rob Edgecock Neil Bliss PAMELA: design a hadron therapy system using the nsFFAG Ken Peach Ian Gardner Applications : find other possible uses and build links with user communities Karen Kirkby Bob Cywinski

9. PAMELA Design a medical nsFFAG accelerator for hadron therapy, at the level where it can be proposed to the NHS/MRC Pool of people from Oxford, Lancaster, Cockcroft etc: machine designers+magnets+RF+clinical input

10. Applications Cell dosimetry (Surrey) to validate proton/hadron deposition as method for killing tumour cells Next generation dedicated muon source for μ SR (Huddersfield, at Cockcroft) ADSRs…

11. ADSRs Energy Amplifier (and similar) concept has been around a long time – why no progress? Accelerator is weak point: ~10 mA at ~1 GeV with very high reliability nsFFAG could be the answer: simple(=reliable), high current, relativistic energy…

12. ThorEA Workshops on FFAG/ADSR were popular – ADSR08 followed on from FFAG08 at Manchester. Evolved into ThorEA research association: more workshops and co-operative grant bids. www.thorea.org www.thorea.org Mix of institutes and disciplines, research and industry Grants from EPSRC – Leeds+Manchester EPSRC – Cambridge STFC PNPAS – Manchester+Huddersfield

13. Where next After EMMA next step is proton machine (to include variable RF frequency) Energy? Current? Cost? Research machine or prototype? Clinical or ADSR or …? Where? Daresbury? Harwell? Somewhere else? We now need to address these questions.