1. Accelerator R&D FFAGs........EMMA, PAMELA, ADSR, etc
Target studies neutrons for BNCT, ADSR, security, etc

2. Also interesting for other applications.
NS FFAGs
Non-Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient
Invented for muon acceleration in a Neutrino Factory
Also interesting for other applications.
For example:
hadron therapy
ADSR
Proton acceleration

3. NS FFAGs But.....novel features.......must build PoP machine
Not cheap, so where does the funding come from?
Exploit KE possibilities, via BT fund
CONFORM consortium: £8.2M
Build PoP machine – EMMA
Design Hadron therapy machine – PAMELA
Study other applications, mainly ADSR and muons
Started 1st April 2007, finish March 2011.

4. EMMA

5. 4-sector commissioning
EMMA Status
Being commissioned
Beam has made many turns at fixed energy
Acceleration being worked on....will restart in Jan
“2 year” experimental programme to follow, subject to funding
EMMA Control room
22:45 on 22nd June
4-sector commissioning

6. PAMELA

7. PAMELA Status Design study finished and being written up
Next step - prototyping:
Ring magnet
RF cavity
Extraction kicker
There is interesting in building it

8. ADSR

9. Accelerator Crucial component 10MW well beyond state-of-the-art
99.9% reliability
unheard of!
needs redundancy
Only two candidates:
linear accelerator ← expensive
FFAG ← build ~3 for same price

10. Isochronous 250-1000 MeV NS FFAG Ring
General Parameters of an initial – 1 GeV non-scaling, isochronous FFAG lattice design
Parameter
250 MeV
585 MeV
1000 MeV
Avg. Radius (m)
3.419
4.307
5.030
Cell  x / y  (2 rad)
Ring.
0.380/0.237
1.520/0.948
0.400/0.149
1.600/0.596
0.383/0.242
1.532/0.968
Field F/D (T)
1.62/-0.14
2.06/-0.31
2.35/-0.42
Magnet Size F/D Inj
1.17/0.38
1.59/0.79
1.94/1.14
Clockwise: Ring tune from design script, deviation from isochronous orbit (%), and radius vs. momentum
Comments and further work
Tracking results indicate ~50-100 mm-mr; relatively insensitive to errors
Low losses :

11. Target Studies Most likely show-stopper for a Neutrino Factory
4MW beam, 0.75MW in target, 300J/cm3 Thermal shock: >1GPa – exceeds tensile strength Temperature: 100K/pulse, 50 pulses/s Radiation damage Radiation safety!
Solution found using tungsten
Has involved:
modelling of energy deposition, stress waves, etc
measurements of shock and cf with modelling
simulation of pion, neutron, etc, production
activation studies, shielding requirements
cooling studies

12. Expertise gained applicable elsewhere.
Target Studies
Measured Young’s Modulus & yield strength of W and Ta at higher temp and strain rate than anybody else.
Expertise gained applicable elsewhere.

13. BNCT Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Used, for example, to treat “glio-blastoma multiforme”
Use boron-10: stable, but fissions with a thermal neutron
Needs a lot of ns:
1x109 cm-2s-1 for 30mins
Only current source: nuclear reactor!
Possible with accelerators: 5mA protons at ~2.5MeV  12.5kW in ~100m
Accelerator & BNCT facility exist in Bham
Project to upgrade starting: aim clinical trials

14. BNCT

15. Other Target Activities
Thermal neutrons for
ADSR
Waste transmutation
Security applications
Goran Skoro: possible next ISIS target expert