1. The European Grape Vine Moth, (EGVM) Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775, Tortricidae First U.S. Report by Richard Hoenisch Western Plant Diagnostic Network Dept of Plant Pathology UC Davis

2. Larva feeding in a grape berry & Botrytis in damaged cluster photos Gobierno de Mendoza, Argentina

3. Photo by Bolezni EGVM larva in grape flower cluster - note the beginning nest of webbing

4. The life cycle of Lobesia botrana Images by J. Feytaud 1924 Newly hatched larva & a fifth instar larva Five instar stages Embryonic development in the egg

5. EGVM - Host Range Blackberry Rubus fruticosus CarnationDianthus spp. CherryPrunus avium CucumberCucumis sativus CurrantRibes rubrum GrapeVitis vinifera KiwiActinidia chinensis PeachPrunus persica OliveOlea europea PersimmonDiospyros kaki PlumPrunus domestica PomegranatePunica granatum Potential range of Lobesia botrana in the continental U.S.

6. Other hosts of EGVM in Europe photo J.F. Gaffard The Reader’s Digest Ivy Flowers Black Currant Spurge Laurel (Daphne gnidium) © 2001 Tony Morosco EGVM larvae feed on flowers and fruit, not the leaves

7. Earlier stages of European grapevine moth larvae, Lobesia botrana, are tan to yellow-brown (top). Later stages become dark colored (bottom) due to thinning of the cuticle Photo by Jack Kelly Clark.

8. Hollowed out grape berry by EGVM larva leaving only the skin, seeds, and frass

9. Photo by Jack Kelly Clark. Pupa of European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, exposed in its cocoon.

10. Biological life cycle of Lobesia botrana. This life cycle is for Northern Italy which is at approximately 42 to 44° North Latitude, while Napa is at 38°N.

11. EGVM – Historic Spread 1775 identified in Vienna by Denis & Schiffermüller from samples from Puglia, southeastern Italy 1800 in northern Italy, then into Austria proper 1854 in Baden, Germany 1880 in Switzerland 1890 in France 2008 in Chile 2009 in California Image by Crati

12. From: Grape Pest Management, Second Edition EGVM Look-Alikes

13. EGVM Management Know the life cycle of the EGVM Vineyard sanitation – Pupae over winter under the bark Bacillus thuringiensis Spinosad group - Success & Entrust (from Actinomycetes spinosa) Spinotoram group - Delegate (from Saccharopolyspora spinosa) Intrepid (methoxyfenozide) (insect growth regulator) Pheromone dispensers may soon be available Pyrethroids Predators More to learn… Photo by Jack Kelly Clark

14. Spotted Wing Drosophila fka: Cherry Vinegar Fly Drosophila suzuki Adult female (left) and adult male (right) Drosophila suzukii. In Japan they can reproduce up to 13 times a year Photo by Martin Hauser

15. Drosophila melanogaster photo by André Karwath

16. Spotted Wing Drosophila (only the male flies of this species have this marking)

17. SWD Maggot

18. Spotted Wing Drosophila Damage On Raspberry and on Cherry Photo by Martin Hauser

19. SWD Range in North America California Oregon Washington British Columbia Florida Michigan

20. SWD Host Range Apple Blueberry Cane Berries Cherry Grape Peach Persimmon Plum Strawberry (Source: Oregon Department of Agriculture)

21. Signs of possible infestation include:  Spotted Drosophila male flies with a pale black spot at the leading edge of the wing.  Small puncture wound on hanging fruit, where female drilled in to lay her eggs.  Fruit softens on plant, starting at puncture scar.  Secondary decay can establish at this point.  Small pale maggots in intact fruit on the plant.

22. Management of SWD Attractant Baits and Sprays Sanitation – remove damaged and rotten fruit. Allow no mummies Floor Management Area Wide Management

23. Credits UC-IPM EGVM article: Lucia G. Varela, UC Cooperative Extension and Statewide IPM Program Frank Zalom, Department of Entomology, UC Davis Monica Cooper, UC Cooperative Extension, Napa County, and Jack Kelly Clark for the photos UC-IPM SWD article: M. P. Bolda, UC Cooperative Extension, Santa Cruz County, W. W. Coates, UC Cooperative Extension, San Benito County, J. A. Grant, UC Cooperative Extension, San Joaquin County, F. G. Zalom, Entomology, UC Davis, R. Van Steenwyk, Insect Biology, UC Berkeley, J. Caprile, UC Cooperative Extension, Contra Costa Co & Alameda County M. L. Flint, UC IPM Program, UC Davis Oregon State University entomologists Amy Dreves and Vaugh Walton