1. Unstable atomic nuclei emit particles and energy radioactivity

2. Nuclides = Specified Nuclei w/indicated atomic number and mass 226 Protons + Neutrons Ra 88 Protons 14 Protons + Neutrons C 6 Protons

3. Discovery of radioactivity through the accidental exposure of photographic plates Henri Becquerel - 1896

4. Marie Curie – Nobel Prize 1911 Discovery of Radium, Polonium

5. Wilhelm Rontgen - 1895 X-ray discovery

6. Some isotopes are unstable Radioactive decay Parent material Daughter material 14 C 14 N + e - e -

7. Radiation Types Alpha (α) Beta ( β) Gamma (γ )

8. Fission Reactions Fission Chain Reaction

9. Fusion Reactions Fusion of deuterium with tritium to create helium-4, freeing a neutron, and releasing 17.59MeV of energy

13. Thorium Series Uranium (Radium) Series Decay Series

14. Half-life Time it takes for half of atoms to decay 14 C = 5730 years ( 235 U=700 m.y., 238 U=4.5 b.y.)

15. Radiometric dating Calculating age based on half-life

16. Ratio of parent material to daughter material

17. Radiocarbon dating For dating living things good to 75,000 years ago For original remains only (dinos 65mil )

18. Effects of Radiation upon Living Organisms Prompt hair loss, fatigue, skin and other lesions, swelling Delayed onset of cancers, genetic defects, scarring/calcification

19. Radiation Detection Geiger-Muller Tube Scintillation detector Photographic film badge