1. Chapter 18 Amines and Amides
18.3 Heterocyclic Amines and Alkaloids

2. Heterocyclic Amines A heterocyclic amine is a cyclic organic compound
has a five- or six-atom ring
contains one or more nitrogen atoms

3. Learning Check
Identify the following heterocyclic amines:
A B C.

4. Solution Identify the following heterocyclic amines: A. B. C.
Piperidine Pyrrolidine Pyrrole

5. Alkaloids Alkaloids are
physiologically active nitrogen-containing compounds
produced by plants
used as stimulants, anesthetics, and antidepressants
often habit forming

6. Caffeine Caffeine is a stimulant of the central nervous system
is found in coffee beans, tea, chocolate, and soft drinks
contains an imidazole ring

7. Nicotine Nicotine increases the adrenaline level in the blood
causes addiction to tobacco
contains a pyrrolidine ring

8. Alkaloids Related to Morphine
such as morphine and codeine are produced by the poppy

9. Alkaloids Related to Morphine (continued)
have been used for centuries as painkillers
such as heroin and codeine are modifications of morphine

10. Pharmacology An area of research in pharmacology
is to design drugs such as procaine, lidocaine, and Demerol that retain some of the characteristics of alkaloids
is to modify the structures of cocaine and morphine to produce anesthesia but without the addictive side effects

11. Pharmacology (continued)

12. Learning Check
Identify the heterocyclic amine in serotonin.

13. Solution
The heterocyclic amine in serotonin is pyrrole.