1. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/1 Dr.-Ing. Erwin Sitompul President University Lecture 1 Engineering Electromagnetics http://zitompul.wordpress.com 2013

2. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/2 Textbook: “Engineering Electromagnetics”, William H. Hayt, Jr. and John A. Buck, McGraw-Hill, 2006. Textbook and Syllabus Syllabus: Chapter 1:Vector Analysis Chapter 2:Coulomb’s Law and Electric Field Intensity Chapter 3: Electric Flux Density, Gauss’ Law, and Divergence Chapter 4:Energy and Potential Chapter 5:Current and Conductors Chapter 6:Dielectrics and Capacitance Chapter 8:The Steady Magnetic Field Chapter 9:Magnetic Forces, Materials, and Inductance Engineering Electromagnetics

3. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/3 Grade Policy Final Grade =10% Homework + 20% Quizzes + 30% Midterm Exam + 40% Final Exam + Extra Points  Homeworks will be given in fairly regular basis. The average of homework grades contributes 10% of final grade.  Homeworks are to be written on A4 papers, otherwise they will not be graded.  Homeworks must be submitted on time, one day before the schedule of the lecture. Late submission will be penalized by point deduction of –10·n, where n is the total number of lateness made.  There will be 3 quizzes. Only the best 2 will be counted. The average of quiz grades contributes 20% of final grade. Engineering Electromagnetics

4. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/4  Midterm and final exams follow the schedule released by AAB (Academic Administration Bureau)  Make up for quizzes must be requested within one week after the date of the respective quizzes.  Make up for mid exam and final exam must be requested directly to AAB. Engineering Electromagnetics Grade Policy Heading of Homework Papers (Required) Engineering Electromagnetics Homework 7 Rudi Bravo 009201700008 21 March 2021 D6.2. Answer:........

5. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/5 Grade Policy  To maintain the integrity, the score of a make up quiz or exam, upon discretion, can be multiplied by 0.9 (i.e., the maximum score for a make up will be 90).  Extra points will be given every time you solve a problem in front of the class. You will earn 1 or 2 points.  Lecture slides can be copied during class session. It also will be available on internet around 1 days after class. Please check the course homepage regularly. http://zitompul.wordpress.com  The use of internet for any purpose during class sessions is strictly forbidden.  You are expected to write a note along the lectures to record your own conclusions or materials which are not covered by the lecture slides. Engineering Electromagnetics

6. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/6 Chapter 0 Introduction Engineering Electromagnetics

7. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/7 Electric field Produced by the presence of electrically charged particles, and gives rise to the electric force. Magnetic field Produced by the motion of electric charges, or electric current, and gives rise to the magnetic force associated with magnets. Engineering Electromagnetics What is Electromagnetics?

8. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/8 Engineering Electromagnetics What is Electromagnetics? An electromagnetic field is generated when charged particles, such as electrons, are accelerated. All electrically charged particles are surrounded by electric fields. Charged particles in motion produce magnetic fields. When the velocity of a charged particle changes, an electromagnetic field is produced.

9. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/9 EEM is the study of the underlying laws that govern the manipulation of electricity and magnetism, and how we use these laws to our advantage. EEM is the source of fundamental principles behind many branches of electrical engineering, and indirectly impacts many other branches. EM fields and forces are the basis of modern electrical systems. It represents an essential and fundamental background that underlies future advances in modern communications, computer systems, digital electronics, signal processing, and energy systems. Engineering Electromagnetics Why do we learn Engineering Electromagnetics?

10. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/10 Engineering Electromagnetics Electric and magnetic field exist nearly everywhere. Why do we learn Engineering Electromagnetics?

11. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/11 Engineering Electromagnetics Electromagnetic principles find application in various disciplines such as microwaves, x-rays, antennas, electric machines, plasmas, etc. Applications

12. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/12 Engineering Electromagnetics Electromagnetic fields are used in induction heaters for melting, forging, annealing, surface hardening, and soldering operation. Electromagnetic devices include transformers, radio, television, mobile phones, radars, lasers, etc. Applications

13. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/13 Engineering Electromagnetics Transrapid Train A magnetic traveling field moves the vehicle without contact. The speed can be continuously regulated by varying the frequency of the alternating current. Applications

14. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/14 Engineering Electromagnetics Applications AGM-88E Anti-Radiation Guided Missile Able to guide itself to destroy a radar using the signal transmitted by the radar. Destroy radar and intimidate its operators, creates hole in enemy defense. Unit cost US$ 284,000 – US$ 870,000. Designed to attack people’s dependency on electricity. Instead of cutting off power in an area, an e-bomb would destroy most machines that use electricity. Generators, cars, telecommunications would be non operable. E-bomb (Electromagnetic- pulse bomb)

15. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/15 Chapter 1 Vector Analysis Engineering Electromagnetics

16. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/16 Chapter 1Vector Analysis Scalar refers to a quantity whose value may be represented by a single (positive or negative) real number. Some examples include distance, temperature, mass, density, pressure, volume, and time. A vector quantity has both a magnitude and a direction in space. We especially concerned with two- and three- dimensional spaces only. Displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force are examples of vectors. Scalar notation:A or A (italic or plain) Vector notation:A or A (bold or plain with arrow) Scalars and Vectors →

17. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/17 Chapter 1Vector Analysis Vector Algebra

18. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/18 Chapter 1Vector Analysis Rectangular Coordinate System Differential surface units: Differential volume unit :

19. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/19 Chapter 1Vector Analysis Vector Components and Unit Vectors

20. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/20 For any vector B, : Chapter 1Vector Analysis Vector Components and Unit Vectors Magnitude of B Unit vector in the direction of B Example Given points M(–1,2,1) and N(3,–3,0), find R MN and a MN.

21. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/21 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Dot Product Given two vectors A and B, the dot product, or scalar product, is defines as the product of the magnitude of A, the magnitude of B, and the cosine of the smaller angle between them: The dot product is a scalar, and it obeys the commutative law: For any vector and,

22. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/22 One of the most important applications of the dot product is that of finding the component of a vector in a given direction. Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Dot Product The scalar component of B in the direction of the unit vector a is B  a The vector component of B in the direction of the unit vector a is (B  a)a

23. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/23 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Dot Product Example The three vertices of a triangle are located at A(6,–1,2), B(–2,3,–4), and C(–3,1,5). Find: (a) R AB ; (b) R AC ; (c) the angle θ BAC at vertex A; (d) the vector projection of R AB on R AC.

24. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/24 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Dot Product Example The three vertices of a triangle are located at A(6,–1,2), B(–2,3,–4), and C(–3,1,5). Find: (a) R AB ; (b) R AC ; (c) the angle θ BAC at vertex A; (d) the vector projection of R AB on R AC.

25. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/25 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Cross Product Given two vectors A and B, the magnitude of the cross product, or vector product, written as A  B, is defines as the product of the magnitude of A, the magnitude of B, and the sine of the smaller angle between them. The direction of A  B is perpendicular to the plane containing A and B and is in the direction of advance of a right-handed screw as A is turned into B. The cross product is a vector, and it is not commutative:

26. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/26 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Cross Product Example Given A = 2a x –3a y +a z and B = –4a x –2a y +5a z, find A  B.

27. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/27 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Cylindrical Coordinate System

28. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/28 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Cylindrical Coordinate System Differential surface units: Differential volume unit : Relation between the rectangular and the cylindrical coordinate systems

29. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/29 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Cylindrical Coordinate System Dot products of unit vectors in cylindrical and rectangular coordinate systems

30. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/30 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Spherical Coordinate System

31. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/31 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Spherical Coordinate System Differential surface units: Differential volume unit :

32. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/32 Relation between the rectangular and the spherical coordinate systems Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Spherical Coordinate System Dot products of unit vectors in spherical and rectangular coordinate systems

33. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/33 Chapter 1Vector Analysis The Spherical Coordinate System Example Given the two points, C(–3,2,1) and D(r = 5, θ = 20°, Φ = –70°), find: (a) the spherical coordinates of C; (b) the rectangular coordinates of D.

34. President UniversityErwin SitompulEEM 1/34 Chapter 1Vector Analysis Homework 1 D1.4. D1.6. D1.8. All homework problems from Hayt and Buck, 7th Edition. Due: Monday, 15 April 2013.