2. Natural Reproductive Success of First-generation Hatchery Steelhead Spawning in the Kalama River CAMERON SHARPE PAT HULETT CHRIS WAGEMANN MAUREEN SMALL WDFW KALAMA RESEARCH TEAM & CONSERVATION BIOLOGY UNIT

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  KALAMA HATCHERY STAFF  NOAA/MITCHELL ACT  ANNE MARSHALL, HOWARD FUSS, TODD PEARSONS, BILL HOPLEY, STEVE LEIDER

4. KALAMA WILD BROODSTOCK PROGRAM

5. CURTAIN OF DENIAL

6. THE BROODSTOCK  SELECTED TO REPRESENT PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF THE WILD STOCK  RUN TIMING (NOT SPAWN TIMING)  ADULT SIZE (NOT AGE STRUCTURE)  Probably an adequate proxy

7. ‘98‘00‘99‘98‘00‘99

8. THE RETURNING ADULTS  WILD- & HATCHERY-ORIGIN PASSED UPSTREAM  HATCHERY FISH SELECTED TO MATCH THAT YEAR’S RETURNING WILD FISH  ABUNDANCE/TIME – 50:50 H:W  SEX RATIO – MATCHED H:W  NON-SELECTIVE FOR SIZE

9. ‘02‘04‘03‘02‘04‘03

10. IDEALLY: H1H1H1H1 H2H2H2H2 H3H3H3H3 H4H4H4H4 W1W1W1W1 W2W2W2W2 W3W3W3W3 W4W4W4W4 X H1W3H1W3H1W3H1W3 H1H4H1H4H1H4H1H4 W2W3W2W3W2W3W2W3 SPAWNERSOFFSPRING

11. Category Brood Year 200320042005 WB hatchery total to KFH 2,615700905 WB hatchery upstream 878464391 Wild upstream 921530427 Wild total to KFH 991588481

12. REALITY: H1H1H1H1 H2H2H2H2 H3H3H3H3 H4H4H4H4 W1W1W1W1 W2W2W2W2 W3W3W3W3 W4W4W4W4 X H1W3H1W3H1W3H1W3 U2 H4U2 H4U2 H4U2 H4 W2W3W2W3W2W3W2W3 SPAWNERSOFFSPRING X U1U1U1U1 U2U2U2U2 U3U3U3U3 U4U4U4U4 U3 W3U3 W3U3 W3U3 W3 U1W3U1W3U1W3U1W3 H 1 U 4

13. POTENTIAL SPAWNERS  WILD ANADROMOUS  F1 HATCHERY ANADROMOUS  RESIDUAL HATCHERY  RESIDENT TROUT  ALL ONLY PARTIALLY SCREENED

14. BROOD YEAR % ANADROMOUS SPAWNERS SCREENED 200394% 200459% 200569%

15. SMOLT LG RESIDUAL SM RESIDUAL

16. MIGRANTS & RESIDUALS (BY ’00 & BY ’99) FORK LENGTH (mm) FREQUENCY MIGRANTS RESIDUALS

18. RESIDUALS  NUMEROUS  WELL-DISTRIBUTED  PERSISTANT  MOSTLY MALE  MOSTLY MATURE OR MATURING

19. Brood of Origin N Mean FL (mm) % Mature or Maturing Males 19991390100% 20011442100% 2002435833% 2003830243% 20048518748% 2005 RESIDUALS SAMPLED

20. RESIDENT  A FISH THAT DOESN’T ADOPT ANADROMY. EVER.

24. Sample Year N Mean Size (FL, mm) SE 199836321.47.5 199916341.78.5 200016338.411.4 20016314.815.9 200212360.815.5 200354365.25.9 20044357.015.6 200510357.118.7 TOTAL154 RESIDENT TROUT

25. THE PARENT POOL  SCREENED HATCHERY  SCREENED WILD  RESIDENTS  RESIDUALS

26. Offspring Returns by Fresh Water/Salt Water Age (n.n) & Calendar Year Offspring Returns by Fresh Water/Salt Water Age (n.n) & Calendar Year 2005200620072008200920102011 2003 Spawners 1.12.13.11-salt 1.22.23.22-salts 1.32.33.3 3-salts 2004 Spawners 1.12.13.11-salt 1.22.23.22-salts 1.32.33.3 3-salts 2005 Spawners 1.12.13.11-salt 1.22.23.22-salts 1.32.33.33-salts Importance of return year 0.0050.0890.2830.3260.2440.050.002 85.30%

27. Experimental Genotyped Parents Returning Anadromous Offspring by Parental Cross G-test Statistics HW HHHWWWGdfP 2003 Brood 873897 Obs.243430 4.8620.09 Exp.214423 2004 Brood 496531 Obs.194126 0.5220.77 Exp.204323 PRELIMINARY: 1 ST TWO REPS

28. Experimental Genotyped Parents Returning 2007 Anadromous Offspring by Parental Type (Single-parent Offspring only) HW HWGdfP 2003 Brood 873897 Obs.2343 6.1110.01 Exp.3333 AN ODDITY

29. WILD RESIDENT TROUT  Offspring from Residents: 19 from 15 (single) parents

30. RESIDUAL HATCHERY FISH  Offspring from Residual Hatchery Steelhead:  Zero, Zip, Bupkis