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Observations Complex mixture of contributors to 20% worst Many 20% worst extinction days at many sites Sulfate episodes in Midwest, SE and SW Soil.

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Presentation on theme: "Observations Complex mixture of contributors to 20% worst Many 20% worst extinction days at many sites Sulfate episodes in Midwest, SE and SW Soil."— Presentation transcript:

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4 Observations Complex mixture of contributors to 20% worst Many 20% worst extinction days at many sites Sulfate episodes in Midwest, SE and SW Soil episode in MT/WY Sulfate/OMC episode in PacNW

5 Data Available MODIS satellite images Upper air and surface weather maps NRL aerosol model output HYSPLIT predictions Point source locations Wildfire locations

6 haze Two days before: MODIS (terra) 9/3/02, 1711-1719 UTC bands 1-4-3 haze

7 The day before: MODIS (terra) 9/4/02, 1611-1623 UTC bands 1-4-3 haze

8 MODIS (terra) 9/5/02, 1700-1706 UTC bands 1-4-3 haze

9 500mb heights morning of 9/5 Broad upper air ridge low

10 Surface Weather, the day before: 9/5/02, 0z

11 Morning Surface Weather 9/5/02, 12z Trop wave TS Edouard TS Hernan haze

12 Afternoon Surface Weather 9/6/02, 0z convective activity

13 NRL aerosol model predicts sulfate, dust and smoke well in several areas in AZ and the midwest 9/5/02,12z

14 7 day backtrajectories from Gila: S, OMC 06z 12z 18z00z 7 day backtrajectories from Salt Creek WA: S, CM, OMC 06z12z18z00z

15 Backtrajectories from Rocky Mtn NP: OMC, CM, S 06z 12z 18z00z Backtrajectories from Selway-Bitterroot: CM, FS, S, OMC 06z12z18z00z

16 Backtrajectories from Nebraska Nat’l For: S, CM, OMC 06z 12z 18z00z Backtrajectories from Breton Island: S, OMC 06z12z18z00z

17 Backtrajectories from North Cascades: S, OMC 06z 12z 18z00z Backtrajectories from Kalmiopsis: OMC, S 06z12z18z00z

18 Wildfires discovered between Aug 25-Sep 5, 2002 Forest Service only

19 Western SO 2 emission sources 8

20 Conclusions Fall stagnation period, haze ahead of cold front Difficult to attribute to one source type Sulfates & organics at Southern US sites are from the Eastern US “haze blob” –A similar episode occurred later on 9/10-9/11 Sites west of the continental divided influenced by sources to the southwest –Fires contributed to northern plains states OMC –Fugitive dust from high winds in north central and Arizona PacNW coastal sites influenced by smaller scale region: stagnation with in-cloud S processing at upper elevations, OR influenced by wildfires

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