1. St Ivo School Model
St. Ivo School

2. Geography of disease
St. Ivo School
Tuberculosis chosen due to school immunisation programme!
A lot of preliminary work & research on
1. Data for countries – multivariate data
2. Tuberculosis as a disease
Preparing materials for 4 intro lessons as well as the World Health Summit (Dec 06)

3. Introduction to Tuberculosis
St. Ivo School
Lesson 1:
Introduction to Tuberculosis

4. Tuberculosis – The facts!
TB is curable but kills 5000 people every day or 2 million per year.
2 billion people (1/3 of world’s population) are infected with the microbes that cause TB
1 in 10 people infected with TB microbes will become sick with active TB in their lifetime
TB is contagious & spreads through the air: if not treated each person with active TB infects people every year (approx)
Almost 9 million new cases occurred in 2004

5. What is TB?
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
The TB bacteria usually attack the lungs but it can also attack the kidneys, spine & brain. It is fatal if untreated.

6. How is TB spread?
TB germs are spread from person to person through the air.
The bacteria are put into the air when a person with active TB coughs or sneezes.
When a person breathes in TB bacteria they settle in the lungs & begin to grow, from there they can move through the blood to other parts of the body
Not everyone infected with TB gets sick. People can have latent TB infection they don’t feel ill, have any symptoms & can’t spread TB to others. These people can go on and get the TB disease.

7. How would you know if you had TB?
Symptoms:
Bad cough lasting 3 weeks or more
Chest pain
Coughing up blood or sputum
Weakness / tiredness
Weight loss
Sweating at night
No appetite
Chills
Fever
With these symptoms people can spread TB to others.

8. Estimated number of TB cases 2004
World Region
Number (thousands)
Africa
2573
North / South America
363
E. Mediterranean
645
Europe
445
South East Asia
2967
Western Pacific
1925

9. Why the global increase of TB?
Population growth
Urbanisation
Increasing poverty
Rates of HIV infection – this weakens the immune system. If HIV + 100x more likely to develop TB.
Drug resistant TB (costs for LEDCs?)
Young adults & women aged , most at risk
Poorly managed TB programmes – especially in LEDCs (Africa & SE Asia)

10. Interpreting Graphs and Data
St. Ivo School
Lesson 2:
Interpreting Graphs and Data

11.                              
Tuberculosis in the UK

12. Annotating the graph BCG vaccination introduced (given
to school leaving age)
in 1953
Annotating the graph
Vaccination also given to infants from 1960
TB incidence decreased
50,000 cases a year in 1950
On average 10500
people die from TB
each year
An average of 350
people die from TB
each year
TB levels started to increase
Lowest recorded level of
TB – 5745 in 1987

13. Since 1987 (lowest number of cases: 5745) cases have risen by 27% to 7300 a year
Each year 350 people die from TB

14. The number of new cases…
In , we saw the largest increase in any one year since 1999!

15. Where is TB found? and Who gets it?

17. The largest increase was seen amongst patients who were not born in the UK. However, only 22% of these patients in 2005 arrived in the UK during the past two years. This suggests that the increase is not a result of a large number of individuals arriving recently with TB but rather a combination of TB disease developing in individuals who may have been infected for some time and new infections acquired in the UK, or as a result of travel to other countries where TB is common.

18. Fig 8 & 9:Tuberculosis
rates per age group,
England, Wales and
Northern Ireland,
Non-UK born
UK born

19. The UK’s BCG vaccination programme has changed?

20. Vaccinations are no longer given to all school aged children; instead those people considered most at risk of catching TB are vaccinated.

21. Those who… are in close contact with an infected person
have visited, lived or worked for a long time in countries with a high rate of TB
are the children of parents whose country of origin has a high rate of TB
have a weakened immune system due to disease or treatment (HIV)
are homeless or living in poor or overcrowded conditions or undernourished
may have been exposed to TB in their youth when the disease was more common in this country
young children and very elderly people

22. World Health Summit
St. Ivo School

23. Opening Address St. Ivo School
Welcome today to all honourable delegates from the UK, USA, China, Bangladesh, Kenya and Brazil for the 2006 WHO summit. The focus of this meeting is Tuberculosis – a disease that causes 2 million deaths per year (worldwide), one every 15 seconds. 98% of these deaths occur in developing (poorer) areas of the world.
I am hoping that today will help us to understand some of the issues facing our countries with regards to TB. It should be our collective aim to try and eradicate TB globally.
GLOBAL PLAN FILM
Let us work together whatever our global position or level of wealth to sort out this disease. Please make a firm commitment today with how your country will join the Global plan to STOP TB 2006 – This disease can not be allowed to continue killing people, in the last century 100 million people have died, please support a TB free world.

24. St. Ivo School
Outline of the day

25. St. Ivo School

26. St. Ivo School

27. St. Ivo School

28. After break
St. Ivo School

29. St. Ivo School

31. St. Ivo School
After lunch

32. Using multivariate data packages
St. Ivo School

33. Outline sheet of what to achieve
Multivariate data
St. Ivo School
5d plotters
v fathom
Raw data
v percentages
Outline sheet of what to achieve
Many trends explored

34. Multivariate plotters
St. Ivo School
Possibilities are
there to explore
in lots more detail
Fairly easy to use

35. St. Ivo School

36. Student evaluation of multivariate packages
St. Ivo School
Easy to use & instant (sliding button)
Useful once understood how to work it
Lots of information on the graphs
The data was in an understandable form
The graphs helped ‘put the figures into perspective’
Fathom difficult to understand
A small number of girls found it hard to use and understand

37. Evaluation of multivariate packages
St. Ivo School
Every student was engaged throughout the lesson and computer project!
99% of students were on task and managed to interpret some graphs and related the data back to the context
Plotters more approachable to students

38. Evaluation of TB project
St. Ivo School
This involved one group of 30 year 9 students.
All students had 4 preparation lessons culminating in the mock world health summit (7/12/07)
Students completed an evaluation sheet at the end of the summit about all the work they had done.

39. Student opinions
St. Ivo School
Lots enjoyed the lesson on TB in the UK, using graphs & matching statements
Interested to know about TB
Enjoyed using ICT and independent learning
Liked sorting out the costumes & finding out about their country
Some students commented that they enjoyed the WHS day better than the prep lessons

40. What did students learn about TB?
St. Ivo School
How many people it kills
How easily it’s spread
The fact it’s curable
1 person can infect people
Affects 2 million per year
No longer vaccinated in lots of British schools & why
Many countries can’t afford immunisations

41. Our evaluation St. Ivo School A lot of work
The projects remit was very broad
It was hard to integrate geography and maths while meeting all the aims of the project
We feel that we met the aims of the project successfully
Students learnt facts/info/skills
We have learnt from the experience
Unclear as to how the material can be transferred to other schools in order to minimise work and to keep data up-to-date

42. Overall…
St. Ivo School
Enjoyable project for both students and staff