1. America
Becomes
a World
Power
AP US History
Spring 2011

2. Essential Question:
What factors
contributed
to the US
becoming a
world power
at the end of
the 19th century?

3. Introduction
Entire history of U.S. could be viewed from an expansionist perspective:
Seven Years War
Treaty of Paris, 1783/Federal Constitution
LA Purchase and Jacksonian Democracy
Manifest Destiny
Spread of Slavery and the Civil War
Conquest of Native Americans
Post-Civil War Industrial Revolution (ok, this one is pretty thin!)

4. Current World Status?
Still Imperialist??

5. The American View of the World
Basic Belief: Stay out of corrupt European affairs: (alliances, wars, etc (Washington)
American Isolationism
Geographic Isolation
Political Isolation
Preoccupation at Home

6. Interest in Foreign Affairs/Outside World
Lack of Preoccupation at Home
Outlet for Energy and Ambition
Need for Markets and Raw Materials
Large Number of Immigrants
“White Man’s Burden”
Modern Weapons
Popularity

7. The 5 “Ds” of … Expansionism?
Destiny
Defense
Dollars
Democracy
Deity

8. 1. Commercial/Business Interests (Dollars)
U. S. Foreign Investments:

9. 1. Commercial/Business Interests American Foreign Trade: 1870-1914

10. 2. Military/Strategic InterestsD E F N S
Alfred T. Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power on History:

11. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking
The White Man’s Burden
The Hierarchy of Race

12. 4. Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionaries in China, 1905
DEITY
American Missionaries in China, 1905

13. Spanish
American
War

14. War Was a Turning Point in US History
Prior to 1898: No overseas possessions
After 1898: Control of several Pacific and Caribbean nations
World Power!

15. Background:
Cuba

16. Background
With Puerto Rico, Cuba was the only remaining Spanish colony in the Western Hemisphere
Economic/Social Problems in Cuba (revolt in 1868)
1895 2nd Cuban Revolution (they had so many problems, they revolted twice!)
McKinley Tariff Act
Spanish Policy

17. American Reaction to the Revolution
Investments
Sympathy
US companies begin to sell arms to Cubans
All results in public demand for intervention

18. Spanish Misrule in Cuba

19. De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to the U.S.
Criticized President McKinley as “weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd, besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party”.

20. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
Hearst to Frederic Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!
William Randolph Hearst

21. War With Spain The USS Maine
Battleship sent to Havana to protect American citizens in Cuba as a show of American power to,
The Maine is destroyed by a “mysterious” explosion below the deck
Newspapers report that the Spanish were responsible

22. The U.S.S. Maine

23. “Yellow” Journalism

24. Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

25. US Ultimatum to Spain Cease-Fire Armistice to Rebels
Abolition of Concentration Camps
Implied Independence

26. Spain’s Response
Spain can’t comply without granting independence, although they agree to armistice
April 11, 1898: McKinley to Congress
Teller Amendment

27. The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War”
The best way to “secure the independence of Cuba” is to…
Attack the Philippines!

28. The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War”

29. Theodore Roosevelt Charges Up San Juan Hill
The “Rough Riders”
Theodore Roosevelt Charges Up San Juan Hill

30. Emilio Aguinaldo July 4, 1946?? Philippine independence
Dewey Smuggled Him into MANILA
Leader of the Filipino Uprising.
July 4, 1946?? Philippine independence

31. William H. Taft, 1st Gov.-General of the Philippines
Great administrator

32. Our “Sphere of Influence”

33. The Treaty of Paris: 1899 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule, but…
Spain gave up Puerto Rico, Guam
The U.S. paid Spain $20,000,000 for the Philippines.
The U.S. becomes an imperial power!

34. Cuban Independence? Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1903)
Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would “endanger” its independence.
The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs to maintain a “suitable” from of govt.
U.S. acquires rights to naval base Guantanamo Bay as coaling station.
Cuba cannot borrow $$ without U.S. approval.
Senator Orville Platt

35. Results of the Spanish American War
A fierce debate over the Treaty of 1899
Imperialists:
Racism: White Man’s Burden
Competition with Others: they’ll take them if we don’t
Need bases to protect shipping and trade
Have the power to do it

36. Results of the War Anti-Imperialists Racism: No more “colored people”
Unconstitutional: “No where Expressly granted”
Contrary to U.S. Ideals
Anti-colonial
Self Determination

37. Treaty Ratified Republican 38 Republican 2 Democrat 11 Democrat 22
Senate vote on the Treaty of Paris,1899
For (57) Against (27)
Republican 38 Republican 2
Democrat 11 Democrat 22
Populist 8 Populist 3
Imperialist or Isolationist??

38. The U.S. as a World Power

39. U.S. Intervention

40. The Roosevelt Corollary
1906
Dominican Republic
Extension of Monroe Doctrine

41. Roosevelt Corollary
“That’s a live Wire, Gentlemen”

42. Another View
“Tell Your Troubles to the policeman”

43. Roosevelt “Takes” Panama
“at last, a revolution which will help the whole world"