1. Matt Dugan, LPC Steve Donaldson, MAC,CACII DAODAS: Charleston Center
DSM-5: A First Look
Matt Dugan, LPC
Steve Donaldson, MAC,CACII
DAODAS: Charleston Center

2. Opening Considerations
Brand NEW!
Clinician’s Perspective
Assumes familiarity with DSM-IV-TR
Relax…we’ve got time.
Good News: 947 vs pages
This is not like driving your first new car off the lot. This instruction manual is far more complex!
Not a physician: will attempt to incorporate my current clinical experience with the new material
Codes and Dx will be implemented over many months.
Large number of slides meant for handouts for future reference.

3. Overview Rationale for revisions Specific Diagnostic Changes
Controversies discussed throughout
Much maligned book.
Autism and ADHD changes
Many fear over dx, but in fact, substance disorders dx will be more resticted

4. Goals of the DSM5
Many resources, including handouts, field trial information, and video clips are available at psychiatry.org

5. Why Change?
“DSM must evolve.…a too-rigid categorical system does not capture clinical experience or important scientific observations….[it] should accommodate ways to introduce dimensional approaches to mental disorders, including dimensions that cut across current categories.” (p5).
Arbitrary categories: Disorders usually diagnosed in infancy, early childhood or adolescence and impulse control d/o not elsewhere classified
While in the past DSM versions, disorders were diagnosed in categories when a certain number of symptoms were met, and if the number was not met, they were not diagnosed.
However, the categorical syndromes do not always fit with the reality of the range of symptoms that individuals’ experience. For example, individuals with Schizophrenia often have other symptoms that do not match the criteria for diagnosing Schizophrenia – Insomnia, for example, or symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Also, because the criteria for diagnosis are “yes/no” (i.e., does the individual have this disorder or not?), in most cases there is no method in DSM-IV to account for the severity of the disorder, and thus no specified way to determine if the patient is improving with treatment.

6. 4 Revision Principles DSM5 is intended to be used by clinicians
Revisions should be guided by research evidence
Consistency with previous versions, where possible
No constraints should be placed on the degree of change between IV-TR and 5
For clinicians, so must have clinical practice utility and ease.
No Sacred Cows
Workgroups examined broader methodological concerns in the field, including contradictory evidence.
Development of a refined definition of mental disorder
Consistency: No Windows8 revision!
Revision of the NOS disorders for greater specificity
Weak and undervalidated diagnoses were considered for deletion.

7. Organizational Structure
Many categories have been refined and diagnoses have been re-assigned
ICD and DSM collaboration to improve clarity and guide research
Harmony with ICD-11
Far easier to use (much less page flipping)
Each d/o has associated differentials and rationales
Though disorders have undergone field testing for interrater reliability, the classification of disorders into specific categories (Disorders of infancy, mood, psychotic, etc.) has not been considered scientifically significant.
DSM III originally defined the diagnostic categories currently in use a half-century ago.
Therefore, we currently see a high rate of comorbidity across categories , excessive use of NOS disorders, and inability to integrate DSM disorders with current genetic and scientific data.
The existence of 2 classifications of mental disorders hinders the collection and use of national health statistics, clinical trials, treatments, etc.
2 systems impair study across broad national boundaries
Even when the intention was to identify identical patient populations, DSM-IV and ICD-10 did not always agree.
It was imperative to collaborate to reduce confusion and improve utility across the global medical field.
Currently DSM-IV utilizes ICD-9CM
ICD-10 implementation Oct 2014
ICD-11 impending release: chosen code set for DSM5 (though both codes are present in the DSM5; already found some typos!)
The goal is for insurance companies to be using DSM5 codes by Dec 31, 2013
ALL of the criteria needed for specific mood disorders are located on consecutive pages, no need to specifically locate the criteria for hypomania and MDE

8. Dimensional Approach Removal of narrow categorical schema
“…the once plausible goal of identifying homogeneous populations for treatment and research resulted in narrow diagnostic categories that did not capture clinical reality, symptom heterogeneity within disorders, and significant sharing of symptoms across multiple disorders.” (p12)
DSM-IV in many ways focused on reducing false positive dx’s.
Because its approach considered each dx as categorically separate from health and other disorders (Axis II and III) it didn’t capture the widespread sharing of sxs and risk factors across many disorders.
Like most human ills, mental disorders are heterogeneous at many levels, ranging from genetic risk factors to symptoms.

9. Improvement Over Previous DSM
The DSM-5 allows you to better capture the symptoms and severity of the illness.
Assessments will be much more “dimensional”
Clinicians will be able to rate both the presence and the severity of the symptoms, such as “Severe,” or “Moderate”
This rating could also be done to track a patient’s progress in treatment, allowing a way to note improvements even if the symptoms don’t disappear entirely.
The problem with the “Severe Vs Moderate, is they are the same dx code, so change is harder to see from an MIS view.

10. Dimensional Approach New Groupings were tied to scientific validators
Shared neural substrates, family traits, environmental factors, biomarkers, temperamental antecedents, abnormalities of emotional or cognitive processing, symptoms similarity, course of illness, high comorbidity and shared treatment response.
Internalizing and Externalizing Factors
Formed the empirical guidelines to inform decision making by the work groups about how to cluster disorders to maximize validity and clinical utility.
Disorders will be broken out from their previous groupings based on new scientific understanding of their principal features.
For example: because recent studies have shown that obsessive-compulsive disorder involves distinct neurocircuits, it and several related disorders will constitute their own chapter rather than be addressed in the chapter on anxiety disorders. Similarly, mood disorders are being divided into two chapters for bipolar and related disorders and for depressive disorders.
Purpose: enable future research to enhance understanding of disease origin, pathophysiological commonalities between disorders, provide a base for validity through replication studies.
Research demonstrated (via twin studies) links common genetic and environmental risk factors for Anxiety, Depressive and Somatic disorders (the internalizing group) These categories are adjacent in the DSM5.
The Externalizing factors group (impulsive, disruptive conduct and substance use) shared similar risk factors and so were also placed next to each other.
Perhaps analogous to the introversion-extroversion trait regarding stimulus or sensation seeking
Goal: encourage advances in diagnosis, markers, and underlying mechanisms in future research.

11. Developmental/Lifespan Considerations
Organized by developmental processes
Both within and between categories
Neurodevelopmental disorders before Bipolar Disorders before Neurocognitive disorders
Separation Anxiety Disorder before Specific Phobia before Panic Disorder
DSM-5 will be organized in sequence with the developmental lifespan. This organization will be evident in every chapter and within individual diagnostic categories, with disorders typically diagnosed in childhood detailed first, followed by those in adolescence, adulthood and later life. Disorders previously addressed in a single “infancy, childhood and adolescence” chapter will now be integrated throughout the manual.

12. DSM5 Categories Neurodevelopmental d/o
Internalizing Group (Emotional and Somatic d/o)
Bipolar and Related
Depressive
Anxiety
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related
Trauma- and Stressor-Related
Dissociative
Somatic symptom and Related
While the actual number of disorders will not increase significantly, three additional disorder chapters will be added to DSM-5 to better classify the disorders based on known similarities to one another.
The organization will be easier to follow..

13. DSM5 Categories Externalizing Group Neurocognitive Disorders
Feeding and Eating
Elimination
Sleep-Wake
Sexual Dysfunction
Gender Dysphoria
Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct
Substance Related and Addictive
Neurocognitive Disorders
Personality Disorders
Paraphilic Disorders
Other Mental Disorders/Conditions of Clinical Attention

14. DSM5 Categories Section III Assessment Measures Cultural Formulation
Cross-Cutting Symptom Measures (Adult & child)
Clinician rated dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity
WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0
Cultural Formulation
Alternative DSM5 Model for Personality Disorders
Conditions for Further Study
Can replace GAF?
Considerations for future study and possible dx: Caffeine Substance Related DO/ Intenet Gaming DO, etc, which may be addressed in the DSM5.1 or DSM5.2

15. Attention to Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
The process for developing the proposed diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 has included careful consideration of how gender, race and ethnicity may affect the diagnosis of mental illness.
Each chapter has considerations for gender, race, and ethnicity i.e, percentage of dx , etc.

16. What happened to NOS? We now have two options! Other Specified D/o
Clinician communicates the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the criteria for any specific category within a diagnostic class.
E.g., “Other Depressive D/o, depressive episode with insufficient symptoms”
Unspecified D/o
No clinician specific reason
Decision between these is based on the clinician, providing maximum flexibility for diagnosis.
Differentiating between these does not have to rely on some feature of the presentation, as with NOS in some cases.

17. Farewell Multiaxial System
DSM-IV-TR
DSM-5
“The multiaxial distinction among Axis I, II, and III disorders does not imply that there are fundamental differences in their conceptualization….”
Axis IV problems were specifically defined by DSM-IV
Axis V: GAF
It’s gone.
Psychosocial and Environmental problems are directly adopted from ICD-9-CM V codes and the new ICD-10 Z codes.
WHODAS 2.0 (proposed for further study) Available at psychiatry.org/dsm5
Even 20 years ago, there was concern about the validity of multiaxial taxonomy.
In short, it is unnecessary for the purpose of making an effective diagnosis.
GAF was dropped due to lack of conceptual clarity and questionable psychometrics in clinical practice.
WHODAS (disability assessment schedule) internationally used, self-administered 5 pt likert rating 36Q, but clinician rated.
6 domains: Understanding and Communicating, Getting Around, Self Care, Getting Along with People, Life Activities, household, Life Activities, school/work and Participation in Society.

18. Diagnostic example
Brief Psychotic D/o ICD-9CM (F23) ICD-10 Stimulant Use disorder, severe, amphetamine type substance, (F15.20) Homelessness V60.0 (Z59.0) Extreme Poverty V60.2 (Z59.5) WHODAS: Average General Disability = 4 Severe

19. Highlights of Diagnostic Changes
DSM5 (New disorders are underlined)

20. Neurodevelopmental Disorders
MR has been replaced with Intellectual Disability
Communication D/O’s
Now include Language and Speech Sound d/o (Replaced mixed receptive-expressive d/o and phonological d/o); added Social (Pragmatic) Comm d/o.
Autism Spectrum d/o
subsumes Asperger’s, Rett’s, Childhood Disintegrative d/o, and PDD NOS.
ADHD
Minimal changes to Learning and Motor d/o’s.
ID: Criteria assess both adaptive functioning as well as cognitive capacity
Social Prag: new condition persistent difficulties in the social uses of verbal and nonverbal communication
Autism Spectrum: characterized by 2 Core domains: deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted pattern of behavior interests and activities.
ADHD: subtle changes. Was: some impairing ADHD sxs before age 7 to Several impairing sx by age 12; comorbid dx with autism is now permitted; symptom threshold for adult ADHD has been revised (5 symptoms instead of 6).

21. Schizophrenia Spectrum
Eliminated special attribution of bizarre delusions and Schneiderian first rank AH
Added the requirement that at least one of Criterion A symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech.
Eliminated all subtypes
Schizoaffective d/o
Requires that a major mood episode be present for a majority of the illness’s duration
Delusional D/o
No longer requires that delusions be nonbizarre
Catatonia is now uniform throughout the DSM and may be used with a specifier
Eliminated Shared Psychotic d/o
1st rank: two or more voices conversing
Therefore requiring 2 Criterion A symptoms for a dx of SCZ: delusions (Not bizare), Hallucinations, disorg speech, grossly disorg or catatonic beh and neg sx
Subtypes were not validated, unstable across the lifespan and low reliability
SAFD ex: “I’ve got schizophrenia bipolar d/o.”

22. Bipolar and Related Disorders
Diagnosis requires both changes in mood and changes in activity or energy
Mixed episode is replaced with new specifier: “With mixed features.”
Anxious Distress specifier was added; all other specifiers remain
More flexibility for ‘orphaned’ patients whose spectrum of sxs don’t fit perfectly.
Orphaned: Other Specified Bipolar d/o example: hx of MDE and symptoms of hypomania but only for 3 days (4 days required for Bipolar II dx)

23. Depressive Disorders Disruptive Mood Dysregulation d/o
Addresses overtreatment and over-dx of bipolar in children. Persistent irritability and episodes of extreme behavior dysregulation
PMDD is now officially classified
Persistent Depressive d/o subsumes dysthymia and chronic MDD
Mixed Features specifier replaced Mixed Episode
Bereavement symptom duration exclusion has been removed for MDD
Other Specified Depressive d/o
can capture recurrent brief depression, short duration episodes, or episodes with insufficient sxs
DMDD: up to 12 years. Most research demonstrates these children develop unipolar depression in adulthood not bipolar.
Bereavement: MDE lasting less than 2 mos following death was excluded from DX of MDD in DSM –IV. Doesn’t match grief science Grief= 1-2 years and MDD symptoms can be precipitated by these events.
Once again, the mixed features specifier assists the clinician. Gray areas of disorders. Dimensional not categorical.
Proposed conditions for further study:
Suicidal Beh d/o
Nonsuicidal self-injury

24. Anxiety Disorders OCD and PTSD removed
Specific Phobia and Social Anxiety d/o
Removed criterion that adults recognize their anxiety is excessive/unreasonable; instead level of anxiety must be disproportional to the actual danger
Generalized specifier for SAD has been replaced with ‘performance only’ specifier
Panic Attacks specifier
Panic attacks and Agoraphobia are unlinked in DSM5
Separation Anxiety d/o and Selective Mutism now are classified here
Given their own chapters
Disproportional after cultural factors have been accounted for
Panic attacks can specify any DSM d/o
New Dx: Panic d/o and Agoraphobia, replace panic w/agor, panic w/o agor, and agor w/o panic (much simpler)
Wording of Criteria for Separation Anxiety d/o better account for adult onset sx

25. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related D/O
New to DSM5
Hoarding d/o
Excoriation (skin-picking) d/o
Substance-induced Obsessive-Compulsive d/o
Obsessive-Compulsive and related d/o due to another medical condition
Trichotillomania has been reclassified from DSM-IV Impulse-Control d/o category
Body Dysmorphic d/o
Specifiers
Good or Fair Insight, Poor Insight and Absent insight/delusional
OCD now includes ‘tic-related’ specifier
“Muscle dysphoria’ added to BDD
Delusional variant of BDD is coded with absent insight specifier instead of an additional delusional d/o, somatic type
Tic specifier has important clinical implications

26. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
Adjustment d/o are reclassified here
Reactive Attachment d/o and Disinhibited Social Engagement d/o
PTSD criteria differ significantly
Adj: have been reconceptualized as a heterogeneous array of stress-response syndromes that occur after a stressful event rather than a residual category for subsyndromal distress.
RAD and DSE d/o more fully explain the DSM-IV subtypes of Reactive Attachment d/o and reflect the Internalizing and Externalizing Factors for conceptualizing DSM5 disorders discussed earlier.

27. PTSD What constitutes ‘traumatic’ is more explicit
Criterion A2 (DSM-IV) referencing intense-negative subjective reaction has been removed
DSM-IV had 3 symptoms clusters; DSM5 has 4
Re-experiencing
Avoidance
Persistent negative alterations in cognitions and mood
Arousal
As with DSM-IV but now includes irritable beh or angry outbursts and reckless or self-destructive beh.
Dx thresholds have been lowered for children and adolescents.
Separate criteria have been added for children age 6 or younger.
Specifier for dissociative symptoms has been added
Avoidance cluster was broken into avoidance and persistent negative cognitions/mood

28. Definition of Trauma DSM-IV Criterion A DSM-5 Criterion A
“1) the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others.
2) the person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror.” p467
“Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways:
1) Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s)
2)Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others.
3) Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental
4) Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s)….” p271
DSM5 A4 does not include exposure through electronic media, etc.

29. Dissociative Disorders
Depersonalization d/o is now Depersonalization/Derealization d/o
Dissociative Fugue is now a specifier of Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Identity d/o
Disruptions of identify may be reported as well as observed
Gaps in recall for events may occur for everyday, not just traumatic events.
Cultural note: DID criterion A includes: “Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience of possession…”
DSM5 incorporates these cultural references throughout.

30. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
New name for Somatoform d/o
Very likely to be identified/treated by the PCP and NOT by psychiatry
Reduces number of d/o to avoid problematic overlap
Somatization, hypochondriasis, pain, and undiff. somatoform d/o have been removed
Somatic Symptom d/o = somatization d/o
Illness Anxiety d/o = hypochondriasis
Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
Conversion d/o (Functional Neurological Symptom d/o)
In psychology, a somatic sx d/o are mental disorders characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition, direct effect of a substance, or attributable to another mental disorder (e.g. panic disorder).
The symptoms that result from a somatoform disorder are due to mental factors.
In people who have a somatoform disorder, medical test results are either normal or do not explain the person's symptoms. It is not malingering or a factious disorder.
DSM5 stresses the importance of neurological testing when attempting to diagnose a Somatic Symptom or related d/o
somatization d/o only if maladaptive thoughts, feelings and beh are present.
Illness Anxiety d/o = hypochondriasis: high health anxiety but no somatic symptoms, unless better explained by another condition; specifier care-seeking type, care avoidant type
Some individuals with chronic pain would be appropriately diagnosed as having somatic sx d/o with predominant pain
Conversion specifiers: weakness/paralysis, abnormal movement, swallowing sx, speech sx, attacks or sz, anesthesia or sensory loss, special sensory sx, mixed sxs.

31. Feeding and Eating Disorders
Avoidant/restrictive food intake d/o for infants
Anorexia nervosa
requirement for amenorrhea was eliminated.
Bulimia nervosa
Average frequency of binge/compensatory beh reduced to once weekly
Binge Eating d/o
Criteria as proposed in DSM-IV appendix is unchanged substantially
DSM-IV eating disorders of childhood will be reclassified and placed in the “Eating Disorders” category (Pica, Rumination).
It is proposed that the wording of "non-food substances" be added alongside the current DSM-IV-TR wording of "non-nutritive substances to clarify that items consumed are not just merely lacking nutrients (diet soda, according to the DSM-V committee, is an example of a non-nutritive substance), but are actual non-foodstuffs.
Mayor Bloomberg joke

32. Sleep-Wake Disorders
Narcolepsy (associated with hypocretin deficiency) is now distinguished from hypersomnolence d/o
Breathing-related sleep d/o
Obstructive sleep apnea
Hypopnea
Central sleep apnea
Sleep-related hypoventilation
Expanded circadian rhythm sleep disorders
REM sleep Behavior d/o
Restless Legs syndrome

33. Sexual Dysfunctions
Female arousal and desire d/o have been combined: Female sexual interest/arousal d/o
Genito-pelvis pain/penetration d/o
Sexual Aversion d/o removed
2 subtypes:
Lifelong vs. acquired
Generalized vs. situational
Genito- :combined vaginismus and dyspareunia, which were highly comorbid
Aversion: rare use or supporting research

34. Gender Dysphoria
Emphasizes the phenomenon of gender incongruence rather than cross-gender identification, as in DSM-IV Gender Identity d/o
Criteria for Child diagnosis has been made more restrictive and conservative
Subtyping on the basis of sexual orientation was removed
Posttransition specifier
DSM5 focuses on the clinical problem, the dysphoria, not the identity of the individual
Along with these changes comes the creation of a separate Gender Dysphoria in Children as well as one for Adults and Adolescents. The grouping will be moved out of the Sexual Disorders category and into its own. The name change was made in part due to stigmatization of the term "disorder" and the relatively common use of "gender dysphoria" in the GID literature and among specialists in the area. The creation of a specific disorder for children reflects the lesser ability of children to have insight into what they are experiencing and ability to express it in the event that they have insight

35. Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
ODD criteria grouped in 3 types:
Angry/irritable mood
Argumentative/defiant behavior
Vindictiveness
Conduct d/o now requires limited prosocial emotions
Intermittent Explosive d/o criteria is not limited to physical aggression
Conduct: b/c ASPD is frequently associated with these d/o it is listed in this category as well as PD’s.

36. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Gambling d/o
Abuse and Dependence replaced with Substance Use d/o
Criteria included for Intoxication, Withdrawal, Substance-Induced and Unspecified Substance-Related d/o
New criterion: Craving
Threshold for Dx set at 2 criteria
Cannabis and Caffeine Withdrawals

37. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Severity of SUD is based on number of endorsed criteria
Mild 2-3
Moderate 4-5
Severe 6+
Specifiers
Early remission
Sustained remission
In a controlled environment
On maintenance therapy
Eliminated from DSM-5
With/Without Physiological dependence
Partial/Full remissions specifiers
Polysubstance Dependence
Controlled environment specifier can be added to early or sustained specifer: alcohol use disorder in early remission in a controlled environment.

38. SUD Criteria
A. A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 2 (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12-month period:
1. recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home (e.g., repeated absences or poor work performance related to substance use; substance-related absences, suspensions, or expulsions from school; neglect of children or household)
2. recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (e.g., driving an automobile or operating a machine when impaired by substance use)
3. continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance (e.g., arguments with spouse about consequences of intoxication, physical fights)
4. tolerance, as defined by either of the following:
a. a need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect
b. markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance
(Note: Tolerance is not counted for those taking medications under medical supervision such as analgesics, antidepressants, ant-anxiety medications or beta- blockers.)
(Next Page)>>>>>>

39. SUD Criteria Continued
5. withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following:
a. the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance (refer to Criteria A and B of the criteria sets for Withdrawal from the specific substances)
b. the same or a closely related substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms
6. the substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended
7. there is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use
8. a great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects
9. important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use
10. the substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.
11. Craving or a strong desire or urge to use a specific substance.
Proposed for further study:
Caffeine Use d/o
Internet Gaming d/o
Neurobehavioral d/o Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

40. Neurocognitive Disorders
Dementia and Amnestic d/o are subsumed under Major or mild Neurocognitive d/o.
Specific criteria for various etiologies are incorporated
Frontotemporal NCD, Lewy Bodies, Vascular, TBI, substance/medication induced, HIV, Prion, Parkinson’s, Huntington's, etc.

41. Personality Disorders
The criteria for the 10 DSM-5 PD’s have not changed.
Alternative approach was field tested
3 Clusters remain (though empirically remain unvalidated)
Field Test: results not robust enough yet. Included in Section III for further exploration. Strong connotation in the text for a reconceptualizing of PDs at large.
Therefore, I’ve included an introduction to the Trait specified PD concept.

42. Personality Disorder (Proposed)
Criteria similar to current understanding
i.e., pervasive and relatively stable pattern of behavior, cognitions, affect and social interaction that are maladaptive
Conceptualizes functioning based on dimensions of healthy vs. pathological personality domains & traits
Adopted from over a century of Personality Research

43. PD Proposed Impairment in functioning areas (2 or more):
Identity
Self-Direction
Empathy
Intimacy
Presence of Pathological Personality Trait domains (or facets) (1 or more):
Negative Affectivity (vs.. Emotional Stability)
Detachment (vs.. Extraversion)
Antagonism (vs.. Agreeableness)
Disinhibition (vs.. Conscientiousness)
Psychoticism (vs.. Lucidity)
Identity and Self-direction represent general functioning of the self
Empathy and Intimacy refer to interpersonal functioning.
Both rated on 0-4 Likert scale from little or no impairment to Extreme impairment

44. Negative Affectivity (vs.. Emotional Stability)
Emotional Lability
Anxiousness
Separation Insecurity
Submissiveness
Hostility
Perseveration
Depressivity
Suspiciousness
Restricted Affectivity
Detachment (vs.. Extraversion)
Withdrawal
Intimacy Avoidance
Anhedonia
Antagonism (vs.. Agreeableness)
Agreeableness
Manipulativeness
Deceitfulness
Grandiosity
Attention Seeking
Callousness
Hostility
Disinhibition (vs.. Conscientiousness)
Irresponsibility
Impulsivity
Distractibility
Risk Taking
Rigid Perfectionism
Psychoticism (vs.. Lucidity)
Unusual Beliefs/experiences
Eccentricity
Cognitive and Perceptual Dysregulation

45. Conclusions
DSM-5 has been a work in progress for 12 years and represents the most current understanding of psychiatric, psychological, and neurologic literature.
Discrete classification has been tempered by dimensional conceptualization regarding symptoms and severity of presentation
Developmental and Cultural implications are woven throughout for clarity, parsimony and to incorporate the broadest global understanding of mental disorders
Designed with the clinician in mind for ease of use

46. Thank You!
Questions?
Comments?
Concerns?