1. Chapter 5
Muscular System

2. MUSCLES Approximately 40% of your body weight
Approximately 650 muscles
Muscles only pull (they can’t push)
You have over 30 facial muscles
Eye muscles move more than 100,000 times a day

3. There are 3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

4. Skeletal Muscles
Definition - organs that are composed mainly of skeletal muscle tissue, but they also contain connective tissues, nerves, and blood vessels.
Each cell is a single muscle fiber.
Muscle fibers form bundles called fascicles.
Directly or indirectly attached to the bones of the skeleton

5. Skeletal Muscle Functions
Muscle plays six important roles in the body:
Produce skeletal movement
Maintains posture and body position
Support soft tissues (abdominal wall & pelvic cavity)
Guard entrances and exits (digestive and urinary tracts)
Maintain body temperature (energy is converted to heat)
Store nutrient reserves (proteins are broken down & amino acids are used)

7. Organization of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
At the end of the muscle, the collagen fibers come together to form a tendon.
Tendons attach muscles to bone
Origin – where the fixed end of the muscle attaches to the bone (cartilage or connective tissue)
Insertion – where the movable end of the muscle attaches to another structure

8. Origin/Insertion Example
Gastrocnemius – calf muscle that extends from the distal portion of the femur to the calcaneus
When it contracts it pulls the calcaneus toward the knee
Origin – femur
Insertion - calcaneus

9. Head and Neck Muscles Figure 6.14 Slide 6.38
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10. Trunk Muscles Figure 6.15 Slide 6.39
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11. Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles
Figure 6.16
Slide 6.40
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12. Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
Figure 6.18c
Slide 6.41
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13. Muscles of the Lower Leg
Figure 6.19
Slide 6.42
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14. Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Figure 6.20
Slide 6.43
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15. Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Figure 6.21
Slide 6.44
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16. Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Flexion – bending at the joint
Extension - straightening at the joint
Hyperextension
Rotation – rotating on axis
Abduction – moving away from the midline
Adduction – moving toward the body
Circumduction – circular movement
Slide 6.32
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17. Body Movements Figure 6.13 Slide 6.33
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18. Special Movements
Dorsifelxion
Plantar flexion

19. Special Movements Inversion Eversion Slide 6.34
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20. STRETCHING!!
Lactic Acid- Toxins that build up within our muscles due to:
Over working the muscles
Damaging the muscles
Not receiving enough oxygen
Two kinds of stretching:
1. Static
2. Dynamic

21. Strain vs. Sprain
What is a strain? Strains are injuries that involve the stretching or tearing of a (muscle and tendon) structure What is a sprain? A sprain is an injury involving the stretching or tearing of a ligament (tissue that connects bone to bone)

22. Ankle Sprains

23. Examples of Strains

25. Sprains and Strains are categorized according to severity.
Grade I (mild) sprain or strain involves some stretching or minor tearing of a ligament or muscle.
Grade II (moderate) sprain or strain is a ligament or muscle that is partially torn but still intact.
Grade III (severe) sprain or strain means that the ligament or muscle is completely torn, resulting in joint instability.

26. R – rest I - immobilize Braces and Ice (20 min.) C - compression
First Aid
R – rest
I - immobilize
Braces and Ice (20 min.)
C - compression
E - elevation

27. Rebuilding Muscles
Protein builds AMINO ACIDS to repair and build muscles.
Muscle Atrophy-
Muscle Hypertrophy-

28. ACL (Connects femur to tibia)

29. ACL Tear (Signs and Symptoms)
Feeling or hearing a pop in the knee at the time of injury.
Pain on the outside and back of the knee.
The knee swelling within the first few hours of the injury.
Limited knee movement because of pain, swelling or both.
The knee feeling unstable, buckling or giving out

30. Contusions

31. Muscle Cramping
A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax.
Almost everyone experiences a muscle cramp at some time in their life.
Numerous medicines can cause muscle cramps.
Most muscle cramps can be stopped if the muscle can be stretched.
Prevent by drinking plenty of water before, during and after exercising!!

32. Compartment Syndrome
is a painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels.
This pressure can decrease blood flow, which prevents nourishment and oxygen from reaching nerve and muscle cells.
Symptoms:
Aching, burning or cramping
Tightness
Numbness or tingling
Weakness

33. Why do we need to rehab an injury?
Can muscle soreness be good?

34. Information obtained from: http://www.mda.org/disease/dmd.html
Muscular Dystrophy
Definition - a group of genetic, degenerative diseases primarily affecting voluntary muscles.
Cause - An absence of dystrophin, a protein that helps keep muscle cells intact.
Information obtained from:

35. DMD continued..... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZAOOHayy4I
Onset - Early childhood - about 2 to 6 years.
Symptoms - Generalized weakness first affecting the muscles of the hips, pelvic area, thighs and shoulders. Calves are often enlarged.
Progression - DMD eventually affects all voluntary muscles, and the heart and breathing muscles.
Inheritance - X-linked recessive. DMD primarily affects boys, who inherit the disease through their mothers. Women can be carriers of DMD but usually exhibit no symptoms.