1. EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #5

2. Bio Analyze the flow of energy and cycling of matter (water, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) through ecosystems relating the significance of each to maintaining the health and sustainability of an ecosystem. Bio Explain various ways organisms interact with each other (including predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism) and with their environments resulting in stability within ecosystems.

3. Organisms that can mate an produce fertile offspring
species

4. Group of the same organisms in an area
population

5. All interacting populations in an area
community

6. All biotic and abiotic factors in an area
ecosystem

7. Place in order from smallest to largest: ecosystem, species, community, population

8. Permanent relationship between 2 organisms
symbiotic relationship

9. One organism is helped and the other is hurt
parasitism
Examples:
Tapeworms
Ticks
Fleas
Viruses

10. One organism is helped and one is unaffected
commensalism
Examples
orchids on trees
barnacles on a whale
Cyanobacteria on a polar bear

11. Both are helped Mutualism Examples Lichens – algae and fungi
sea anemone and clownfish
Cleaner shrimp and sharks

12. Bio Explain why ecosystems can be relatively stable over hundreds or thousands of years, even though populations may fluctuate (emphasizing availability of food, availability of shelter, number of predators and disease).

13. Which does the ecosystem have to have more of at first
Which does the ecosystem have to have more of at first? _____ What happens to the prey population as predators increase? ______
Prey
Prey would decrease

14. Non-living factors in environment
abiotic factors
Examples
Temperature
acidity of soil
Soil
Water
Oxygen
nutrients

15. Living factors in the environment
biotic factors
Examples
Animals
Plants
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists

16. The total number of species a population can support is the _____
The total number of species a population can support is the _____. It is reached because of ______.
carrying capacity
limiting factors

17. Resources, Disease, Predator/Prey are _______ limiting factors.
density-dependent

18. Extreme temperature changes, natural disasters, destruction of a habitat are ___limiting factor
density-independent

19. Increased birthrate and decreased death rate cause a population to ______.

20. Which age bracket has the largest percentage of people?
40-50 (baby boomers) This is a fairly stable population

21. Which sex in living longest?
females

22. Predictable changes in a community overtime is called ______
Predictable changes in a community overtime is called ______. It will continue until a ____is reached.
Succession
Climax community

23. Succession on rock like after a volcanic eruption of after a glacier recedes is called _________.
primary succession

24. The first organisms to grow are called the______
The first organisms to grow are called the______. An example on rock is a ______.
pioneer species
lichen

25. Succession on soil is called ______. First organisms to grow are ___.
secondary succession
grasses and weeds

26. The three parts of a stable ecosystem are ____________.
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers

27. Organisms with the most energy in a food web are the ____
Organisms with the most energy in a food web are the ____. They have the greatest impact on the ecosystem because without them there would not be food and energy for the others.
Producers (autotrophs)

28. Producers primarily make their own food by the process of
photosynthesis

29. Producers take in the atmospheric gas _____ and produce _____ an organic compound and _____ which is released into the atmosphere.
carbon dioxide
Glucose
oxygen

30. All organisms take in the atmospheric gas ____and use it to break down ______ in the process called _________which releases ______.
Oxygen
Glucose
cellular respiration
carbon dioxide

31. Decomposers like ____ and ______ breakdown organic matter and put the nutrients back into the soil.
Bacteria
Fungi

32. Oxygen is necessary for ____, _____, and _______.
Respiration
Combustion
Decomposition

33. Carbon dioxide is necessary for ___________.
photosynthesis

34. The most abundant gas in the air you breathe is _____ but your body cannot process it to make ____ and _______.
Nitrogen
Proteins
nucleic acids

35. _____ in the soil convert nitrogen gas into the usable form of ammonia, nitrates, and nitrites so plants can use it. We get the correct form of nitrogen we need from the plants or animals that have eaten plants.
Bacteria

36. Water gets into the atmosphere by ____, _____, and ______.
Evaporation
Transpiration
Respiration

37. Who are the herbivores?
Worm
Snail
rabbit

38. Who are the carnivores?
Lizard
eagle

39. Who are the producers?
grass

40. Who are the primary consumers?
Worm
Snail
Rabbit
bird (when eating grass)

41. Who are the secondary consumers?
bird (when eating the worm)
Lizard
eagle (when eating rabbit)

42. Who are the tertiary consumers?
eagle

43. What happens if the bird population is reduced?
Eagles eat more lizards and rabbits making them decrease
Snail population increases

44. What trophic level does the lizard belong to?
Third (count auto and heterotrophs)

45. Which organism has the most energy?
grasses

46. Which organism has the least energy?
eagles

47. Which organism would have the most biomass?
grasses

48. If a toxin were introduced to the food web, which organism would it show up most in?
eagle

49. Who are the autotrophs?
grasses

50. Which component was left out of the food web?
decomposers
(if it was there, all arrows would point toward it)

51. Bio Infer how human activities (including population growth, pollution, global warming, burning of fossil fuels, habitat destruction and introduction of nonnative species) may impact the environment. Bio Explain how the use, protection and conservation of natural resources by humans impact the environment from one generation to the next.

52. ______ impact the environment the most due to alterations in environments and use of natural resources.
Humans

53. Harmful substances released into the soil, water, and air is called _______ which threatens all organisms.
pollution

54. Agricultural or sewage runs off into the freshwater ecosystem and can cause rapid growth of an algal bloom and eventually oxygen depletion. This is called ______ and will eventually cause the body of water to fill in.
eutrophication

55. Building cities takes away organisms’ habitats causing them to move or die. Overhunting and overfishing can also lead to a decrease in ________.
biodiversity

56. _______ will cause the oxygen and water levels in the atmosphere to decrease and the carbon dioxide levels to increase. It also takes away an organisms’ habitat.
Deforestation

57. Sustaining resources is important because some natural resources are _______________.
nonrenewable

58. The ______helps to control and stabilize the temperature of Earth by trapping infrared radiation. The burning of _____ has increased the amount of _________in the atmosphere causing global warming.
greenhouse effect
fossil fuels
carbon dioxide

59. Burning of fossil fuels also releases sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. When these mix with precipitation, ____ is formed which affects the forest and the freshwater ecosystem.
acid rain

60. The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet rays from the sun
The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet rays from the sun. _____ have caused ozone depletion increasing skin cancer and mutations.
Chlorofluorocarbons

61. Soil erosion, overuse of farmlands, and pesticides threaten the ____.
food supply

62. Items put in landfills should be ____ or able to be broken down by decomposers. Otherwise we should ____, _____, and _______. Conserving fuel and electricity reduce your carbon footprint.
Biodegradable
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle