1. Welcome to IHE Geography : Geography of Food Semester 2
Teacher : Mrs Ruth ANN-LOH
Office : Main Staffroom, Level 2 (Above GO)
Tel :
MSN :
FB : Ruth ANN LOH

2. Geography of Food
Introduction to food consumption, production and distribution
1. Housekeeping/syllabus
2. Types of farming system/agricultural economy
2.1 arable, pastoral, mixed farming
2.2 subsistence & commercial faming
2.3 sedentary and nomadic (migratory)
2.4 extensive and intensive farming
2.5 Case studies – MEDC and LEDC
3. World farming types and distribution

3. Farming is an industry and operates like other industries
Farming is an industry and operates like other industries. It is a system with:
OUTPUTS: These are the products of the farm. If the farm is to make a profit the value of the outputs should be greater than that of the inputs.
INPUTS:
These are what go into a farm and can be divided into physical, human and economic inputs.
PROCESSES: These are the activities on the farm which turn the inputs into outputs.

4. Farming system Inputs labour capital seeds animals fertilisers
pesticides
Processes
ploughing
sowing
spraying
adding fertiliser
harvesting
grazing
milking
Outputs
wheat
potatoes
barley
seeds
crop waste
milk
hides
wool
eggs
You can also discuss other feedback loops such as the waste products/manure becoming inputs.
profit

5. Geography of Food -IPO for short

6. The Farmer is very important and is the DECISION-MAKER.
Each individual farmers decision on what crops to grow or animals to rear, and which methods to use to maximise output, depends on an UNDERSTANDING of the most favourable physical and economic conditions for the farm.
Sometimes, the farmer may have several choices and so the decision may depend upon individual likes and expertise. On other occasions the choice may be limited by extreme physical conditions or economic or political pressures.

7. Farming can be classified by Inputs, Processes or Outputs
INTENSIVE or EXTENSIVE
ARABLE, PASTORAL
or MIXED
SUBSISTENCE or
COMMERCIAL

8. Grows crops and rears animals
What are the different types of farming?
Pastoral
Arable
Mixed Farming:
Grows crops and rears animals
Concentrates on rearing of animals.
Only grows crops e.g. arable farms in East Anglia.
Subsistence
Commercial
Producing food only to feed themselves and their families. In LEDC’s most farming is subsistence.
Farmers grow crops and rear animals to sell in order to make a profit. In MEDC’s most farming is commercial.

9. Extensive
Intensive
Where the farm size is very large compared with either the amount of money spent on it or the number of people working there.
Where the farm is small in size compared to the numbers working there or the amount of money spent on it, ie have high inputs of labour or capital (money) in order to achieve high outputs per hectare or yield.
NOMADIC
Nomadic farmers move around to find fresh pasture for animals or new plots of land to cultivate.
SEDENTARY: Settlement is permanent and the landscape is farmed every year.

10. In a nutshell for IPO : Recap : What does IPO stand for?

11. Classification by INPUT
INTENSIVE farming – high levels of input producing a high yield per hectare.
Examples include, arable farming in East Anglia, England and rice farming in South East Asia.
EXTENSIVE farming – low levels of input producing a low yield per hectare.
Example, sheep farming in North Wales

12. Classification by PROCESSES Arable vs. Pastoral
Growing and harvesting of crops
Pastoral
Specialise in rearing of animals
Mixed
Both pastoral and arable farming

13. Classification by OUTPUT
SUBSISTENCE farming
Produce is consumed by the farmer, any surplus is usually sold to buy other goods
COMMERCIAL farming
The majority of produce is sold to make financial profit

14. What effects the distribution of farming ?
The main factors affecting the distribution of farming are:
Climate
Relief (shape of the land)
Soil type
Accessibility to the market and labour supply

15. CASE STUDY : PRIMARY INDUSTRY IN UK (MEDC) VINE HOUSE FARM, LINCOLNSHIRE.

16. CASE STUDY : VINE HOUSE FARM, EAST ANGLIA (LEDC) (an arable farm)
Where is it ?
What are the inputs, outputs, processes ? (systems diagram)
How has it changed ?

17. CASE STUDY : VINE HOUSE FARM, EAST ANGLIA (an arable farm)
Don’t forget to include
KEYWORDS !!
Include simple
FACTS !!
Ask yourself these questions;
1. Where is it ?
2. What are the inputs, outputs, processes ? (systems diagram)
3. How has it changed ?
Remember to
describe its
LOCATION.
Summarise-
You can’t
learn it all

18. MEDC : United Kingdom (Detailed) - The different types of farming system

19. FARMING IN THE UK
Market Gardening
involves intensive
farming of high
value fruit and
salad vegetables
in greenhouses

20. FARMING IN THE UK
Sheep and beef
cattle are reared
for wool and
meat, mainly in
upland areas

21. FARMING IN THE UK
Dairy Farming
is the rearing of
cows for milk,
usually in flatter
areas - good grass
so lush pastures

22. FARMING IN THE UK
Arable Farming in
the UK is mainly
cereal crops, but
also vegetables
and animal feeds

23. South Penquite Farm – a case study

24. South Penquite Farm
South Penquite is a 80 hectare working hill farm situated high on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall.
The farm has a flock of 400 ewes and a herd of 60 cows as well as many horses, ponies, goats, donkeys and chickens.

25. South Penquite Farm

26. South Penquite Farm
The farm has achieved organic status under the guidance of the Soil Association.
It takes two years to convert the land over which time they have not used any pesticides or nitrogen fertilizers.
South Penquite started the conversion to becoming an organic farm in May 1999 and from June 2001 they have been able to offer organic beef and lamb.

27. South Penquite Farm The farm has diversified.
They offer a range of countryside holidays which include camping and horse riding. For the camping they have a limited number of pitches to minimize the impact on the environment. They also have facilities for field studies and opportunities for educational groups to learn about local environment.
Riding Holidays
Camping
Field Studies
Diversification is discussed in ‘changes in farming’ presentation.
South Penquite Farm welcomes interest from primary and secondary schools and make no charge for day visits to the farm from schools.

28. Wrap up on IPO :

29. World : Agriculture