1. Chapter 15 Multinationals and Migration
a. Multinationals
Link to syllabus
Chapter 15. Multinationals and Migration
Two types of factor flows, capital and labor. Capital can be direct or portfolio—does not involve management control.
Portfolio investment is done in second half of book.
Reference to multi-national enterprise (MNE) Host country, foreign affiliates.
Mentions anti-immigration sentiments in Europe, US.

2. FDI – Foreign Direct Investment (p. 345)
Flow definition: Flow of funding provided by investors (usually firms) to establish or acquire foreign companies or to expand or finance existing foreign companies that the investors own.
Key is sufficient ownership to control or influence the management of the foreign company.
Stock definition: Total value of existing funding (equity and debt) of foreign companies that has been provided by investors that own these foreign companies.
FDI – p. 345
Flow, Stock
Key is sufficient ownership to control or influence the management of the company.
MNE-operations in more than one country
Multinational (or Transnational) Enterprise (or Corporation)
A firm that owns and controls operations in more than one country
Portfolio vs. Direct Investment

3. Figure 15.1 p. 348. Major Stocks of (Outward) FDI, 2008
Figure 15.1 p Major Stocks of FDI, 2004.
US biggest single investor. Europe biggest host of FDI. China not listed. Lots of intermediation, UK Switz.

4. US International Investments/GDP
Data source: US DoC

5. Why do MNEs Exist? (pp )
First, acknowledge that there are inherent disadvantages of operating a foreign affiliate competing against local firms.
Firm-specific advantages of the MNE, especially intangible assets. (a.k.a. organizational advantages).
Location factors based on resource costs and availability, customer demand, government policies, and other considerations.
Internalization advantages in using these assets.
Oligopolistic rivalry that uses FDI in the firms’ strategies for competing.
Why do MNEs Exist? Pp. 349=350
Inherent disadvantages of operating a foreign affiliate
Firm specific advantages; especially intangible assets
Internalization advantages
Location factors: resource costs, demand, gov’t policies
Oligopolistic rivalry
Sometimes referred to as international industrial organization
Major proponent of this perspective is John Dunning – ‘eclectic theory.’
and the OLI theory.

6. Implications of the Dunning/OLI Model
Foreign direct investment is often a ‘good thing’ – although we must
remember that it will have effects on income distribution, as well as
on output and employment.
There are several important examples when FDI does not increase
national welfare, such as when it is attracted by tariffs or subsidies,
or political power.
FDI will probably be associated with higher profits, import and/or
export propensities, higher wages, more capital intensity.
One should view FDI as part of a dynamic world (product cycle)
FDI will vary by productive sector
OECD countries have lots of both IFDI and OFDI
For many countries, FI and FDI have greatly different values.

7. Table illustrating transfer prices (Pugel, p. 356)

8. OLI in Turkey
Journal of Management Development Vol. 27, #

9. Exporting Jobs and Sales
More sales from US subsidiaries overseas, than from US firms in the USA.
Source: NYT April 19, 2004

10. Outsourcing by Toyota
Outsourcing by Toyota
Source: NYT Oct 21, 2003

11. Narula/Dunning Investment Development Path
IDP: Source, UNCTAD: World Investment Report, 2006
Source: UNCTAD: World Investment Report, 2006 11

12. Outward Foreign Investment, OECD Countries, 1913-1995

13. Outward FI/GDP, Twentieth Century

14. FDI/GDP 1990 2000 2008 World Inward 9 18 25 North Africa 13 29 Outward27 1 3
Europe 11 36
West Africa 40 12 37 47 4
U.K. 21 30
Latin Amer 10 24 28 23 62 57 5
Canada
West Asia 15 33 2 7
USA 16
China 14 22
Russia -
Korea 8
India
Turkey 6
Source: World Investment Report, 2009
FDI/GDP. Source: WIR 2009

15. FDI outward stock, by Region
FDI outward stock, by Region. Selected years (billions of current US dollars)
FDI outward stock, selected years (billions of current US dollars)
Source seems to be WIR

16. Accumulated Foreign Direct Investment into the US, 2001.
Accumulated Foreign Investment into the US, 2001

17. US. Direct Investment Abroad 2001

18. Inward FDI Stocks in the US, by State.
Example Inward FDI Stocks in US, by State. Page 294
Thompson: International Economics Example Page 294

19. Inward and Outward FDI/GDP, 1980-2000

20. Japan: Outward FI/GDP
Japan: Outward FI/GDP

21. Example 8.6 FDI between US and Japan. Page 281
Year is probably around 1990
Source: Thompson: International Economics

22. Canada: Accumulated Inward Investment/Total Capital Stock

23. Canada: Foreign Ownership Ratios, by Sector

24. Mexico: Foreign Ownership of Capital, 1910-1990

25. FI from Oil Exporters US 2006 Outward FI $1,062b Outward FDI $235b
FI from Oil Exporters, compared to US data.
US 2006 Outward FI $1,062b
Outward FDI $235b
Source: NYT November 28, 2007

26. China: NYT Nov. 24, 2002

28. Figure 7.1 EU FDI Inflows, 1984-98 page 148
Hansen: European Integration

29. Table 7.4 Intra-EU FDI Flows. Page 152
Hansen: European Integration

30. Figure 7.2 EU Cross-border M&A in Manufacturing. Page 149
Hansen: European Integration

31. Table 7.3 Share of firms’ main motives for M&A Page 191
Hansen: European Integration

32. Figure 7.3 Share of Intra-EU FDI, by Sectors. P. 154
Hansen: European Integration

33. Table 7.5 Share of Intra-EU FDI in MFG., by Technology. Page 155
Hansen: European Integration

34. Table 7.6 Intra-EU FDI Flows of France. Page 156
Hansen: European Integration

35. Figures 7. 4 and 7. 5. FDI Net Outflows from France inside the EU
Figures 7.4 and 7.5. FDI Net Outflows from France inside the EU. Page 157
Figures 7.4 and 7.5. FDI Net Outflows from France inside the EU. Page 157
Hansen: European Integration

36. Figure 7.6 Trade and FDI between France and EU, 1998. P 159
Hansen: European Integration

37. US: Inward & Outward FDI Flows, 1982-2004

38. Narula/Dunning Investment Development Path

39. US FI/GDP,
US FI/GDP,

40. World IFDI, OFDI

41. Top TNCs from LDCs

42. US: Net International Position, 1988-2005
US: Net International Position, Source: US DoC. SCB.
Source: US DoC.

43. Link to IIP data
Link to intinv05_t2.xls

44. FDI inward stock, selected years (billions of current US dollars)
Source: World Investment Report