1. BOLTON SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN BOARD CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION SUMMIT 9 APRIL 2014
Welcome

2. Agenda and Aims CSE - Understanding the Issue
What’s Bolton Been Doing?
Project Phoenix – Greater Manchester response to CSE
Learning from Others – Themes from CSE Reviews
A Parents Perspective
Voice of the Child – What Victims Tell Us
Next Steps
Close and Evaluation
opening remarks by Mike

3. CSE what are we talking about ?
Sexual exploitation of children and young people under 18 involves exploitative situations, contexts and relationships where young people (or a third person or persons) receive ‘something’ (e.g. food, accommodation, drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, affection, gifts, money) as a result of them performing, and/or another or others performing on them, sexual activities.
National Working Group for Sexually Exploited Children and Young People (NWG) 2008
Child sexual exploitation can occur through the use of technology without the child’s immediate recognition; for example being persuaded to post sexual images on the Internet/mobile phones without immediate payment or gain.
In all cases, those exploiting the child/young person have power over them by virtue of their age, gender, intellect, physical strength and/or economic or other resources.
Violence, coercion and intimidation are common, involvement in exploitative relationships being characterised in the main by the child or young person’s limited availability of choice resulting from their social/economic and/or emotional vulnerability.
It should be a fundamental working assumption of all staff and managers that sexual activity between an adult and a child under the legal age of consent is non-consensual and unlawful
A young person under 18 years engaged in sexual activity with an adult will be treated primarily as the victim of abuse. Issues of coercion, intimidation or   manipulation should be considered thoroughly as part of any intervention.

4. Challenges facing professionals
Lack of awareness and insight from victims
Victims desire often to protect abuser
Isolated from others
Hostile to offers of support
Fear and shame
Multiple health and emotional issues
Family distress and failure to recognise the dynamic of grooming and manipulation and its impact of young people
Staying focused on the young person as a victim

5. Target, disrupt and prosecute the perpetrators of child sexual exploitation
Ensure action is taken to safeguard children and young people at risk of sexual exploitation
Reduce the likelihood of children and young people becoming victims of child sexual exploitation
Background to what was covered in the summit and some of the key messages from that – what have we been doing in the last two years or so
Three year strategy and action plan– , in the process of being refreshed – will focus on some of the developments arising from the strategy priority areas in the last few years
Strategy driven forward by a multi-agency steering group that includes probation, housing, police YOT, CSC, education and health

6. Reduce The Likelihood Of Young People Becoming Victims
Dedicated web page and resources
Launched posters and publicity mid-March aimed at young people to encourage them to seek help
Multi-agency Guidance for CSE
Reduce the likelihood:-
Developed local guidance and assessment tools that are accessible to workers across Bolton Framework for Action Continuum of need – accessed via the website
In partnership with Bolton at Home commissioned GW Theatre to deliver a drama about sexual exploitation and street grooming, aimed at year olds - to date delivered to xx young people in Bolton across 5 settings to date – impact – also secured funding from the Police and Crime commissioner to develop this into a sustainable resource for schools to use
Delivering training sessions and making training packs available to raise awareness of CSE amongst key groups – police response officers, housing providers, trading standards, licensing etc to identify early signs, judiciary, Crown Prosecution Service and indicators
Key Priority for Partner Agencies:-
Licensing -
Trading standards -
Housing Services – funds from homeless welfare to support young people to access some of the basics – shower gel, toothpaste, change of clothes etc
111 hits to the CSE webpage and 61 hits to ‘Exit’ on the move news blog – however we need to improve the use of the tools linked to the site such as the Risk Indicator Checklist, the Guidance, CSE Factsheet etc
Linking CSE with early help processes

7. Formed in 2009 as a partnership between Children’s Services and Health
Identified young people at risk of or involved in CSE- collected and collated intelligence- direct work and assessment with young people, training and victim support – positive work was undertaken directly with young people but the challenge of targeting and tackling perpetrators was not as effective as it could be – no police presence in the team directly impacted on efforts for ‘ joined up’ disruption and prosecution
Children’s Services Team Manager
1 Social Worker
3 Support Workers
Administrator
Role - Engagement, Outreach, Assistance
Greater Manchester Police
1 Detective Sergeant
3 Detective Constables
1 Intelligence Development Officer
Police Missing from Home Co-ordinator
Role - Enforcement, Investigation Disruption
Links and Access to Adolescent Nurse
From 2013 this landscape changed – the team developed to include a much stronger and direct police presence and this is leading to an improving picture of effective joint work that has benefitted from
All team co-located
Interview suite on site
Rooms for young people to speak to staff
Meeting rooms
Daily briefings – ALL STAFF
Weekly disruption activity Police/Children’s services staff- out of hours visits to victims, potential perpetrators, hotspots
Michael will talk in more detail about the impact on keeping young people safe as a result of this increased police resource and improved understanding of who is at risk, where and from whom.

8. How do we benefit from a dedicated team ?
Improved information on and disruption of :
Predatory adults
Bolton ‘hot spots’
Better partnership working : Licensing, Police, Voluntary Sector Housing, Community Safety, Health, Youth Services…
Rapid, coordinated response to intelligence
Shared culture of victim support and understanding of the dynamics of CSE.
Improved processes and systems

9. How do you tackle CSE?
Let me give you an example from the night crime log only this week:
Refer to Night Log entry from 06/06/14 fwin 2769
FWINS 534 AND 539 REFER TO MISSING FROM HOME REPORTS FOR FERRARI 17 yrs AND PORSCHE 17yrs.
THERE IS A COMPREHENSIVE UPDATE ON THE FWIN BUT IN SUMMARY :
FERRARI AND PORSCHE HAVE BEEN REPORTED MISSING FROM ONE OF THE LAC PRIVATE CARE HOMES IN BOLTON ON THE EVENING OF SATURDAY 5TH APRIL 2014.
THE STAFF HAVE RECEIVED A PHONE CALL FROM FERRARI IN THE EVENING OF SUNDAY 6TH APRIL 2014 STATING THAT THEY ARE BEING HELD IN AN ADDRESS AGAINST THEIR WILL.
FERRARI AND PORSCHE HAVE BEEN LOCATED A SHORT TIME LATER ON TURTON STREET. WHEN LOCATED BOTH GIRLS ARE EXTREMELY INTOXICATED.
PORSCHE LATER STATED THAT SHE COULD NOT REMEMBER ANYTHING THAT HAD OCCURED THE PREVIOUS EVENING.
HOWEVER FERRARI STATED THAT THEY HAD BEEN COLLECTED BY A TAXI WHICH HAD TAKEN THEM TO AN ADDRESS WITH FOUR ASIAN MALES WHO HAD LATER TAKEN THEM TO AN ADDRESS WITH TWO BLACK MALES.
HERE THEY HAD BEEN GIVEN ALCOHOL
ONE MALE HAD ASKED FERRARI TO GO IN TO ANOTHER ROOM WITH HIM WHICH SHE DID. SHE LAY ON A BED WITH THIS MALE BUT NOTHING OF A SEXUAL NATURE OCCURED.
AFTER SOME TIME SHE HAS GONE TO CHECK ON PORSCHE AND SAW THAT THE SECOND MALE WAS STOOD OVER PORSCHE, WHO WAS ASLEEP, AND THE MALE HAD HIS ERECT PENIS
EXPOSED AND WAS WEARING A CONDOM.
PORSCHE THEN WOKE UP AND THE MALE THEN LEFT THE ADDRESS.
FERRARI WOULD NOT PROVIDE NAMES AND WOULD NOT IDENTIFY THE ADDRESS THEY HAVE BEEN AT. FERRARI HAS REFUSED TO PROVIDE A STATEMENT OR ABE INTERVIEW.
FERRARI AND PORSCHE REFUSED TO PROVIDE THEIR CLOTHING FOR EXAMINATION.
How do you deal with that?
Next Slide Victim Offender Location triangle

10. How do you tackle CSE? Understanding the Problem
Victim
Location
Offender
WE have to understand and recognise what we are seeing
The co-located team have made massive strides to try and target these three areas,
Through close dialogue and repeat contact with victims to encourage cooperation and provide support.
To target offenders quite often for alternative criminal offences where we are falling short with the evidential standard for a direct CSE offence.
To target the identified hotspot areas through uniform patrols.
What have we learnt?
There is enough information now known to provide a reasonable understanding of typical grooming models, they all encompass the problem solving triangle, so, if you can eliminate just one of these factors you have at the very least disrupted the offence at that time.
The offender:
Next slide – Recognised Grooming Models

11. Recognised ‘Grooming’ Models
On Street – Older males invite into car, cigarettes, alcohol, drugs provided- known hotspots , Deane, Daubhill, Halliwell
Boyfriend - Young person groomed to believe older male boyfriend, therefore allegiances with the abuser
Party - Young people encouraged to bring friends to ‘chill’, older males invited
Internet / Mobile - Tel no's of young people ‘shared’, vulnerable young people contacted by Facebook
Lone Offender – Usually able to recognise and target vulnerable young people. Often go on to groom friends of original victim.
Group Offender - Often groom other young people to recruit, may initiate contact by on street grooming, via parks, taxi’s , take-aways, then taken to hotels - in Bolton, Manchester
We need to see and recognise CSE
On Street – particularly prevalent in Bolton in particular appears to be a common MO adopted by Asian males in the Deane, Daubhill and Halliwell area’s of Bolton.
Boyfriend – older boyfriends in particular –
Statistics and live victim accounts nationally refer to victims being picked up from school and back home by 5pm – how do you target and safeguard against that?
Those of you working in schools – what’s the gossip, who are the girls who have older boyfriends with cars picking them up at the school gate – we need to know – are they safe and well, are they being groomed. Is the relationship age appropriate.
Internet / Mobile I will come on to that shortly
Lone Offender – they are out there in Bolton, On Monday I attended MAPPA a clear example of someone fitting this description was discussed, known to be frequenting one of our hotspot areas, clinical assessment to report that the individual has an ability to identify vulnerability in people. High risk of future harm. – CSE angle only appreciated due to fact that MAPPA partners are now starting to be cross pollinated with representation from some partners who also sit on SEAM. – CSE disruption can provide an additional safeguarding tool for MAPPA with hotspot visits.
Victim,
Why do they get involved?
Ask the audience
We need to appreciate and understand what many of these victims have been through, there are factors in their life which are PUSHING them towards CSE and there are other factors in their life which are PULLING them towards CSE.
PUSHING:
Parental Issues
Relationships
Family Difficulties
Abuse from within the home
School dificulties
Bullying
Substance misuse
Homelesness
Low self esteem
PULLING:
Sense of belonging with peers
No conflict
No perceived rules – do what they want “chill”
Money / items of value – mobiles
Boyfriend
Excitement
Then next slide – Indicators to raise your concerns

12. Indicators to raise your Concern
Returning from MFH
Well kempt / no address
Truanting at risky address
Unknown / risky others
Calls / text from unknowns
Clothing unknown source
Older, sexual,
Collected / dropped off by unknown / risky adults
Friends of others
Known exploited
Seen in risky areas
Indicators to raise your Concern
New mobile phones
Goods unknown source
Some possible indicators of CSE Victims:
Appearance and Behaviour – Truancy, Evidence of drug/alcohol abuse, low self image. – again information held by the schools and education
Sexually risky behaviour - unexplained relationships with older people, inappropriate clothing, seen in areas of concern. Promiscuity.
Media - Inappropriate use of Internet. Phone calls. Text messages. Letters from unknown adults.
Financial – Having keys to other premises, expensive clothes, possession of large amounts of money with no plausible explanation.
Next Slide: - Online Grooming
Adults loitering
School / home
Older boyfriend / friends
Evidence of swopping
Intimacy for accom / goods
Other YP report risk

13. Technology & CSE
Massive growth of exploitation via social networking sites i.e. Facebook, Bebo…
‘Sexting ’involves teenagers ( and in some cases even younger children) sending sexually explicit pictures of themselves to boyfriends and or others, using a mobile phone.
Given the often short lived nature of teenage relationships, these pictures can be used against others by circulating or posting them on messaging sites sometimes accompanied by a telephone number.
This can be used as a form of bullying and clearly once pictures are in the web they remain around forever.
Recent research suggests that over a third of 11 to 18 year olds have received sexually explicit material on their phones. Not all of these pictures will have links to ‘sexting’ but some will.
Massive growth area, we are way behind:
From an investigation point of view:
Police – we are our own worst enemy when it comes to examination of computers – within GMP we have put in place a bureaucratic process that now means we are being given target dates of 8 months just to get a computer examined, that’s 8 months that an offender is on Police bail, and potentially a risk that we need to continue visiting and monitoring.
Why, because we are allowing policy and procedures to be written by staff not entirely clear on the judicial process and believing that the gold standard has to be applied to all cases – ‘just in case’.
Great if we had the resilience to do that – but in short we don’t.
The simple answer is to adopt what is done on the Region, where they are not beholden to the policies of one particular Force and have been able to cut through a lot of overzealous procedures, being pushed out as best practice because someone somewhere didn’t follow the basics and had a tough time at Court.
On the Region – we train a few staff to copy harddrives to ensure the integrity is maintained, this only needs simple commercial software available for several hundred pounds. Once the copy disk is produced the case officer can interrogate the folders within the computer and produce an evidential statement together with prints detailing the relevant content of the computer.
In most cases this evidence is not actually contested, because it is printed off and there for all to see.
ONLY in the event that a defence statement challenges the content of the material would there be a requirement to have an ‘expert’ undertake the task.
Consequence – Massive financial saving and more important safeguarding enabled much faster.
Moving on –Disruption activity – next slide Hotspot location in Bolton

14. How Can You Assist? Identification of potential offenders
Identification of HOT SPOT Areas
Identification of potential offenders
Identification of potential victims
General Intelligence around known Hot Spots / Offenders / Victims.
Taking positive action, inform the Phoenix-Exit Team.
Becoming understanding and approachable
Believing our victims
Don’t make assumptions – Clarify – Ask Questions, believe no-one!
Ask the audience
Finally – How can you assist – I put some of the ideas together but there may be others I welcome your ideas
Thank you for listening.
I do weddings, Bar mitzvah's and christenings if you want to make an advance booking.

15. Themes from Child Sexual Exploitation Reviews
LEARNING FROM OTHERS
Themes from Child Sexual Exploitation Reviews

16. Victim views
Power of the perpetrator- All the victims described in detail the control the perpetrators had over every element of their lives including the threat and use of violence – reason a number did not tell parents or engage with services earlier. They were told they had committed the crime
Isolation- feeling trapped, felt when they did tell nothing changed and the abuse continued

17. Risk factors
ALL the children in the reviews displayed some of the known risk factors
Abuse of drugs and alcohol
Missing from home
Disengaged from education
Sexual health concerns
Challenging or offending behaviour

18. Key issues
Many young people were engaged in what they considered CONSENSUAL sexual activity despite the fact that many DID not want sex with perpetrators but coerced into sexual activity
16 and 17 year olds were often viewed as being more in control of their own choices and not in need of safeguarding responses
Professionals readily reassured by parents of ability to keep their children safe. Despite the risk being posed outside of the family and parents frequently unaware of or unable to prevent what was happening

19. Key Issues
Lack of understanding of CSE risk factors from most agencies
CSE not a priority for LSCB
Over-reliance on ‘ champions’ or specialist projects
Focus on single or ‘problematic’ behaviours of the young person .i.e. sexual health, challenging behaviour, drugs/alcohol
Sharing of information poor- not joined up

20. Key issues cont’d Focus on young children following death of Baby P
high workloads and difficult work environment
lack of challenge by managers in relation to assessments
lack of staff training on CSE
A view that extra familial sexual abuse was primarily the role of the police

21. Identifying and assessing child sexual exploitation
Children in families without detailed assessment are four times more likely to suffer repeat abuse.
Practitioners must be aware of the warning signs and risk indicators of sexual exploitation and grooming Consideration of CSE when professionals aware of underage sexual activity.
Early and comprehensive assessment should be carried out. so that assessment is not task focussed so that individual incidents are addressed,, but the bigger picture of child sexual exploitation is missed.
Draw on knowledge from different agencies so that a complete picture can be established in cases where sexual exploitation is suspected.
Assessment of CSE must also include issues of 'capacity to consent’
Awareness that there is no one model of young people who are sexually exploited and one method of coercion.
capacity to consent to take in grooming processes and coercion experienced by victims

22. Identifying and dealing with perpetrators
Disclosure of underage sexual activity or sexual exploitation needs to be taken seriously and dealt with as a crime. Actions taken following disclosure should not depend on the victim's willingness to act as a witness in a criminal trial.
Perpetrators need to be identified quickly and a case built against them by the police. They need to be prosecuted so that victims can feel safe, have trust in the authorities and feel confident that agencies can protect them.
To reduce future exploitation, victim profiles should be compiled and collated. This information can be used to identify local 'hotspot' locations or methods that are used to target potential victims.

23. Interventions
Early help services of paramount importance- to divert young people from CSE
Services need to embed a child-centred approach where children at risk of exploitation
Practitioners need perseverance and patience
Practitioners need to balance the young person's rights with the need to protect
are viewed as vulnerable children in need of protection. Victims of sexual exploitation may need on-going support to ensure they are protected from further exploitation in the future.
right to make their own decisions and assess their own risk, with the need to protect the young person from exploitation. If Young People unaware or doesn't accept that they are at risk, or when risks to the young person's safety arise from their own behaviour and the decisions they make, professionals still need to intervene to prevent exploitation

24. Stopping Perpetrators and Securing Justice for CSE Victims and Families Tom Duffin www.paceuk.info

25. “Child Sexual Exploitation” - >
“Stopping Perpetrators”
Prevent / Protect / Prosecute
“Securing Justice” (moral rightness and fairness)
Doing the right thing
Listening / hearing / learning
Beyond a good outcome at court
“Victims and their families”
Focus on child
Where do you join the journey?
Recognise parents as valuable partners

26. Background

28. National Parent Telephone Support
Co-located Parent Support Workers
Volunteer befriending scheme
Parent networking days
Bespoke training for practitioners
Influence national and local policy

29. Lack of Info / Advice / Support Impact on family
Actions of perpetrator
Agency responses
Grooming models

30. Partnership
Parents

31. This distinguishes it from interfamiial abuse and therefore a different approach to tackling it needs to be taken.
CSE crosses all boundaries, all cultures and backgrounds.

32. police officer University Professor Head Teacher social worker
Businessman
NHS senior manager
social worker
Nurse
youth worker
Counsellor
Health Visitor
Health
Visitor
Consultant Neuro-Surgeon
Detective Inspector

33. Why involve Parents? Primary safeguarding role Expert knowledge
Evidence / Intelligence
Long term health & wellbeing

35. tHE VOICE OF THE CHILD
What Victims Tell us

36. Why children don’t tell
No perception of abuse
Loyalty to perpetrator
Denial
Sense of obligation
Fear and shame

37. Grooming -Setting the trap
‘ actions deliberately aimed at establishing an emotional connection and trust with a child or young person in order to increase the likelihood of them engaging in sexual behaviour or exploitation…may also include threats or bribes, which persuade the child/young person that it would be impossible to ask for help ‘
NSPCC- Caught in a trap the impact of grooming 2012

38. Surviving trauma
In order to survive traumatic experiences. Behaviour which appears contradictory and difficult to understand may be exhibited by victims. This phenomenon can be result in the victim experiencing positive feelings toward the victimizer, negative feelings toward potential rescuers, and an inability to engage in behaviours that will assist in detachment or release.
Other common responses include victimization, self injurious and self harming behaviours and externalizing the trauma by victimizing others.
Lodrick 2007

39. It’s Really Exciting He Will Come And Get Me
‘I Thought It Was Normal. I Thought I Was Having Fun. They Opened My Eyes To What Was
Happening.’
Putting Me Into Foster Care Is A Big Thanks Because If I Was Living In Bolton Now I Would Be Dead Now Or Something Bad Would Have Happened. I’ve Been Given The Chance To Sort My Head Out, So I’m Dead Happy Now.
’I regret not listening to you all these years but I’ve realised and I’ve had to learn the hard way ‘
I do not know how I would have got through the past two years without your help even though my daughter does not always understand you are all working in her best interests
It’s Really Exciting
they got to know us. Built that relationship and um… obviously when we felt
we could trust them, we bring it out and told them what is going on. It’s better than the
fact that “Oh. I just met you. Tell me what is going on”. It was building that relationship that
was nice
He Will Come And Get Me

40. Moving Forward To be confident in our response to CSE we
Continue to contribute to AGMA Phoenix developments
Continue to learn from national and local data
Evidence improved use of disruption and targeting of specific areas/individuals in Bolton
Have close planning between criminal, child protection, community cohesion professionals
To be confident in our response to CSE we
contribute to AGMA Phoenix developments
learn from national and local data - recent Media profile of CSE led to manager workshops and updated ppd
have improved our use of disruption and targeting of specific areas in Bolton
have close planning between criminal, child protection, community cohesion professionals
We need to :
launch the updated M/A ppd with agreed thresholds and improved response to CSE
be Inspection ready as CSE is key line of enquiry
evidence outcomes at local and individual level

41. Moving Forward We need to : Make sure we use the updated CSE Guidance
Inspection ready as CSE is key line of enquiry
Evidence effectiveness and impact at local and individual level
Make sure CSE is EVERYONE’S BUSINESS
All agencies:
Know about CSE and how to recognise it within their area of expertise
work with agreed thresholds to improve our response to CSE – from early help to protection – use the resources available if you think
what did the inspection say about CSE in Bolton:-
we need all elements of the community and partnerships to be aware; we need young people to be aware of the issue and know when and how to get help and for that help to be available – from the right person at the right time – we need
We recommend that the Government should make, and continue to make, clear statements from the highest level to reinforce
the expectation that where it is in order to protect a child, professionals must share
information.
We recommend that the Government gives chairs of Local Safeguarding Children Boards the power to require local agencies to provide them with information, mirroring the power of the Children’s Commissioner for England, in order to aid local strategic work on tackling CSE and trafficking within the UK. This would also support the development of ‘problem profiles’ or ‘problem mapping’, as recommended by the Office of the Children's Commissioner for England.
Making sure that adults know the signs of child sexual exploitation and that they understand how to report concerns is vitally important to protecting vulnerable children. Barnardo’s has produced a range of ‘spot the signs’ leaflets targeted at different groups, including children and young people, parents/carers, professionals and those in the service sector.
We recommend that Local Safeguarding Children Boards include prevention and awareness-raising within their strategies and hold agencies to account for the activity they are undertaking in respect of this, including the dissemination of concise information to frontline workers and the wider public.
What works
reducing the number of times a young person goes missing
disrupting and prosecuting abusers
reduce conflict and improve relationships with parents and carers
having dedicated services
access to safe, stable accommodation
have clear processes and systems
sharing information in a multi-agency setting around exploitative individuals
improve the ability of YP to recognise risky and exploitative relationships
increase a young person’s awareness of their own rights

42. THANK YOU