1. Flight Instructor Seminars August 2007
AERODROMES 101
Flight Instructor Seminars
August 2007

2. EVEN THE BEST PILOTS SOONER OR LATER HAVE TO COME BACK TO EARTH AND LAND THE AIRCRAFT!

3. SOME TIMES WELL!

4. SOME TIMES NOT WELL!

5. EVEN ON THE GROUND THERE ARE PROBLEMS!!

6. The Dark Art of Aerodromology

9. Use of aerodromes
Rule
Places a requirement on the pilot to ensure that the aerodrome is suitable for the purpose of take off and landing.
Requirements are also in Part 121, 125 and 135 for air operations.
Part 139 also has Use of Aerodrome requirements.

10. Certificated Aerodromes
25 Part 139 Certificated Aerodromes
7 designated International Aerodromes
Certification requires an Exposition
Audited on an annual basis
130 Non-Certificated Aerodromes
Inspected on a three yearly basis
Includes Heliports

11. CAA & Aerodromes Part 139 aerodrome certification
Required when regular air transport operations of aeroplanes with more than 30 passenger seats.
Part 139 Advisory Circulars
Aerodrome standards for certificated aerodromes
Guidance on design standards for non-certificated aerodromes

12. So how does a Pilot know the Aerodrome is suitable?

13. AIPNZ – Volume 4 Data Aeronautical Information Publication Volume 4
Replaced the Visual Flight Guide
Includes Operational Data for:
Certificated aerodromes (Inc Heliports)
Non-certificated aerodromes available for use

14. What does this mean?

15. And This?

16. Another Example

17. Declared Distances TORA – Take-off run available
The length of the runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off.
TODA – Take-off distance available
The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if provided.
ASDA – Accelerate stop distance available
Length of the take-off run available plus stopway.
LDA – Landing Distance Available
The length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing.

18. Location of Threshold Landing Threshold. Displaced Landing Threshold
At the extremity of a runway if there are no obstacles.
The approach surface is an inclined plane that rises upwards and outwards.
Displaced Landing Threshold
If an object is in the approach surface and the object cannot be removed, the landing threshold will need to be displaced.

19. Defined Areas
Clearway – An area which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height.
Stopway – Area on the ground in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off. A stopway must be included within the strip.
Runway End Safety Area – An area intended to reduce the risk of damage to an aeroplane undershooting or over-running the runway.
Starter Extension – Area available for the initial ground roll of an aircraft which does not meet the mandatory runway or strip width.

23. Obstacle Clear Gradient
Effective Operational Lengths
Take-Off Distance Available (TODA) related to the obstacle free gradient.
No obstacles located within the take-off climb surface then the EOL’s normally equal the TODA.
Where an obstacle is located within the take-off climb surface, the EOL’s will be equal to the distance available from the start of the take-off roll that allows for the gradients to remain clear of that obstacle.

24. Take off distance gradients
There are four types of take off distance data used:
1:20 (5%) – Day VFR Code 1 and 2
1:40 (2.5%) – Instrument runway or night operations by aircraft 5700 kg or less
1:50 – Precision Approach
1:62.5 (1.6%) – Multi Engine – One Engine Out

25. Gradients

26. Effective Operational Lengths TODA related to obstacle clear gradient
1:20
1:40
1:50
1:62.5 03
2060
1860
1560
1185 21

27.
Aerodromes – Helpful Information
Advisory Circular AC139-6 and AC139-7