2. Objectives Overview
Explain why computer literacy is vital to success in today’s world
Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information
Describe the five components of a computer
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages that users experience when working with computers
Define the term, network, and identify benefits of sharing resources on a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web
Discuss the special information requirements of an enterprise-sized corporation
Identify information systems and software used in the functional units of an enterprise
Describe and list general purpose and integrated information systems used throughout an enterprise
See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

3. Objectives Overview
Distinguish between system software and application software
Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category
Describe the role of each element in an information system
Explain how home users, small office/home office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users each interact with computers
Discuss how society uses computers in education, finance, government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing
See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

4. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
A World of Computers
Computers are everywhere
Pages 4 - 5
Figure 1-1
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

5. What Is Enterprise Computing?
Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols, and network architectures
Pages 720 – 721
Figure 14-1
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

6. What Is Enterprise Computing?
Types of enterprises include:
Retail
Manufacturing
Service
Wholesale
Government
Educational
Transportation
Page 722
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

7. What Is Enterprise Computing?
Most traditional enterprises are organized in a hierarchical manner
Pages 722 – 723
Figure 14-2
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

8. What Is Enterprise Computing?
In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of four categories:
Executive Management
Middle Management
Operational Management
Nonmanagement Employees
Page 724
Figure 14-3
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

9. What Is Enterprise Computing?
Enterprise information is the information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized organization
Business intelligence
Business process management
Business process automation
Pages
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

10. What Is Enterprise Computing?
Managers coordinate resources by performing four activities
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Page 725
Figure 14-4
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

11. Information Systems in the Enterprise
An information system is a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information
Page 726
Figure 14-5
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

12. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Functional units within an enterprise might include:
Enterprise
Accounting and Finance
Human Resources
Engineering or Product Development
Manufacturing
Marketing
Sales
Distribution
Customer Service
Information Technology
Page 727
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

13. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Accounting software manages everyday transactions
Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases with customer payments
Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and analyze
Pages 726 – 728
Figure 14-7
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

14. Information Systems in the Enterprise
A human resources information system (HRIS) manages one or more human resources functions
Employee relationship management systems manage communication between employees and the business
Page 728
Figure 14-8
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

15. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and design
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs
Pages 728 – 729
Figure 14-9
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

16. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computers to control production equipment
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to integrate the many different operations of the manufacturing process
Page 729
Figure 14-10
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

17. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) uses software to help monitor and control processes related to production
Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) is an extension of MRP and also includes software that helps in scheduling
Pages
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

18. Information Systems in the Enterprise
A quality control system helps an organization maintain or improve the quality of its products or services
A marketing information system serves as a central repository for the tasks of a marketing department
Page 730
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

19. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Sales force automation (SFA) software equips traveling salespeople with the electronic tools they need to be more productive
Pages 730 – 731
Figure 14-12
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

20. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Distribution systems perform the following functions:
Provide forecasting for inventory control
Manage and track shipping of products
Provide information and analysis on inventory in a warehouse
Page 731
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

21. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Customer interaction management (CIM) software manages the day-to-day interactions with customers
Page 731
Figure 14-13
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

22. Information Systems in the Enterprise
The information technology (IT) department makes technology decisions for the enterprise
Whether to build or buy new information systems
When a computer or information system has outlived its useful life
Web site management programs collect data designed to help organizations make informed decisions regarding their Web presence
Page 732
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

23. Information Systems in the Enterprise
General purpose information systems generally fall into one of five categories
Office Information System
Transaction Processing System
Management Information System
Decision Support System
Expert System
Page 732
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

24. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Batch processing vs. online transaction processing
Page 733
Figure 14-14
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

25. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Management Information System
Decision Support System
Pages 734 – 735
Figures – 14-16
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

26. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Page 736
Figure 14-17
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

27. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Integrated Information Systems
Customer relationship management manages information about customers, interactions with customers, past purchases, and interests
Enterprise resource planning provides centralized, integrated software to help manage and coordinate ongoing activities
Content management systems are information systems that combine databases, software, and procedures
Pages
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

28. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Page 738
Figure 14-18
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

29. Information Systems in the Enterprise
Page 739
Figure 14-19
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

30. Information Processing Cycle
What Is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Collects data (input)
Processing
Produces information (output)
Information Processing Cycle
Page 6
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

31. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
What Is a Computer?
Page 6
Figure 1-2
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

32. The Components of a Computer
A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware
Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Input Device
Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
Output Device
Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
System Unit
Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media
Storage Device
Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
Communications Device
Pages 6 - 8
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

33. The Components of a Computer
Page 7
Figure 1-3
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

34. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
Health Risks
Violation of Privacy
Public Safety
Impact on Labor Force
Impact on Environment
Pages
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

35. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer
Strategies include:
Recycling
Regulating manufacturing processes
Extending the life of computers
Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
Page 10
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

36. Networks and the Internet
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media
Pages
Figure 1-6
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

37. Networks and the Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Page 11
Figure 1-7
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

38. Networks and the Internet
People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
Communicate
Research and Access Information
Shop
Bank and Invest
Online Trading
Entertainment
Download Videos
Share Information
Web Application
Pages
Figure 1-8
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

39. Networks and the Internet
A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users
Page 14
Figure 1-9
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

40. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Computer Software
Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
System Software
Operating system
Utility program
Application Software
Pages
Figures
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

41. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Computer Software
Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware
Pages
Figure 1-12
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

42. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Computer Software
A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information
Page 18
Figure 1-13
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

43. Categories of Computers
Embedded computers
Supercomputers
Mainframes
Servers
Game consoles
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Personal computers
Page 19
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

44. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Personal Computers
A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself
Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple
Desktop computer
Pages
Figures
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

45. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Personal computer you can carry from place to place
Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs
Mobile Computer
Computing device small enough to hold in your hand
Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e-book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras
Mobile Device
Pages
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

46. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Notebook computer
Tablet PC
Smart phones and PDAs
E-book reader
Pages
Figures 1-17 – 1-20
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

47. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Handheld computer
Portable media player
Digital camera
Pages
Figures 1-21 – 1-23
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

48. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Game Consoles
A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
Page 24
Figure 1-24
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

49. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Servers
A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network
Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
Page 25
Figure 1-25
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

50. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Mainframes
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
Page 25
Figure 1-26
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

51. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Supercomputers
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer
Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second
Page 25
Figure 1-27
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

52. Embedded Computers
An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
Consumer Electronics
Mobile and digital telephones
Digital televisions
Cameras
Video recorders
DVD players and recorders
Answering machines
Home Automation Devices
Thermostats
Sprinkling systems
Security monitoring systems
Appliances
Lights
Automobiles
Antilock brakes
Engine control modules
Airbag controller
Cruise control
Process Controllers and Robotics
Remote monitoring systems
Power monitors
Machine controllers
Medical devices
Computer Devices and Office Machines
Keyboards
Printers
Faxes
Copiers
Page 26
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

53. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Embedded Computers
Page 26
Figure 1-28
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

54. Elements of an Information System
Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures
Page 27
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

55. Elements of an Information System
Page 27
Figure 1-29
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

56. Examples of Computer Usage
Home User
Personal financial management
Web access
Communications
Entertainment
Small Office/Home Office User
Look up information
Send and receive messages
Make telephone calls
Mobile User
Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet
Transfer information
Play video games
Listen to music
Watch movies
Pages 28 – 31
Figures 1-30 – 1-32
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

57. Examples of Computer Usage
Power User
Work with multimedia
Use industry-specific software
Enterprise User
Communicate among employees
Process high volumes of transactions
Blog
Pages 31 – 32
Figures 1-33 – 1-34
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

58. Computer Applications in Society
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages
Figures 1-36 – 1-39
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

59. Computer Applications in Society
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Pages
Figures 1-40 – 1-43
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

60. Video: Computer History in a Barn
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

61. Summary
Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized organization
Various types of users within an organization
Large information systems
Page 39
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

62. Summary Basic computer concepts Components of a computer
Networks, the Internet, and computer software
Many different categories of computers, computer users, and computer applications in society
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

63. Chapter 1 Complete