1. NIST Community Resilience Program
Society of American Military Engineers, Washington, DC Post
August 21, 2014
Stephen A. Cauffman
Lead, Disaster Resilience
Materials and Structural Systems Division
Engineering Laboratory

2. What is the Problem?
Natural and man-made disasters cause an estimated $57B in average annual costs.
Superstorm Sandy caused over $65B in losses.
Large single events can cause losses exceeding $100B.
Current approach of response and rebuilding is impractical and inefficient for dealing with natural disasters.
Planning does not account for interconnected nature of buildings and infrastructure, nor for the affect on social institutions.
Changing nature of hazards is not always considered.

3. What is Disaster Resilience?
The term "resilience" means the ability to prepare for and adapt to changing conditions and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions*
In the context of community resilience, the emphasis is not solely on mitigating risk, but implementing measures to ensure that the community recovers to normal, or near normal function, in a reasonable timeframe.
*As defined in Presidential Policy Directive 21.

4. Community Needs Drive Functional Requirements for Buildings and Infrastructure
Transportation
Energy
Government
Citizens
Functional
Requirements
Communications
Structures
Business
Industry
Water

5. Community Resilience for the Built Environment
Natural hazards
Manmade hazards
Degradation
Climate change
Performance Goals
Mitigation
Response
Recovery

6. NIST Community Resilience Program
NIST is:
Convening the highly diverse stakeholder interests to:
Develop the first version of a comprehensive Disaster Resilience Framework for achieving community resilience that considers the interdependence of the community's physical and human assets, operations, and policies/regulations
Establish a Disaster Resilience Standards Panel to further develop the Disaster Resilience Framework (version 2.0) and,
Develop Model Resilience Guidelines for critical buildings and infrastructure systems essential to community resilience based on model standards, codes, and best practices
It is envisioned that the Disaster Resilience Standards Panel will update the framework and guidance on a regular basis and recommend improvements that enhance resilience to standards and codes.
The Disaster Resilience Framework Version 1.0, formation of the Disaster Resilience Standards Panel, and Model Resilience Guidelines are called out in the President’s Climate Action Plan

7. Stakeholder Engagement is Critical
Stakeholders include, but are not limited to:
Codes and standards organizations
State, local, and regional officials
Insurance/re-insurance industry
Architects
Engineers
Utility operators
Urban planners
Industry
Emergency managers
Relief organizations
Regulators
Academia

8. Federal Stakeholders
Federal stakeholders include, but are not limited to:
Executive Office of the President (National Security Staff, OSTP, NSTC)
Department of Homeland Security
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense
Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Department of Energy
Department of Health and Human Services
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Transportation
U.S. Geological Survey
National Science Foundation

9. Disaster Resilience Framework 1.0
The Disaster Resilience Framework 1.0 will focus on the role that buildings and infrastructure lifelines play in ensuring community resilience.
The Framework will:
Establish types of performance goals and ways to express them
Identify existing standards, codes, and best practices that address resilience
Identify gaps that must be addressed to enhance resilience
Capture regional differences in perspectives on resilience
The Disaster Resilience Framework will be informed through a series of stakeholder workshops.

10. Disaster Resilience Standards Panel
The DRSP will represent the broad interests of the stakeholder community.
The DRSP will be:
open to all interested participants
a self-governing entity
The DRSP will lead development of:
Disaster Resilience Framework 2.0
Model Resilience Guidelines

11. Workshop Plan
First workshop held April 7, 2014 and served to kick off the development of the Disaster Resilience Framework
The second workshop was held in Hoboken, NJ on July Breakout sessions focused on six chapters of the Framework.
The next two workshops will feature working sessions to develop the Disaster Resilience Framework and lay the groundwork to establish the Disaster Resilience Standards Panel
The April 2015 workshop will be organized around the release for public comment of the draft Disaster Resilience Framework and the formal establishment of the Disaster Resilience Standards Panel
Participation in the workshops is open to all interested stakeholders

12. Framework Development Process
July 2014 Workshop
25% Draft
October 2014 Workshop
50% Draft
January 2015 Workshop
75% Draft
April 2015 Workshop
Release Draft for Public Comment
Disaster Resilience Framework Version 1.0

13. Disaster Resilience Fellows
The Disaster Resilience Fellows Program will augment expertise currently existing on the NIST team in the following areas:
State and local governance
Urban planning
Lifeline sectors (electric power, water/wastewater, transportation, communications)
Insurance/Re-insurance
Emergency planning and response
Sociology of disasters
Economic resilience
Business continuity
First year of program will support the development of the Disaster Resilience Framework
Second year will support research component of the program

14. Community Resilience R&D Community Resilience Assessment
Develop first-generation tools to assess resilience at the community scale.
Identify the systems (physical and social), attributes, and interdependencies that must be considered.
Conduct pilot studies using the first-generation tool to inform development of community resilience models, identify gaps, and inform the development of a second-generation methodology.

15. Community Resilience R&D Economic Analysis Tools
Develop a first-generation economic analysis tools to facilitate cost-effective resource allocations that minimize the economic burden of disasters on communities.
Develop draft standard practices and submit to ASTM.
Economic Analysis tools, combined with the Resilience Assessment tools, will provide decision makers at the community/regional level a means to evaluate alternate investment decisions.

16. Community Resilience R&D Systems Modeling
Develop systems-based methods and models for assessing community resilience to provide the science basis for community resilience assessment and decision-support methodologies.
Include the interdependencies among buildings, infrastructure, and the social systems that they support.
Develop a conceptual model to explain long- term disaster recovery decisions by the public.

17. Disaster Resilience Center of Excellence
Enable collaborations between NIST and Leading Research Institutes in areas of emerging technology important for NIST.
Provide new opportunities for training of students and postdocs in measurement science.
Enhance technical innovation through early alignment of measurement science with emerging and innovative new fields of research

18. Disaster Resilience Center of Excellence
$4M/year program to be funded through a cooperative agreement.
Objectives are to:
Develop an integrated, multi-scale, computational modeling environment to accelerate development of systems-level models to enable new standards and tools for enhancing Community Resilience
Foster the development of data architectures and data management tools to enable disaster resilience planning for emergency and decision-making officials, code and standards professionals, engineering design experts, and researchers.
Conduct studies to validate resilience data architectures, data management tools, and models for a variety of hazard events including:
Tornado, hurricane, earthquake, flood, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Effects of climate change, and effects of aging infrastructure
Federal Funding Opportunity closes 12 September 2014.

19. NIST Contacts
Mr. Stephen Cauffman Engineering Laboratory Lead for Disaster Resilience Phone: Website: General