1. LFA Logical Framework Approach
Goal Oriented Project Planning
Kari Örtengren
Project Design AB
Sweden

2. Project Success How? Engagement Ownership clearly defined
Clear division of responsibilities
Realism!! (purpose)
Connection Activities – Objectives
Capacity to handle risks
Flexibility
Beneficiaries engaged in project planning
…..LFA is a useful tool to reach success!

3. LFA Characteristics Finding the “roots” before setting the objectives
Objectives & beneficiary oriented
Participatory/Ownership!
Consensus oriented
Focus on logical links
Systematic common sense!!!

4. Why LFA? RELEVANCE, FEASIBILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
Situation and weaknesses are analysed correct solutions (activities)
Mistakes are avoided
Facilitates implementation
Identifies indicators of the projects achievements

5. The nine steps of an LFA analysis
1 Analysis of project´s Context
2 Analysis of Stakeholders
3 Problem Analysis/Situation Analysis
4 Objectives Analysis
5 Plan of Activities
6 Plan of Resources/Inputs
7 Indicators/measurements
8 Risk Analysis
9 Analysis of Assumptions

6. Step 1: Projects Context
Changes/projects are part of a larger context/a situation
Which environment will the project be situated in?
Which factors are of importance for achieving the objectives?
Analysis of Context made through a study and/or through making a “SWOT” analysis

7. SWOT analysis* Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
A tool for auditing /identifying e.g. an environment, agency,company etc:
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
*Not LFA , SWOT is a separate method, which may be used for the analysis of the project’s Context

8. Step 2: Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders - those who are influenced by and exert an influence on the project entity
Mapping of stakeholders and their respective roles
Who will be influenced, positively or negatively, by the project
Which stakeholders should be involved in planning and/or implementing the project

9. Step 2 Stakeholder Analysis
Four main groups of stakeholders:
Beneficiaries
Implementers
Financing agents
Decision makers

10. PROBLEMANALYSIS CRUCIAL!
As with weeds, the roots must be tackled, if the weeds are to disappear

11. Step 3: Problem Analysis
Finding “the roots of the evil”
Which is the problem to be solved?
Who owns the problem?
One focal problem, focus!
Find the causes and effects to the focal problem
The causes of the problem shall be “tackled” through activities within the framework of the project in order to solve the problem in a sustainable way

12. Why a Problem Tree? Problem Tree Effects Focal problem Causes
Objective Tree
Overall objectives
Project Purpose
Results

13. Step 4: Objectives Analysis Three levels
1 Overall Objectives/Development Objectives: Often Governmental level, long term perspective, i e social welfare, economic growth.The positive situation of the effects of the focal problem identified. Time frame: Long term, 5-10 years (e.g Living conditions of local people improved or Investments into agricultural export crops increased )
2 Project objectives or Project Purpose: Which are the objectives that the intervention/project should be able to achieve. The positive solution to the focal problem, the solved focal problem. The reason why the project.is implemented. Time frame:Medium term 0-3 years (e.g River water quality improved or Road network meets traffic demands) .
3 Outputs/Targets/Results: The outputs/results describe the services to be produced by the project. What services do the beneficiary get access to? Connected to the causes of the focal problem identified. Achieved through the activities. Time frame: Short term/directly after the project activities have been implemented (e.g. Direct discharge of wastewater decreased or road network expanded) .

14. LFA Overall Objectives Step 4
Long-term social and or economic benefits, to which the project will contribute
Not achieved by the project on its own, several projects contribute
States the positive state for the beneficiaries and for the society
Examples;
- Improved social well fare
- Economic growth in region X - Food supply stabilised

15. LFA Project Purpose, Step 4
The main reason for having a project ! WHY a project
Connection to the “focal” problem
Sets out the benefits, which the beneficiaries derive from the project
Implementing agencies should enable for the beneficiaries to achieve the benefits by delivering the required services/results
Examples;
- Improved labour productivity for crop X achieved..,
- Health hazards (for certain diseases) of the population in area X reduced to a certain standard - River water quality improved etc...

16. LFA Results Step 4 Connected to the causes of the focal problem
Sets out the services which the beneficiaries will receive from the implementing agency through the project
Examples;
- Farmers able to apply more efficient maize production techniques,
- Adequate mother and child care provided to the people in region X,
- Improved transport between A and B

17. Specific Measurable Accurate or Approved Realistic Time bound
SMART project purpose
Specific
Measurable
Accurate or Approved
Realistic
Time bound

18. Step 5: Activities Tackle the causes of the focal problem
What will be done under the project to deliver the services/results required by the beneficiaries
Usually expressed as an action
Means to achieve the objectives, not the objectives
Examples;
- Rehabilitate health posts, - Train rural health staff, - Re-construct road from A to B

19. Step 6: Inputs/Resources
Experts and personnel (local and foreign, counter part, project group)
Financing (loans, grants, funds) cost sharing? Future long term financing?
Equipment
Premises

20. Step 7: Indicators Measure achievements
A baseline study might be needed to be able to measure the final results?
The process of setting up indicators shows if the objectives are vague
Indicators should answer the questions:
For whom? What? When? Where? How much? What quality?

21. Step 8: Risk Analysis
Analysis of factors which may influence the implementation of the project and hence the achievement of objectives
Internal and External risks
Alternative strategies may be needed?
Risk management !!!

22. Step 9: Analysis of Assumptions
The project in the perspective of society/ institutional situation in a country (laws, political commitments, financing)
Assumptions describe situations and conditions, which are necessary for project success, but which are largely beyond the control of the project management
Assumptions on each level of objective (results, project purpose and overall objectives)
Examples: Delivery in time of equipment, at least five of the trained personnel stays within the company for 5 more years, prevailed stable political situation

23. Why different steps in LFA?
Relevance; Step 1 – Context, Stakeholder-, Problem- and Objectives analysis. Logical links between problems and solutions, Relevant to support? (in accordance with strategies and problems in the country/sector?)
Feasible; Step 5 – Plan of Activities, Resources/inputs and Indicators. Are the resources sufficient to achieve the objectives? (Resources: Personnel, time, funding, equipment)
Sustainable; Step 8 – Risk analysis and Assumptions. If the project is sustainable, will the effects of the project remain without continuos external assistance outside?

24. Internet information on LFA
framework approach

25. LFA matrix/Log Frame

26. LFA summary
Relevant, Feasible and Sustainable projects/programs - success!
Participation & ownership!
Joint approach to project
Make problem analysis with accuracy /time to correctly analyze causes & effects
Connection problems and objectives
Add analysis such as cost effectiveness and gender, study on environmental aspects and make a clear division of responsibilities
LFA during all phases of the project

27. How the LFA method works depends on its users
LFA is no better and no worse than its users

28. Why GOPP (LFA) workshop ?
Relevant, feasible and sustainable projects.
To overcome major errors in planning structure!
All key stakeholders participation & efficiency, correct situation analysis correct solutions (activities)
Shared understanding of the situation and of different needs and interest - transparency !
Ownership and responsibility

29. LFA STEPS in a workshop STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS PROBLEM ANALYSIS
OBJECTIVES ANALYSIS
PLAN of ACTIVITIES (overall “brainstorming” ideas)
RISK ANALYSIS
ASSUMPTIONS LOG FRAME/MATRIX
LFA/GOPP WORKSHOP answers WHAT TO DO, not HOW. The detailed planning is made later by the project group