1. What is an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers? a. food web b. an ecosystem c. food chain d. a population

2. Grasshopper and Scorpion
Which of the following organisms have the greatest amount of stored energy in the food web?
Hawk and Coyote
Grass and Cactus
Roadrunner and Rabbit
Grasshopper and Scorpion

3. Which foods are derived from organisms that occupy the level that contains the greatest amount of energy in an energy pyramid?
a. bread and tomatoes
b. shrimp and rice
c. hamburger and French fries
d. chicken and lettuce

4. Two of the primary consumers in the food web are
coyote, rattlesnake, and hawk.
grass and cactus.
rabbit and grasshopper.
rabbit, grasshopper, and scorpion

5. Two of the secondary consumers in the desert environment are
coyote and rattlesnake
grass and cactus.
rabbit and grasshopper.
hawk and coyote.

6. Identify an organism’s need that is met by an abiotic factor.
A wolf’s need for warmth; fur coat
A fish’s need for food; water
A lizard’s need for warmth; sun
A rabbit’s need for food; grass

7. Which statement illustrates a biotic factor interacting with an abiotic factor?
A sea turtle transporting a pilot fish to a source of food.
A rock moving during an earthquake.
A plant absorbs sunlight, which is used for photosynthesis.
Wind cause waves to form on a lake.

8. The ecological resource consumption practices of the average citizen of the United States A. is less than all other parts of the world. B. is balanced by recycling plastic items. C. is greater than most countries in the world. D. contributes to sustainable living practices.

9. If the owl is removed from the food web, what will most likely be the result and why?
The hawk population will increase because there will be less competition within their niche in this environment.
The sparrow and rabbit populations will increase sharply because they will have no predators in this environment.
The raspberry bush population will increase because there will be less rabbits due to the increased predation by the fox and the hawk.
The mountain lions will leave the area because there will be less prey available in the ecosystem.
Standard: Organisms and their Environment – A variety of ecosystems and communities exist on Earth. Ecosystems are dynamic interactions of organisms and their environment. Ecosystems have distinct characteristics and components that allow certain organisms to thrive. Change in one of more components can affect the entire ecosystem.
L.12.C.2- Students know how changes in an ecosystem can affect biodiversity and biodiversity’s contribution to an ecosystem’s stability. E/S
DOK Level 3
Answer A
This question requires the students to interpret the food web and make a prediction based upon the information provided. Option B is not correct because if the owl was removed, then the sparrow and rabbit populations would still have the fox and hawk populations as predators. Option C is incorrect because the removal of the owl does not indicate that the fox and hawk will consume more causing a decrease in the rabbit population and in turn an increase in the raspberry bush population. Option D, is not correct because the removal of the owl should not cause less prey in the food web. Therefore, the best answer is option A. If the owl is removed, then there will be less competition for the hawk and its population might increase.

10. If the owl is removed from the food web, what will most likely be the result and why?
The hawk population will increase because there will be less competition within their niche in this environment.
The sparrow and rabbit populations will increase sharply because they will have no predators in this environment.
The raspberry bush population will increase because there will be less rabbits due to the increased predation by the fox and the hawk.
The mountain lions will leave the area because there will be less prey available in the ecosystem.
Standard: Organisms and their Environment – A variety of ecosystems and communities exist on Earth. Ecosystems are dynamic interactions of organisms and their environment. Ecosystems have distinct characteristics and components that allow certain organisms to thrive. Change in one of more components can affect the entire ecosystem.
L.12.C.2- Students know how changes in an ecosystem can affect biodiversity and biodiversity’s contribution to an ecosystem’s stability. E/S
DOK Level 3
Answer A
This question requires the students to interpret the food web and make a prediction based upon the information provided. Option B is not correct because if the owl was removed, then the sparrow and rabbit populations would still have the fox and hawk populations as predators. Option C is incorrect because the removal of the owl does not indicate that the fox and hawk will consume more causing a decrease in the rabbit population and in turn an increase in the raspberry bush population. Option D, is not correct because the removal of the owl should not cause less prey in the food web. Therefore, the best answer is option A. If the owl is removed, then there will be less competition for the hawk and its population might increase.

11. A drought has caused the producer populations to significantly decrease. Which statement best describes an immediate effect caused by the decrease of producers?
The grouse population would increase.
The grasshopper population would decrease.
The seed populations would increase.
The grizzly bear populations would decrease.
Standard: Organisms and their Environment – A variety of ecosystems and communities exist on Earth. Ecosystems are dynamic interactions of organisms and their environment. Ecosystems have distinct characteristics and components that allow certain organisms to thrive. Change in one of more components can affect the entire ecosystem.
L.12.C.2- Students know how changes in an ecosystem can affect biodiversity and biodiversity’s contribution to an ecosystem’s stability. E/S
DOK Level 2
Answer B
In order to answer this question, the students must identify the producers in the food web and determine the impact if the producer population was decreased. In this food web, the producers are the seeds, berries, and grasses. Although all the organisms in a food web are interconnected, a decrease in producers would most likely cause a decrease in the grasshoppers population because the grasshoppers feed directly on the producers. Option A is incorrect because the grouse population would also decrease. Option C is incorrect because the seed is considered a producer which was said to have decreased. Option D is not correct because the grizzly bears have many more food sources than the grasshoppers and the effect would not be immediate.
As a review:
The Producers are autotrophs who produce their own food through photosynthesis. They convert the inorganic compounds of CO2 and H2O into glucose (or starch) which is a stored form of chemical energy for organisms.
The Consumers are heterotrophs, feeding directly or indirectly on producers.
Herbivores eat plants (also known as the primary consumers).
Carnivores eat animals (these are known as the secondary consumers or higher because they eat the herbivores and/or other organisms).
Omnivores eat both herbivores and carnivores.
The Decomposers are important to an environment because they break down complex compounds and absorb nutrients from dead organisms. They recycle essential elements through the ecosystem.

12. A drought has caused the producer populations to significantly decrease. Which statement best describes an immediate effect caused by the decrease of producers?
The grouse population would increase.
The grasshopper population would decrease.
The seed populations would increase.
The grizzly bear populations would decrease.
Standard: Organisms and their Environment – A variety of ecosystems and communities exist on Earth. Ecosystems are dynamic interactions of organisms and their environment. Ecosystems have distinct characteristics and components that allow certain organisms to thrive. Change in one of more components can affect the entire ecosystem.
L.12.C.2- Students know how changes in an ecosystem can affect biodiversity and biodiversity’s contribution to an ecosystem’s stability. E/S
DOK Level 2
Answer B
In order to answer this question, the students must identify the producers in the food web and determine the impact if the producer population was decreased. In this food web, the producers are the seeds, berries, and grasses. Although all the organisms in a food web are interconnected, a decrease in producers would most likely cause a decrease in the grasshoppers population because the grasshoppers feed directly on the producers. Option A is incorrect because the grouse population would also decrease. Option C is incorrect because the seed is considered a producer which was said to have decreased. Option D is not correct because the grizzly bears have many more food sources than the grasshoppers and the effect would not be immediate.
As a review:
The Producers are autotrophs who produce their own food through photosynthesis. They convert the inorganic compounds of CO2 and H2O into glucose (or starch) which is a stored form of chemical energy for organisms.
The Consumers are heterotrophs, feeding directly or indirectly on producers.
Herbivores eat plants (also known as the primary consumers).
Carnivores eat animals (these are known as the secondary consumers or higher because they eat the herbivores and/or other organisms).
Omnivores eat both herbivores and carnivores.
The Decomposers are important to an environment because they break down complex compounds and absorb nutrients from dead organisms. They recycle essential elements through the ecosystem.

13. In a marine ecosystem, disease killed most of the sea otters
In a marine ecosystem, disease killed most of the sea otters. This allowed the sea urchins and clams to increase in number. As a result, the sea gull population increased and the seaweed population decreased.
Identify a secondary consumer in this marine ecosystem.
Seaweed
Clam
Sea urchin
Sea gull .
Sea Gulls
Sea Otters
Sea Urchins
Clams
Standard: Organisms and their Environment – A variety of ecosystems and communities exist on Earth. Ecosystems are dynamic interactions of organisms and their environment. Ecosystems have distinct characteristics and components that allow certain organisms to thrive. Change in one of more components can affect the entire ecosystem.
L.12.C.1- Students know relationships of organisms and their physical environment. E/S
DOK Level 3
Answer D
Show your students this question without providing the food web. See if your students can draw the food web from the description provided. The food web on this slide is animated to assist the students in processing through the question, after they attempt to answer the question on their own.
The best way to process through this question is to draw a food web that represents the description provided. Show the students the animated food web AFTER they attempt to create their own food web. The description lists the organisms in the food web, but it is up to the students to infer which organisms are producers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers. If a disease kills most of the sea otters and that results in the sea urchins and clams increasing in number, then the students can infer that the sea otters were eating sea urchins and clams. Energy transfer arrows can be drawn from the sea urchins and clams to the sea otter. As a result of the increase in clams and sea urchin populations, the sea gull population increased. The students can infer that the sea gulls were eating them and the students can add energy transfer arrows from the sea urchins and clams to the sea gulls. Since the seaweed population decreased after a rise in the clam and sea urchin populations, then the students can conclude that the sea urchins and clams were eating the seaweed and add two arrows from the seaweed to the clams and sea urchins. After the food web is drawn, then the students can identify the secondary consumer. Secondary consumers are organisms that eat primary consumers which eat producers. If the seaweed is the producer, then the clams and sea urchins are primary consumers. Therefore, the sea gulls and sea otters are the secondary consumers. Since the sea gull is the only secondary consumer listed, that makes D the correct response.
Seaweed

14. In a marine ecosystem, disease killed most of the sea otters
In a marine ecosystem, disease killed most of the sea otters. This allowed the sea urchins and clams to increase in number. As a result, the sea gull population increased and the seaweed population decreased.
Identify a secondary consumer in this marine ecosystem.
Seaweed
Clam
Sea urchin
Sea gull .
Sea Gulls
Sea Otters
Sea Urchins
Clams
Standard: Organisms and their Environment – A variety of ecosystems and communities exist on Earth. Ecosystems are dynamic interactions of organisms and their environment. Ecosystems have distinct characteristics and components that allow certain organisms to thrive. Change in one of more components can affect the entire ecosystem.
L.12.C.1- Students know relationships of organisms and their physical environment. E/S
DOK Level 3
Answer D
Show your students this question without providing the food web. See if your students can draw the food web from the description provided. The food web on this slide is animated to assist the students in processing through the question, after they attempt to answer the question on their own.
The best way to process through this question is to draw a food web that represents the description provided. Show the students the animated food web AFTER they attempt to create their own food web. The description lists the organisms in the food web, but it is up to the students to infer which organisms are producers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers. If a disease kills most of the sea otters and that results in the sea urchins and clams increasing in number, then the students can infer that the sea otters were eating sea urchins and clams. Energy transfer arrows can be drawn from the sea urchins and clams to the sea otter. As a result of the increase in clams and sea urchin populations, the sea gull population increased. The students can infer that the sea gulls were eating them and the students can add energy transfer arrows from the sea urchins and clams to the sea gulls. Since the seaweed population decreased after a rise in the clam and sea urchin populations, then the students can conclude that the sea urchins and clams were eating the seaweed and add two arrows from the seaweed to the clams and sea urchins. After the food web is drawn, then the students can identify the secondary consumer. Secondary consumers are organisms that eat primary consumers which eat producers. If the seaweed is the producer, then the clams and sea urchins are primary consumers. Therefore, the sea gulls and sea otters are the secondary consumers. Since the sea gull is the only secondary consumer listed, that makes D the correct response.
Seaweed

15. 34. The producer in the food web shown is:
A. grass.
B. mouse.
C. mountain lion.
D. owl.

16. b
Which types of organisms must be present in an ecosystem if the ecosystem is to be maintained? a. producers and carnivores b. producers and decomposers c. carnivores and decomposers d. herbivores and carnivores