1. Expanding West

2. F.O.A. (Bellwork)

3. Essential Questions
What is Westward Expansion? What role did Tennessee play in it? (8.3 spi 6)

4. Today
Finish Reader’s Theater
Video on Westward expansion
Notes

5. What’s happening?

6. Question
What’s manifest destiny?

7. Questions What is westward expansion?
How did populations change as Americans expanded to the West?
What were some of the consequences of westward expansion?

8. What Started It All

9. Fur traders and trappers who moved west were known as mountain men
In the early 1800s, beaver furs were highly sought after; used in making hats
Whole population killed off in the east
Trappers began to move west in order to find more
Fur traders and trappers who moved west were known as mountain men
Adopted Native American clothing and living

10. Bringing furs out of the mountains to buyers in the east was expensive
As a result, many fur companies moved west to save money
Brought more people to the West; eventually began moving into Oregon Territory

11. The Oregon Trail
2,000 mile trail from the Midwest to Oregon & California
Expensive journey; many dangers
Food shortages
Weather and landforms
Native attacks
The Santa Fe Trail was similar and ended in present day NM

12. Question
What reasons can you think of that would explain why so many Americans would journey west?
Why would they face so many threats and dangers?

13. The Mormons
Officially belonged to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Led by Joseph Smith & Brigham Young
Seeking religious freedom in Utah

14. Who can translate this expression?
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
Who can translate this expression?

15. What’s happening in this photo?
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What’s happening in this photo?

16. EQs Who is Sam Houston? (8.4 spi 9)
What were the causes and effects of America’s war with Mexico? (8.4 spi 9)

17. Today
KWL on Texas
Alamo videos
Notes on Texas Revolution
Assignment

18. KWL

19. Everything’s Bigger in. . .

20. Texas Originally, the areas of TX and Mexico belonged to Spain
1821 – Mexico becomes independent and sets up a representative government
The new government hired empresarios (agents) to bring people to TX

21. In exchange for free land, TX settlers had to obey Mexican laws
Often didn’t happen; slavery is one example
General Santa Anna takes over Mexico
Wants to squash the unrest in TX

22. In 1836, TX declares independence from Mexico
Created a constitution like that of the U.S.
These actions really upset Santa Anna and he begins getting the Mexican army ready to attack

23. The Alamo
Small TX volunteer army fights for nearly two weeks against larger Mexican army
All the defenders of the Alamo die
“Remember the Alamo!” becomes the war cry of the TX military

24. A New Nation Fighting ends at the Battle of San Jacinto
Sam Houston, a TN native, is its first president
Davy Crockett
Many Americans wanted to annex TX as a state, but not Andrew Jackson
New Mexican government would not recognize the TX nation

25. Homework
Read pages
Answer 1-3 all parts on page 353.

26. F.O.A. (Bellwork)
Define manifest destiny

27. Essential Question
What were the causes and effects of America’s war with Mexico? (8.4 spi 9)

28. Today BrainPop on Mexican-American War Notes on Mexican American War
Assignment

29. KWL

30. Acquiring New Lands
By the 1840s, many Americans believed it was their manifest destiny (obvious fate) to control all the territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Most wanted to annex OR and TX

31. In 1844, Democrat James K. Polk of TN becomes president
Narrowly defeats Whig candidate Henry Clay
Immediately sets out to gain Oregon
U.S. & Britain agree on the 49th Parallel for border

32. America takes TX in 1845; Mexico upset because they see it as being “stolen”
Couldn’t get too upset though, because Mexico still had large amounts of land to govern including California

33. What Was California Like?
Mexico got rid of the old mission system in its borders
Mexico’s government began giving massive amounts of lands to its wealthiest settlers
Vaqueros – Mexican “cowboys”
Herded animals and taught American settlers their lifestyle

34. Californios
Early settlers of CA territory; felt isolated from Mexican government because of the distance between them
“Anglos” from America move in; begin calling for CA to become independent

35. Mexican-American War
America tries to buy Mexican lands of NM and CA for $30 million
Doesn’t work; Polk sends military to the border to secure it
Gen. Zachary Taylor invades Mexico; Polk tells Congress that Mexico invaded America

36. Over 200,000 volunteer to fight for the U.S.
Launch attacks in Mexico, NM, and CA
Anglos in CA declare independence
“Bear Flag Revolt”
Ends with American army claiming CA

37. End of the War Mexico City – Final battle
Result – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Also known as the “Mexican Cession”
U.S. gets land; gives Mexico $15 million

38. Homework
Read pages and answer 1-4 all parts on page 364.

39. Americans wanted a southern railroad in all U.S. territory
Gadsden Purchase – Mexico gave U.S. southern parts of modern-day AZ and NM for $10 million

40. Culture Clash
As more Americans began to move into old Mexican lands, they began to clash with Mexican settlers
Land rights
Water rights

41. Expensive Nuggets

42. The California Gold Rush
For years, the Oregon Trail had been bringing settlers to OR and CA
In 1839, Mexico gives John Sutter permission to start a colony in CA

43. 1848 – Gold is discovered on Sutter’s land
Wants to keep it a secret, but can’t
President Polk doesn’t help
1849 – More than 80,000 miners reach CA looking for gold; nicknamed “forty-niners”

44. Results Mining towns began to spring up in CA
San Francisco is where most miners went; its population increases from 800 to 25,000 in just two years
Incoming miners began to prospect for gold; “staking a claim”

45. Life As a Miner
Mining was hard work and very rarely did people get rich
Placer mining
Some stopped mining for gold and opened other businesses
Restaurants
Laundromats
Hotels

46. Immigration
Not all miners were American; many came from Europe, South America, and Asia
24,000 Chinese in just four years
Immigrants and Californios were often treated unfairly by American settlers

47. Impact on California
Due to the population explosion over gold, CA is eligible for statehood just two years after becoming a U.S. territory (1850)
Many Californians begin ranching and farming instead of mining; HARD work

48. Westward Expansion CAUSES EFFECTS “Manifest Destiny”
America acquires new lands in the west
New trails are discovered to the west
Gold is discovered in CA
EFFECTS
Native Americans forced off their lands
Americans travel west for new land
U.S. stretches all the way to the Pacific Ocean
CA experiences a population boom